Encyclopedia: ECO...

Encyclopedia : E : EC : ECO (1254 articles)

E-commerce payment systems
Contents 0.1 General Overview0.2 Credit Cards and Smart Cards0.3 Financial Cyber-mediaries0.4 Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment1 Reference General Overview One of the main requirements in e-commerce is the ability to accept a form of electronic payment. This form of..

Eco
Eco or ECO may refer to: Umberto Eco, an authorEco (currency), a proposed currencyThe natural substance of energy and power in the "Jak and Daxter" gamesEncyclopaedia of Chess Openings, a scheme to classify chess openingsEconomic Cooperation Organization, an international organization involving ten..

Eco-action
Eco-action is an international environmental group founded in 1993 by Beth Hollenbeck with the stated aim of "facilitating positive lifestyle change through consumer education and community involvement in environmental issues". An all-volunteer, membership organization, ECO-Action claims it has "..

Eco-anarchism
Part of the Politics series onAnarchism Traditions Anarcha-feminism Anarchist communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Christian anarchism Collectivist anarchism Eco-anarchism Green anarchism Individualist anarchism Anarcho-capitalism(disputed) Anarchism in culture Anarchi..

Eco-capitalism
Eco-capitalism is one of several strategies of the green movement and Green Parties. Its central idea is that capital exists in nature as "natural capital" (self-renewing productive ecosystems that have a measurable ecological yield or tangible benefit to humans) on which all wealth depends. Oth..

Eco-cemetery
An eco-cemetery is also known as a natural burial ground, a woodland cemetery, a memorial nature preserve, or a green burial ground. This growing modern burial practice is an environmentally responsible option that spiritually fulfilling alternative to the conventional funeral. With an eco-cemetery..

Eco-Challenge
Eco-Challenge: The Expedition Race was a multi-day expedition length adventure race competed by teams of four. Eco-Challenge was created by Mark Burnett, inspired by an L.A. Times article about Gerald Fusil's Raid Gauloises adventure race in New Zealand. After purchasing the rights from Fusil, Bu..

Eco-Drive
Eco-Drive is a type of solar powered wrist watches manufactured by the Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. The watches are equipped with a special lithium ion battery that is continuously charged by any light source. The quality of the battery precludes it from being affected from the regular charge/discharge ..

Eco-efficiency
The term eco-efficiency the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in its 1992 publication 'Changing Course' It is based on the concept of creating more goods and services while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution. The 1992 Earth Summit endorsed eco-effic..

Eco-evolution
The term eco-evolution was coined by Donella Meadows to describe "the power to add, change, evolve, or self-organize system structure" which she described as the fourth most powerful way to intervene in a system: Self-organization refers to the capacity of a system to change itself by creating new ..

Eco-imperialism
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one.Please help [[help:link|introduce links]] in articles on [related topics]. After links have been created, remove this message.This article has been tagged since June 2006. } Eco-imperialism describes the negative outcomes of t..

Eco-industrial park
An eco-industrial park (EIP) is a type of industrial park in which businesses cooperate with each other and with the local community in an attempt to reduce waste, efficiently share resources (such as information, materials, water, energy, infrastructure, and natural resources), and produce sustaina..

Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is the EU voluntary instrument which acknowledges organisations that improve their [environmental performance] on a continuous basis. EMAS registered organisations are legally compliant, run an environmental management system and report on their en..

Eco-marathon
The Eco-Marathon is an annual competition sponsored by Shell, in which vehicles take fuel consumption to the extreme -- the current record is 12,665 miles per gallon (MPG). (In contrast, the most efficient diesel passenger cars achieve 60 MPG, and some high-powered sportscars achieve as little as 8..

Eco-Money
Eco-Money is the name of many japanese community currencies, used to connect neighbours in obtaining the goods and services they need. In the town of Kuriyama, Hokkaido, for instance, second grader Ami Hasegawa paid 1,000 kurins to get her favorite toy fixed. The Kurin is the local currency that wa..

Eco-san
Eco-san, short for Ecological Sanitation, seeks to address the issues of modern sanitation systems, which are environmentally destructive. Current thinking sees excrement as waste and a problem. Modern flush toilets simply transfer human excrement using large quantities of water, where it needs to..

Eco-Schools
Eco-Schools is an international program of environmental and sustainable developmental education for schools. Contents 1 Beginnings2 Participation and awards3 Process4 Links5 External links Beginnings The program was developed in 1994 in response to the need to involve..

Eco-socialism
Part of the Politics series on Socialism Currents Democratic socialism Christian socialism Communism Libertarian socialism Social democracy Revolutionary socialism Influences Owenism Marxism Anarchism Trade unionism Ideas Egalitarianism Democracy Mixed economy Planned economy ..

Eco-somatics
Eco-somatics is a term used by movement artist and dance movement therapist Sandra Reeve in her [Move Into Life] work. It describes an ecological approach to the body-mind in movement and starts always from movement rather than from a static view. Eco-somatics encourages the development ..

Eco-sufficiency
Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption (=decoupling/delinking). Given a very loose rela..

Eco-terrorism
TerrorismGeneral Definitions Conventions Counterterrorism War on Terrorism Lists Organizations Incidents Types Nationalist Religious State State-sponsored Racist Narcoterrorism Anarchist Political Eco-terrorism Tactics Hijacking Assassination IED (bomb) Car bombing S..

Eco-warrior
The term eco-warrior is used to describe an environmental activist that adopts a "hands-on" effort to save or salvage a plot of land, or to advance some ecological ideology. An eco-warrior can be someone as mundane and non-confrontational as a tree sitter or someone who engages in direct action, ..

