Encyclopedia : E : EC : ECO (1254 articles)

---

E-commerce payment systems
Contents 0.1 General Overview0.2 Credit Cards and Smart Cards0.3 Financial Cyber-mediaries0.4 Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment1 Reference General Overview One of the main requirements in e-commerce is the ability to accept a form of electronic payment. This form of..
Eco
Eco or ECO may refer to: Umberto Eco, an authorEco (currency), a proposed currencyThe natural substance of energy and power in the "Jak and Daxter" gamesEncyclopaedia of Chess Openings, a scheme to classify chess openingsEconomic Cooperation Organization, an international organization involving ten..
Eco-action
Eco-action is an international environmental group founded in 1993 by Beth Hollenbeck with the stated aim of "facilitating positive lifestyle change through consumer education and community involvement in environmental issues". An all-volunteer, membership organization, ECO-Action claims it has "..
Eco-anarchism
Part of the Politics series onAnarchism Traditions Anarcha-feminism Anarchist communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Christian anarchism Collectivist anarchism Eco-anarchism Green anarchism Individualist anarchism Anarcho-capitalism(disputed) Anarchism in culture Anarchi..
Eco-capitalism
Eco-capitalism is one of several strategies of the green movement and Green Parties. Its central idea is that capital exists in nature as "natural capital" (self-renewing productive ecosystems that have a measurable ecological yield or tangible benefit to humans) on which all wealth depends. Oth..
Eco-cemetery
An eco-cemetery is also known as a natural burial ground, a woodland cemetery, a memorial nature preserve, or a green burial ground. This growing modern burial practice is an environmentally responsible option that spiritually fulfilling alternative to the conventional funeral. With an eco-cemetery..
Eco-Challenge
Eco-Challenge: The Expedition Race was a multi-day expedition length adventure race competed by teams of four. Eco-Challenge was created by Mark Burnett, inspired by an L.A. Times article about Gerald Fusil's Raid Gauloises adventure race in New Zealand. After purchasing the rights from Fusil, Bu..
Eco-Drive
Eco-Drive is a type of solar powered wrist watches manufactured by the Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. The watches are equipped with a special lithium ion battery that is continuously charged by any light source. The quality of the battery precludes it from being affected from the regular charge/discharge ..
Eco-efficiency
The term eco-efficiency the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in its 1992 publication 'Changing Course' It is based on the concept of creating more goods and services while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution. The 1992 Earth Summit endorsed eco-effic..
Eco-evolution
The term eco-evolution was coined by Donella Meadows to describe "the power to add, change, evolve, or self-organize system structure" which she described as the fourth most powerful way to intervene in a system: Self-organization refers to the capacity of a system to change itself by creating new ..
Eco-imperialism
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one.Please help [[help:link|introduce links]] in articles on [related topics]. After links have been created, remove this message.This article has been tagged since June 2006. } Eco-imperialism describes the negative outcomes of t..
Eco-industrial park
An eco-industrial park (EIP) is a type of industrial park in which businesses cooperate with each other and with the local community in an attempt to reduce waste, efficiently share resources (such as information, materials, water, energy, infrastructure, and natural resources), and produce sustaina..
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is the EU voluntary instrument which acknowledges organisations that improve their [environmental performance] on a continuous basis. EMAS registered organisations are legally compliant, run an environmental management system and report on their en..
Eco-marathon
The Eco-Marathon is an annual competition sponsored by Shell, in which vehicles take fuel consumption to the extreme -- the current record is 12,665 miles per gallon (MPG). (In contrast, the most efficient diesel passenger cars achieve 60 MPG, and some high-powered sportscars achieve as little as 8..
Eco-Money
Eco-Money is the name of many japanese community currencies, used to connect neighbours in obtaining the goods and services they need. In the town of Kuriyama, Hokkaido, for instance, second grader Ami Hasegawa paid 1,000 kurins to get her favorite toy fixed. The Kurin is the local currency that wa..
Eco-san
Eco-san, short for Ecological Sanitation, seeks to address the issues of modern sanitation systems, which are environmentally destructive. Current thinking sees excrement as waste and a problem. Modern flush toilets simply transfer human excrement using large quantities of water, where it needs to..
Eco-Schools
Eco-Schools is an international program of environmental and sustainable developmental education for schools. Contents 1 Beginnings2 Participation and awards3 Process4 Links5 External links Beginnings The program was developed in 1994 in response to the need to involve..
Eco-socialism
Part of the Politics series on Socialism Currents Democratic socialism Christian socialism Communism Libertarian socialism Social democracy Revolutionary socialism Influences Owenism Marxism Anarchism Trade unionism Ideas Egalitarianism Democracy Mixed economy Planned economy ..