Ecobot
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. An ecobot is a fly-eating mechanical device that can generates its own power. External links [The ro..

Ecocentrism
Ecocentrism is a philosophy that recognizes that the Ecosphere, rather than any individual organism, is the source and support of all life and as such advises a holistic and eco-centric approach to government, industry, and individual.[link]. Although in theory every educated person know..

Ecocide
Ecocide is the killing of an ecosystem, which includes consuming it and using it to feed some other process or system - ecophagy. There are however ways to render an ecosystem not viable that do not require consuming or crushing all of its parts. It is thus a serious mistake to assume that measure..

Ecocide (album)
Ecocide is the debut album by the Dutch death metal band Polluted Inheritance. The album was released in 1993 on Andy Classen's label West Virginia Records. Track listing "Faces" (3:53)"Dissolved" (4:09)"Eaten" (2:40)"Memories of Sadness" (3:41)"Substance of Existence" (3:43)"Fear" (4:20)"St..

Ecocities
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Ecocomposition
Ecocomposition is a way of looking at literacy using the concepts from ecology. It is a post-process theory of writing instruction that tries to account for factors beyond hierarchically defined goals within social settings. However, it doesn't dismiss these goals. Rather, it incorporates them with..

Ecocriticism
Ecocriticism began in the mid-1990s as the study of the relationship between literature and the natural environment. Ecocriticism was heralded by the publication of two seminal works, both published in 1996: The Ecocriticism Reader, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, and The Environme..

Ecodefense
Cover of the 1987 second edition Ecodefense: A Field Guide To Monkeywrenching is a book edited by Dave Foreman, with a foreward by Edward Abbey. The first two editions were published by Ned Ludd Books, and a third edition was published by Abbzug Press. The book was first published in 1985. ..

Ecodesign
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since June 2006. The aim of ecodesign is to ..

Ecodriving
Ecodriving is a term used in Europe to name initiative which support energy efficient use of vehicles. The campaigns include training courses with hands on training- fuel gauges etc. External links [Ecodriving for Busses][European initiative] ..

EcoDuro
right EcoDuro, Inc. is a manufacturing, engineering and marketing company that holds patents in the major industrial companies for its unique engineered paper pallets. EcoDuro is a company that is focused on developing products for sustainable business practices. --> EcoDuro's standard ..

Ecodynamics
Ecodynamics is a part of applied economics. It covers the lore of the monetary value, the usage of money and the money flow. It deals with labour and capital. References Ecodynamics : a new theory of societal evolution / by Kenneth E. Boulding- Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publ., 1981. ISBN 08039168..

Ecofascism
Ecofascism is a term used in two different ways: (1) For specific elements of radical environmentalism which are openly affiliated with neo-fascism, or which share conceptual similarities with fascist theories. It is used critically from an external source, and somewhat less commonly used from wit..

Ecofeminism
Ecofeminism is a social and political movement which unites environmentalism and feminism, with some currents linking deep ecology and feminism. Ecofeminists argue that a relationship exists between the oppression of women and the degradation of nature, and explore the intersectionality between sex..

Ecoforestry
Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. Destructive practices like clearcutting, high grading, and pesticides are not permitted.2 External links [Protect an..

Ecofys
Ecofys is a company specialised in research and consultancy on energy saving and renewable energy. Ecofys was established in 1984 and is now part of the Econcern group. Ecofys has offices in seven countries in Europe and employs over 200 people. The international headquarter is in Utrecht, the Net..

ECOGRA
eCOGRA (e-Commerce Online Gambling Regulation and Assurance) is the self-regulatory body of the online gaming world. A non-profit organization, eCOGRA was established to create standards for fair gaming, responsible operator conduct, and player protection throughout the $12 billion a year online ga..

EcoHealth
EcoHealth is an emerging field of study researching how changes in the earth’s ecosystems are impacting human health. EcoHealth examines changes in the biological, physical, social and economic environments and relates these changes to impacts upon human health. Examples of these changes and their..

EcoHomes
EcoHomes is an environmental rating scheme for homes in the United Kingdom. It is the domestic version of the Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method BREEAM, which can also be applied to a variety of non-residential buildings. EcoHomes can be applied to new private and s..

Ecohydrology
Ecohydrology is a sub-discipline of hydrology that focuses on ecological processes involved in the hydrological cycle. These processes generally occur within the soil and plant foliage, and so emphasis is put on transpiration and thermodynamic energy balance at the land surface. Contents 1 K..

Ecoinformatics
Ecoinformatics is the science of information (Informatics) in Ecology and Environmental science. It aims to a synthesis of the sciences of the environment and of information that defines the entities and processes of natural systems with a language that both humans and computers can process. A few..

Ecolab
Ecolab, Inc. NYSE: [ECL] is a St. Paul, Minnesota based sanitation supply company founded in 1923. Ecolab provides supplies to restaurants, hospitals, food and beverage plants, laundries, schools, retail and commercial properties. The company operates in nearly 170 countries and employs m..

Ecolabel
Ecolabel is a labelling system for consumer products (also food stuff) that are made in fashion to avoid detrimental effects on the environment. Usually both the precautionary principle and the substitution principle are used when defining the rules for what products can be ecolabelled. Many (but no..

Ecolect
An ecolect is a language variety unique to a household (from the Greek eco (oikos) for house, as in economy or ecology, and lect for language). An ecolect probably evolves from an idiolect, which is individual specific, when other household members adopt that individual's unique words and phrases, ..

Ecole Française de Belgrade
Ecole Française de Belgrade (Serbian: Француска Школа у Београду) is an international French school in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is composed of a preschool (maternelle), primary school (école primaire), junior high (collège), and high school (lycée). It was found..

Ecole Frank Ross Elementary School
Ecole Frank Ross Elementary is a public elementary school in Dawson Creek, British Columbia part of School District 59 Peace River South. ..

Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois
The École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois (ENSTIB) is a French grande école located in Épinal in Lorraine, which is one of the biggest forested region of France. Studies are oriented to the wood industry and technologies - everything that is related to wood as a c..

Ecole Nissim de Camondo
The Ecole Nissim de Camondo is a five-year school of environmental design and interior architecture, located in Paris, France. Although a private school, graduates are recognized as architects by the French state. Notable Former Students Pierre Paulin, designerJean-Michel Wilmotte, urban des..

Ecole Riverdale Elementary School
Ecole Riverdale Elementary is a public elementary school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. ..

Ecole Supérieure des Arts du Cirque
The Ecole Supérieure des Arts du Cirque is a professional circus school located in Brussels, Belgium. In September 2003, the college was officially recognized by the “Communauté française de Belgique” and became the 17th institute of Higher Education in the Arts. ESAC offers 3 year full tim..

Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Rennes
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since June 2006. The École Supérieure de..

Ecolinguistics
Ecolingusitics emerged in the 1990’s as a new paradigm of linguistic research which took into account not only the social context in which language is embedded, but also the ecological context in which societies are embedded. Michael Halliday’s 1990 paper New ways of meaning: the challenge to ap..

Ecolo
Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Europe Ideas in the Global Greens Charter: ecological wisdom social justice participatory democracy nonviolence sust..

Ecological and Environmental Movement
Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Europe Ideas in the Global Greens Charter: ecological wisdom social justice participatory democracy nonviolence susta..

Ecological anthropology
Ecological anthropology deals with human-environmental (nature-culture) relationships over time and space. It investigates the ways that a population shapes its environment and the subsequent manners in which these relations form the population’s social, economic, and political life (Salzman and A..

Ecological burial
Ecological burial is a method of disposing of a corpse that produces less environmental disruption than a conventional burial. One particular method is a sequence of deep-freezing, pulverisation by vibration, freeze-drying, removing metals, and burying the resulting powder, which has 30% of the bod..

Ecological collapse
Ecological Collapse refers to a situation where an ecosystem suffers a drastic, if not permanent, reduction in carrying capacity for all organisms, often resulting in mass extinction. Usually, an ecological collapse can be precipitated by a disastrous event occurring on a small time scale, such as t..

Ecological community
The term ecological community can refer to two different things: A biocoenosis, sometimes called an ecological community, refers to all the interacting organisms living together in a specific habitat.An ecovillage, sometimes called an ecological community, is an intentional community organized arou..

Ecological correlation
An ecological correlation is a correlation between two variables that are group means, in contrast to a correlation between two variables that describe individuals. For example, one might study the correlation between physical activity and weight among sixth-grade children. A study at the individu..

Ecological crisis
An ecological crisis occurs when the environment of a species or a population changes in a way that destablizes its continued survival. There are many possible causes of such crises: It may be that the environment quality degrades compared to the species' needs, after a change of abiotic ecologica..

Ecological debt
Ecological debt is a term used to describe an imbalance between one's perceived "fair share" of natural resources and one's actual usage of those resources. If you take more than your fair share of the earth's finite natural resources you run up an ecological debt. If you have a lifestyle that pu..

Ecological Democratic Party
ÖDP symbol The Ecological Democratic Party (German: Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei, ÖDP) is an environmentalist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1982 by former members of the German Green Party. The ÖDP combines issues which are not often found together: environmental and fai..

Ecological economics
Ecological economics is a branch of economics that addresses the interdependence and co-evolution between human economies and natural ecosystems. It has similarities to green economics and human development theory. These schools also embrace integration among diverse intellectual thoughts, and deem ..

Ecological effects of biodiversity
The diversity of species and genes in ecological communities affects the functioning of these communities. These ecological effects of biodiversity in turn affect both climate change through enhanced greenhouse gases, aerosols and loss of land cover, and biological diversity, causing a rapid loss of..

Ecological energetics
Ecological energetics is the quantitative study of the flow of energy through ecological systems. It aims to uncover the principles which describe the propensity of such energy flows through the trophic, or 'energy availing' levels of ecological networks. In Systems Ecology the principles of ecosyst..

Ecological engineering
Ecological Engineering is the emerging field of the use of ecological processes within natural or constructed imitation of natural systems to achieve engineering goals. It has also been described as "the design of sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with its natural environment for ..

Ecological engineering methods
Ecological Engineering Methods (also known as Biological Engineering or ECO-Engineering) is when researchers try to tap biologically-based energy sources. Some projects include engineering new organisms that produce hydrogen from water and sunlight in environmentally friendly ways with no waste p..

Ecological facilitation
Facilitation describes species interactions that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither (Stachowicz 2001). Facilitations can be categorized as mutualisms, in which both species benefit, or commensalisms, in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected. Much of..

Ecological fallacy
The ecological fallacy is a widely recognised error in the interpretation of statistical data, whereby inferences about the nature of individuals are based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which those individuals belong. This fallacy assumes that all members of a group exh..

Ecological footprint
An ecological footprint is the amount of land and water area a person or a human population would need to provide the resources required to sustainably support itself and to absorb its wastes, given prevailing technology. The term was first coined in 1996 by Canadian ecologist William Rees and Mathi..

Ecological funeral
An ecological funeral, also known as promession, is a method for allowing the body of the deceased to decompose in an environmentally-friendly way. It was invented and patented in 1999 by the Swedish biologist Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak. The following three steps characterize the method: Reducing the bod..

Ecological genetics
For the book see Ecological Genetics (book) Ecological genetics is the study of genetics on an ecological scale. While molecular genetics studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level, ecological genetics (and the related field of population genetics) studies wild populations of ..

Ecological Genetics (book)
Ecological Genetics is a 1964 book by the British ecological geneticist E.B. Ford on ecological genetics. Ford founded the field and it is considered his magnum opus. An enlarged edition followed in 1975. The book includes contributions from Miriam Rothschild, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Bryan Clarke....

Ecological goods and services
Ecological goods and services or EGS are benefits provided to humans from ecosystems. Examples include water supply and purification, flood protection, food production, erosion protection, and climate regulation. Ecological goods and services impact human well-being through the provision of basic ..

Ecological health
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Ecological health or ecological integrity or ecological damage is used to refer to symptoms of an ecosystem's p..

Ecological humanities
The ecological humanities is a recent development by Deborah Bird Rose and colleagues in the humanities which has grown out of the concerns of radical ecocentric political theory. The aim of the ecological humanities is to bridge the divides between the sciences and the humanities, and between Weste..

Ecological imperialism
Ecological Imperialism is, quite simply, the idea that the European conquest of the New World was more a matter of the introduced plants, animals, and diseases that accompanied the Europeans than their technology or weaponry. The idea was popularized in the Alfred Crosby text of the same name. ..

Ecological indicator
Ecological indicators are used to communicate information about ecosystems and the impact human activity has on ecosystems to groups such as the public or government policy makers. Ecosystems are complex and ecological indicators can help describe them in simpler terms that can be understood and us..

Ecological Intelligent Design
The Ecological Intelligent Design strategy of Michael Braungart, an ecological chemist, and Bill McDonough, an architect and designer, applies to both products and buildings. It is touted as a way to achieve better environmental management by simple distinctions instead of big "systems". EID defin..

Ecological interface design
Ecological interface design (EID) is an approach to interface design that was introduced specifically for complex sociotechnical, real-time, and dynamic systems. It has been applied in a variety of domains including process control (e.g. nuclear power plants, petrochemical plants), aviation, and med..

Ecological island
Contents 1 Definition2 Background3 Offshore Islands4 Ecological Islands5 See also Definition An Ecological Island is not necessarily an island surrounded by water, but is an area of land, isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land, where: a natura..

Ecological land classification
Ecological land classification is defined as being a cartographical delineation of distinct ecological areas, identified by their geology, topography, soils, vegetation, climate conditions, living species, water resources, as well as anthropic factors. These factors are known to control or influen..

Ecological living
Ecological living is a life philosophy. Proponents of ecological living aim to conduct their lives in such a way that they have an all-encompassing awareness of earth and its processes. Each choice made under such a way of life requires a consideration of the consequences of the choice, and the wa..

Ecological Metadata Language
Ecological Metadata Language (EML) is a metadata standard developed by and for the ecology discipline. It is based on prior work done by the Ecological Society of America and associated efforts. EML is largely designed to describe digital resources, however, it may also be used to describe non-digi..

Ecological model of competition
The ecological model of competition is a reassessment of the nature of competition in the economy. Traditional economics models the economy on the principles of physics (force, equilibrium, inertia, momentum, and linear relationships). This can be seen in the economics lexicon : terms like labour fo..

Ecological modernization
This article lacks information on the [Importanceimportance] of the subject matter. If you are familiar with it, please expand the article, or discuss its significance on the talk page. Ecological modernization is an optimistic environmental discourse. Proponents of ecological modernizatio..

Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem. More formally, the niche includes how a population responds to the abundance of its resources and enemies (e. g., by growing when resources are abundant, and predators, parasites and pathogen..

Ecological Postmodernism
Ecological Postmodernism describes a system of social development that is a departure from the socialist and capitalist industrial systems. Ecological Postmodernism seeks the integration of a sustainable social ecology and natural ecology. The Term The term Ecological Postmodernism can be found in..

Ecological psychology
Ecological psychology (EP) is a term claimed by a number of schools of psychology. However, the two main ones are one on the writings of J. J. Gibson, and another on the work of Roger G. Barker, Herb Wright and associates at the University of Kansas in Lawrence. It should be noted that whereas Gibso..

Ecological pyramid
An Ecological Pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the relationship between energy and trophic levels of a given ecosystem. Most commonly, this relationship is demonstrated through the number of individuals at a given trophic level, the amount of biomass at a given trophic level,..

Ecological sanitation
Ecological Sanitation One person produces about 500 litres of urine and only 50 litres of faeces per year. If collected with low dilution this small amount can be sanitized and converted to fertilizer and in many cases to energy (biogas) in addition. The same person, having access to tap water, p..

Ecological selection
Ecological selection (or environmental selection or survival selection or individual selection or asexual selection) refers to natural selection minus sexual selection, i.e. strictly ecological processes that operate on a species' inherited traits without reference to mating or secondary sex charact..

Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional society for ecologists located in the United States. The society was formed at a meeting at Columbus Ohio, on December 28,1915, with the aims to: promote ecological science by improving communication among ecologists;raise the public's leve..

Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland
The Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland (Gesellschaft für Ökologie - GfÖ) is an independent, nonprofit scientific organisation founded in 1970. The society aims to: promote basic and applied ecological scienceencourage collaborative work of all ecological disciplinesimprove ..

Ecological stability
The word stability has a number of technical meanings in various fields Ecological Stability can take on any connotation in a continuum ranging from resilience (returning quickly to a previous state) to constancy (lack of change) to persistence (simply not going extinct). The precise definition de..

Ecological stoichiometry
Ecological stoichiometry is the balance of multiple chemical substances in ecological interactions and processes, or the study of this balance. The term also sometimes refers to the balance of energy and materials. Similar to chemical stoichiometry, it is based on mass balance and laws of definite ..

Ecological succession
Secondary succession: trees are colonizing uncultivated fields and meadows. Ecological succession, a fundamental concept in ecology, refers to more-or-less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community. Succession may be initiated either by formati..

Ecological validity
For the ecological validity of a cue in perception, see ecological validity (perception). Ecological validity is a form of validity in an experiment. In order for an experiment to possess ecological validity, the methods, materials and setting of the experiment must approximate the real-life situati..

Ecological validity (perception)
For ecological validity as a type of experimental validity, see ecological validity. The ecological validity of a cue in perception is the correlation between the cue (something an organism might be able measure from the proximal stimulus) and a property of the world (some aspect of the distal stimu..

Ecological wisdom
Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Europe Ideas in the Global Greens Charter: ecological wisdom social justice participatory democracy nonviolence susta..

Ecological yield
Ecological yield is the harvestable growth of an ecosystem. It is most commonly measured in forestry - in fact sustainable forestry is defined as that which does not harvest more wood in a year than has grown in that year, within a given patch of forest. However, the concept is also applicable to ..

Ecologics
redirect [[Template:Importance]]redirect [[Template:Not verified]] Ecologics ([Ikologiks]) is defined as a cumulative-progressive system (science) of philosophical thought or study into universal phenomenlogical knowledge; within the context of integrated dialectical, metaphysical, revoluti..

Ecologic Foundation
The Ecologic Foundation is based in Nelson, New Zealand. The Foundation has its origins in the 1975 Beech Forest Action Council, then the Native Forest Action Council, and the Maruia Society. The group describes itself as a think tank and advertises themselves as ‘responsible’ environmentali..

Ecologists Greece
Ecologist Greece (Οικολόγοι Ελλάδας) is a Greek political party, founded in 1988. It is led by Konstantinos Papanikolas. The party publishes the magazine Health and Ecology (Υγεία - Οικολογία) and runs the television station Telelight (Τηλεφώς). It also used t..

Ecologist Greens
The Ecologist Greens (OIKOLOGOI PRASINOI) are a Greek political party. They were founded in December 2002. They are a member of the European Federation of Green Parties and include the former member Green Politics (PRASINI POLITIKI). External links [Official web site] ..

Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
Partido Verde Ecologista de México PVEM Leader Jorge Emilio González Torres Founded May 14, 1993 Headquarters Political Ideology Green International Affiliation Global Greens Continental Affiliation FGPA Colours green Website [www.pvem.org.mx] See ..

Ecologist Party "The Greens"
More information on politics and government of Portugal can be found at the Politics and government of Portugal series. Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Eur..

Ecologist Party for the Development of Burkina
The Ecological Party for the Development of Burkina (French: Parti Écologiste pour le Développement du Burkina, PEDB) is a political party in Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta) founded in 2003. The president of the PEDB is Yacouba Touré. ..

Ecologist Party of Romania
Partidul Ecologist Român Leader Cornel Protopopescu Founded March 2003 Headquarters Calea Călăraşilor 51Bucharest Political Ideology Green politics International Affiliation none European Affiliation none Colours Green Website See also Politics of Romania P..

Ecology
Ernst Haeckel coined the term oekologie in 1866. Ecology, or ecological science, is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. The environment of a..

Ecologyfund.com
Contents 1 Summary of function2 Importance3 How this particular \"click to donate\" website operates4 Extra incentives to click to donate on this site5 External link Summary of function Ecologyfund.com is a click to donate site which is owned and operated by the Hunger Si..

Ecology (disciplines)
Ecology is a broad biological science and can thus be divided into many sub-disciplines using various criteria. For example, one such categorization, based on overall complexity (from the least complex to the most), is: Behavioral ecology, which studies the ecological and evolutionary basis for an..

Ecology (journal)
Ecology is a scientific journal (not to be confused with the Journal of Ecology) concerning ecology. It was founded in 1920. It is published by the Ecological Society of America. External links [Official website][Ecology] archived at JSTOR ..

Ecology and evolutionary biology
Some U.S. universities are home to degree programs entitled Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, offering integrated studies in the disciplines of ecology and evolutionary biology. Example Programs [Cornell University][Iowa State University][University of Arizona][U..

Ecology block
Ecology block An ecology block is a large concrete block with a groove in the bottom face and a tongue on the top face to eliminate slippage when they are stacked. There is also a steel loop on the top face to facilitate lifting. The blocks are stacked in an offset manner to create a wall for ..

Ecology Building Society
Ecology Building Society is a Building Society in the UK. Established in 1981 the Ecology is one of the fastest growing building societies in the country. Based in West Yorkshire, it has over 10,000 open accounts and assets exceeding £60m. The initial vision was to set up a building society that ..

Ecology Coatings
An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy one of the guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia on one of the following topics: [Notability Academics] ([Notability proposed])[Notability Biographies][Notability Books] (&#..

Ecology Functional Groups
In ecology functional groups are collections of organisms based on morphological, physiological, behavioral, biochemical, or environmental responses or on trophic criteria. ..

Ecology movement
The global ecology movement is one of several new social movements that emerged at the end of the sixties; as a values-driven social movement, it should be distinguished from the pre-existing science of ecology. The movement's growth has been stimulated by a widespread acknowledgement of an ecologi..

Ecology of Africa
Flora The vegetation of Africa follows very closely the distribution of heat and moisture. The northern and southern temperate zones have a flora distinct from that of the continent generally, which is tropical. In the countries bordering the Mediterranean are groves of oranges and olive trees, ev..

Ecology of California
The ecology of California is diverse. California's high mountains block most moisture from reaching the eastern parts of the state, which are home to California's desert and xeric shrub ecoregions. The low desert of southeastern California is part of the Sonoran desert ecoregion, which extends into..

Ecology of Hong Kong
This article is part of the Geography of Hong Kong series Climate Ecology Country parks and conservation Beaches Rivers Bays Islands and peninsulas Administrative divisions Cities and towns AreasBuildings and structures The ecology of Hong Kong is mostly affected by the results of climat..

Ecology of Sri Lanka
The Ecology of Sri Lanka is unique, caused by its geographical position and by its geological and climatic history. The island is one of the world's bio-diversity hot-spots. Sri Lanka was once part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, which also included South America, Africa, India and Anta..

Ecology of the Oak Ridges Moraine
The Hooded Warbler is a threatened species in Canada. Happy Valley Forests is one of the few remaining Canadian habitats for this species. The Oak Ridges Moraine lies in Southern Ontario, Canada. It contains the headwaters of sixty-five rivers and streams. It has a wide diversity of woodland..

Ecology of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago has some of the richest natural communities in the Caribbean. Unlike most of the islands of the Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago supports a primarily South American flora and fauna. As a result, Trinidad and Tobago is richer in plant and animal species than is the rest of the Car..

Ecolojovem
Ecolojovem is the youth wing of Ecologist Party "The Greens" in Portugal. Ecolojovem was founded on February 25 1989. It forms part of Juventude CDU and the National Youth Council. Ecolojovem is also a member of the Federation of Young European Greens. ..

Ecomagination
e•co•mag•i•na•tion (ē’kō-măj’e-nā’shun) (n.) GE’s commitment to products that benefit customers and society at large. Ecomagination is GE's (General Electric) growth strategy to design and build products that benefit customers and society. It is based on four commitments: 1)..

Ecomm Pty Ltd
Ecomm Pty Limited is an e-commerce integration company offering internet business solutions in multiple languages, provider integration, retail financial transactions and data distribution. See Asia Corporate News Network a Pan-Asian Newswire. History Australian Company Number: 084329911 Location:..

ECOMOG
Map of ECOMOG members as of 2005. Ghanian ECOMOG troops embarking a United States Air Force C-130E Hercules (1997) A Nigerian ECOMOG soldier outside Monrovia, Liberia (1997) Mali army troops guarding MiG-21s (1997) ECOMOG is a West African multilateral armed force establishe..

Ecomoni
is a J-pop group from the Hello! Project. Originally founded in the summer of 2004 with Sayumi Michishige (from Morning Musume) and Rika Ishikawa (from v-u-den) as members. The goal of the group is to promote environmental awereness. Contents 1 Self-introduction of Ecomoni2 History3&n..

ECompanies
eCompanies purchased Business.com in 1999 for $7.5 Million from Marc Ostrofsky, setting a record for the sale of a domain name. It is based in Santa Monica, California. Vested interests in: Boingojamdatusbxbusiness.com External links [official site] ..

EComStation
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. redirect [[Template:Not verified]] eComStation is based on the PC operating system OS/2, and is published by Serenity Systems International, ..

Ecomuseum
An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance local communities welfare and development. There are presently about 300 operating ecomuseums in the world; about 200 are in Europe (mainly in France and Italy). Contents 1&..

Econazole
Econazole nitrate is an antifungal medication of the imidazole class. It is used as a cream under the brand names Spectazole® (US) and Ecostatin® (Canada) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. It is also sold in Canada under the brand name Ecostatin Vagin..

Econet
This is about the network protocol. For the mobile phone company, see Econet Wireless. Econet is an abbreviation of Economy Network. It was used in the early 1980s by Acorn to provide computer networking for the BBC Micro. Modules were later produced for the BBC Master and Master Compact models, w..

Econet LAN
Econet was a proprietary local area network used on Acorn computers. It was introduced on the Acorn Atom computer in about 1984, and became popular for classroom networks. Electrically, the network was a serial bus carried on two pairs of wires (one pair for data, the other for the clock), with a ..

Econet Wireless
Zimbabwe's principal mobile or cell phone company was established by the Zimbabwean businessman, Strive Masiyiwa. It is now the nation's largest cell phone network having captured 43% of the market share. Econet Wireless also operates networks in Nigeria, Lesotho, Botswana, Malta , New Zealand and B..

Econfina River State Park
Econfina River State Park is one of Florida's State Parks, located on the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Econfina River. It consists of 3,377 acres (14 km²) of varied landscapes. From pine flatwoods to oak/palm forests, to broad expanses of salt marsh dotted with pine islands, this park off..

EconMult
EconMult is a general fleet model to be used in fisheries modelling. EconMult has been developed since 1991 as a part of the Multispecies management programme by the Norwegian Research Council at the Norwegian College of Fishery Science (University of Tromsø, Norway). Contents 1 Model resol..

Econoblog
An Econoblog is a blog concerning economics. Examples [econoblog.blogspot.com][Boston Herald][Geoff Riley's Economics Blog][EconLog][Marginal Revolution]..

Econobox
1985 Austin Rover Mini An econobox is a slang term for any of a series of small, boxy, fuel efficient automobiles with few luxuries, usually with a three-door hatchback format and front wheel drive. Possibly the first econobox was the Austin Mini, first built in England in 1959. One of the b..

Econochrist
Econochrist was a hardcore punk band signed to both Truant Records and Ebullition Records. They moved from Arkansas to the San Francisco Bay Area to become part of the punk music scene there. Disbanded in the early 1990s, the group was composed of singer Ben Sizemore, aka Ben Econochrist, drummer ..

Econofoods
The Dubuque, Iowa Econofoods. Econofoods is a chain of grocery stores located in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Econofoods is part of the Nash Finch Company, and is one of several supermarket brands operated by the company. The company is based out of Minnea..

Econoline Crush
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Econoline Crush was an industrial alternative rock band from Vancouver, Canada formed in 1992. Though origina..

Econometrica
Econometrica is a prestigious academic journal of economics, publishing articles in not only econometrics but in many areas of economics. It is published by The Econometric Society via Blackwell Publishing. The current editor of Econometrica is Eddie Dekel. It describes itself as Econometrica pub..

Econometrics
Econometrics literally means 'economic measurement'. It is a combination of mathematical economics, statistics, economic statistics and economic theory. The two main purposes of econometrics are to give empirical content to economic theory and also to empirically verify economic theory. For exa..

Econometric model
Econometric models are used by economists to find standard relationships among aspects of the macroeconomy and use those relationships to predict the effects of certain events (like government policies) on inflation, unemployment, growth, etc... Econometric models generally have a short-run aggregat..

Econometric Society
The Econometric Society The Econometric Society, an International Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory in its Relation with Statistics and Mathematics was founded on December 29, 1930 at the Stalton Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio. The sixteen founding members were: Ragnar Frisch, Charles F. Ro..

Econometric Theory
Econometric Theory is a economic journal specialising in econometrics. Its editor is Peter Phillips. According to research in 2003 it is the seventh most important economic journal. Source Kalaitzidakis, P. T. P. Mamueas and T. Stengos (2003). Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Econo..

Economic, Social and Cultural Council
The Economic, Social and Cultural Council is an advisory body of the African Union charged with overseeing the development of those particular areas within the continent. To this end 10 Sectoral Cluster Committees were established to highlight these areas: Peace and Security CommittteePolitical Aff..

Economical with the truth
The phrase economical with the truth came into popular usage after if was used by British Cabinet Secretary Robert Armstrong during the Spycatcher trial in 1986. ..

Economics
Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala. Economics is a social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. [link] The word "economics" is from the Greek οἶ..

Economics (textbook)
Economics is a textbook by American economists Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus. It was first published in 1948, and has appeared in eighteen different editions, the most recent in 2004. The book has been translated into forty-one languages and in total sold over four-million copies. Economics..

Economics and patents
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Economics and Statistics Administration
The Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that produces, analyzes and disseminates national economic and demographic data. Its three primary missions are the following: Maintain the highest possible quality Federal statistical system ..

Economics game
An economics game is a game based on working with a simulation of the elements of an economic structure. Notable economics games: Monopoly[Informatist]Capitalism[Capitalism 2][The Global Economics Game]Jones In The Fast Lane Tweed's Economics..

Economics in One Lesson
Economics in One Lesson is an introduction to free-market economics written by Henry Hazlitt and published in 1946, based on Frederic Bastiat's essay Ce qu'on voit et ce qu'on ne voit pas (What is Seen and What is Not Seen). The "One Lesson" is stated in Part One of the book: the art of economics..

Economics Letters
Economics Letters is a scholarly peer-reviewed journal of Economics that publishes concise communications (letters) that provide a means of rapid and efficient dissemination of new results, models and methods in all fields of economic research. Published by Elsevier. ..

Economics of biodiversity
There have been a number of economic arguments advanced in favour of biodiversity. Diverse ecosystems are typically more productive than non-diverse ones, because any set of species can never fully exploit all potential niches. Since human economic productivity is largely reliant on earth ecosystem..

Economics of coffee
Top Ten Green Coffee Producers - 2005(million metric ton) 2.18 0.99 0.76 0.68 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.19 World Total 7.72 Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)[link] Coffee is one of the world's most important primary c..

Economics of fascism
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Economics of global warming
The economics of global warming relates to the size and distribution of the economic costs and benefits of global warming and of a variety of actions aimed at the mitigation of global warming. Estimates come from a variety of sources, including integrated assessment models, which seek to combine soc..

Economics of location
In economics, economics of location is a strategy used by firms in a monopolistic competition environment. Unlike a product differentiation strategy, where firms make their products different in order to attract customers, the economics of location strategy causes firms to produce similar or ident..

Economics of security
Contents 1 Economics of Security1.1 Emergence of Economics of Security1.2 Examples of Findings in Economics of Security1.3 Resources in Economics of Security Economics of Security The economics of information security addresses the economic aspects of economics of privacy an..

Economics U$A
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. Economics U$A is a series of videos covering the subjects of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The video..

Economic activism
Economic activism involves using economic power for change. Both conservative and liberal groups use economic activism to boycott companies and organizations that do not agree with their particular political, religious, or social values. Conversely, it also means purchasing from those companies and ..

Economic Affairs Committee
The Economic Affairs Committee of the ECOSOCC deals with financial matters within Africa, like: Economic integration. Monetary and financial affairs. Private sector development, including the informal sector and resource mobilization. The Chairperson of the Committee is Moses Tito Kachima ..

Economic Aid to Maldives
Before the 1980s, the Maldives received limited assistance from UN specialized agencies. Much of the external help came from Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the UAE, for use on an ad hoc basis rather than as part of comprehensive development plan. However, with the developmental co..

Economic alchemy
Paul Zane Pilzer coined the term 'Economic Alchemy' to describe a new paradigm of economics wherein resources are seen as unlimited, and the most powerful means of ecomonic expansion and human advancement are seen as a function of the development, implementation and distribution of new technologies...

Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation Unit
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since June 2006. The HKSAR Government merged..

Economic and human costs of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Jyllands-Posten cartoons controversy Events and reactions TimelineCartoon descriptionsAkkari-Laban DossierNewspaper ReprintsInternational ReactionsOpinionsEconomic & human costsPrimary parties involved Jyllands-PostenIslamisk TrossamfundDenmarkMuslim world[ v]·[ d]&midd..

Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
The Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its name in French, Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale) is an organization of states of Central Africa established to promote economic integration among countries that share a common currency, the CFA fr..

Economic and monetary union
Trade Series International trade History of international trade Trade bloc Free trade area Customs union Trade creation Trade diversion Monetary union Common market Economic and monetary union This article covers the general information on the topic. For information about the EMU of the..

Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
This article covers the EMU of the European Union. For general information on the topic of economic and monetary unions see economic and monetary union. In economics, a monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency among them. The European Economic and..

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844
Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 is a book written April and August 1844 by Karl Marx. Not published by Marx during his lifetime, it was first released in 1932 by researchers in the Soviet Union. The book is an early expression of Marx's analysis of economics and critique of G.W.F. Hege..

Economic and Philosophic Science Review
The Economic and Philosophic Science Review is a British socialist newspaper founded by Royston Bull, formerly a leading member of the Workers Revolutionary Party and industrial correspondent for The Scotsman newspaper. Bull split from the WRP in 1979 and with a small number of his supporters he ..

Economic and political boycotts of Israel
A prominent Palestinian academic, president of Al-Quds University Sari Nusseibeh, has argued against the boycott telling Associated Press "If we are to look at Israeli society, it is within the academic community that we've had the most progressive pro-peace views and views that have come out in f..

Economic and public affairs
Economic and Public Affairs (EPA) is a subject taught in the junior forms of most secondary schools in Hong Kong, either as a separate subject or as a component of combined humanities or combined social studies. The subject is concerned with helping students to develop a basic understanding of econo..

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), located in Bangkok, Thailand, is the regional arm of the United Nations Secretariat for the Asian and Pacific region. Fifty-two countries are members of ESCAP, and there are nine countries which are associate members. ESCAP's regi..

Economic and Social Committee
The European Union's Economic and Social Committee is the consultative assembly of European "social and economic partners". This phrase refers mainly to representatives of business, employers and trade unions. Economic and Social Committee's office in Brussels It was established by the Tr..

Economic and social development of the Communist states
Contents 1 History2 Economic growth3 Living standards4 References History War communism (1917-1921) was the harsh economic policy adopted during the Russian Civil War with the aim of keeping towns and the Red Army supplied with weapons and food. It was later claimed that it ..

Economic and Social Research Council
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is the UK's leading research funding and training agency addressing economic and social concerns. They aim to provide high quality research on issues of importance to business, the public sector and government. ESRC has an international reputation bo..

Economic and Social Research Institute
The Economic and Social Research Institute in Ireland produces research focusing on Ireland's economic and social development in order to inform policy-making and societal understanding. The institute has played a role in national debates since the 1960s, such as joining the Economic and Monetary U..

Economic and Specialist Crime
Formerly known as the Fraud Squad (or by the Specialist Operations designation SO6). Economic and Specialist Crime is an Operational Command Unit of London's Metropolitan Police Service which deals with fraud investigation and prevention, as well as a wide range of other crimes which require specia..

Economic anthropology
Contents 1 Formalism2 Substantivism3 Culturalism4 Critiques of the Approaches5 References6 See also7 External links Economic anthropology is a linking between economic and social life. Similar to evolutionary psychology in that it attempts to use one branch o..

Economic base analysis
Economic base analysis was developed by Robert Murray Haig in his work on the Regional Plan of New York in 1928. Briefly, activities in an area divide into two categories – basic and non-basic. Basic industries are those exporting from the region; non-basic (or service) industries support basic..

Economic Bloc
The Economic Bloc (Ekonomski Blok HDU - Za Boljitak) is a Croatian political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the last legislative elections, 5 october 2002, the party won 1.3 % of the popular vote and 1 seats in the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 2 out of 140 seats in ..

Economic bubble
An economic bubble (sometimes referred to as a "speculative bubble") refers to a market condition, where the prices of commodities or asset classes increase to absurd levels (that no longer reflect utility of usage and purchasing power). It occurs when speculation in the underlying good causes th..

Economic calculation
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. Economic Calculation is, in economics science, the comparison of costs versus benefits to determine if a g..

Economic calculation problem
The economic calculation problem is a criticism of socialist economics. It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in 1920. Those who agree with this criticism claim it is a refutation of socialism and that it shows why a socialist command economy could never work. Contents 1 Liberal thinkers..

Economic collapse
An economic collapse is a devastating breakdown of a national, regional, or territorial economy. A full or near-full economic collapse is often quickly followed by months, years, or even decades of economic depression, social chaos, and civil unrest. Usually this is eventually corrected at least ..

Economic Community of Central African States
The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), in French Communauté Économique des États d'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC), is an organisation for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa. It "aims to achieve collective autonomy, raise the standard of living of its popula..

Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries
The CEPGL is an International Governmental Organization. CEPGL stands for: Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (French) Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (English) Comunidad Económica de los Países de los Grandes Lagos (Spanish) It is a sub-regional organization with m..