Eco-somatics
Eco-somatics is a term used by movement artist and dance movement therapist Sandra Reeve in her [Move Into Life] work. It describes an ecological approach to the body-mind in movement and starts always from movement rather than from a static view. Eco-somatics encourages the development ..
Eco-sufficiency
Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption (=decoupling/delinking). Given a very loose rela..
Eco-terrorism
TerrorismGeneral Definitions Conventions Counterterrorism War on Terrorism Lists Organizations Incidents Types Nationalist Religious State State-sponsored Racist Narcoterrorism Anarchist Political Eco-terrorism Tactics Hijacking Assassination IED (bomb) Car bombing S..
Eco-warrior
The term eco-warrior is used to describe an environmental activist that adopts a "hands-on" effort to save or salvage a plot of land, or to advance some ecological ideology. An eco-warrior can be someone as mundane and non-confrontational as a tree sitter or someone who engages in direct action, ..
Ecoair International
Ecoair International was an airline based in Algeria. Code Data IATA Code: 9HICAO Code: DEI Lists of Aircraft | Aircraft manufacturers | Aircraft engines | Aircraft engine manufacturers | Airlines | Air forces | Aircraft weapons | Missiles | Timeline of aviation ..
Ecobot
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. An ecobot is a fly-eating mechanical device that can generates its own power. External links [The ro..
Ecocentrism
Ecocentrism is a philosophy that recognizes that the Ecosphere, rather than any individual organism, is the source and support of all life and as such advises a holistic and eco-centric approach to government, industry, and individual.[link]. Although in theory every educated person know..
Ecocide
Ecocide is the killing of an ecosystem, which includes consuming it and using it to feed some other process or system - ecophagy. There are however ways to render an ecosystem not viable that do not require consuming or crushing all of its parts. It is thus a serious mistake to assume that measure..
Ecocide (album)
Ecocide is the debut album by the Dutch death metal band Polluted Inheritance. The album was released in 1993 on Andy Classen's label West Virginia Records. Track listing "Faces" (3:53)"Dissolved" (4:09)"Eaten" (2:40)"Memories of Sadness" (3:41)"Substance of Existence" (3:43)"Fear" (4:20)"St..
Ecocities
..
Ecocomposition
Ecocomposition is a way of looking at literacy using the concepts from ecology. It is a post-process theory of writing instruction that tries to account for factors beyond hierarchically defined goals within social settings. However, it doesn't dismiss these goals. Rather, it incorporates them with..
Ecocriticism
Ecocriticism began in the mid-1990s as the study of the relationship between literature and the natural environment. Ecocriticism was heralded by the publication of two seminal works, both published in 1996: The Ecocriticism Reader, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, and The Environme..
Ecodefense
Cover of the 1987 second edition Ecodefense: A Field Guide To Monkeywrenching is a book edited by Dave Foreman, with a foreward by Edward Abbey. The first two editions were published by Ned Ludd Books, and a third edition was published by Abbzug Press. The book was first published in 1985. ..
Ecodesign
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since June 2006. The aim of ecodesign is to ..
Ecodriving
Ecodriving is a term used in Europe to name initiative which support energy efficient use of vehicles. The campaigns include training courses with hands on training- fuel gauges etc. External links [Ecodriving for Busses][European initiative] ..
EcoDuro
right EcoDuro, Inc. is a manufacturing, engineering and marketing company that holds patents in the major industrial companies for its unique engineered paper pallets. EcoDuro is a company that is focused on developing products for sustainable business practices. --> EcoDuro's standard ..
Ecodynamics
Ecodynamics is a part of applied economics. It covers the lore of the monetary value, the usage of money and the money flow. It deals with labour and capital. References Ecodynamics : a new theory of societal evolution / by Kenneth E. Boulding- Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publ., 1981. ISBN 08039168..
Ecofascism
Ecofascism is a term used in two different ways: (1) For specific elements of radical environmentalism which are openly affiliated with neo-fascism, or which share conceptual similarities with fascist theories. It is used critically from an external source, and somewhat less commonly used from wit..
Ecofeminism
Ecofeminism is a social and political movement which unites environmentalism and feminism, with some currents linking deep ecology and feminism. Ecofeminists argue that a relationship exists between the oppression of women and the degradation of nature, and explore the intersectionality between sex..
Ecoforestry
Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. Destructive practices like clearcutting, high grading, and pesticides are not permitted.2 External links [Protect an..
Ecofys
Ecofys is a company specialised in research and consultancy on energy saving and renewable energy. Ecofys was established in 1984 and is now part of the Econcern group. Ecofys has offices in seven countries in Europe and employs over 200 people. The international headquarter is in Utrecht, the Net..
ECOGRA
eCOGRA (e-Commerce Online Gambling Regulation and Assurance) is the self-regulatory body of the online gaming world. A non-profit organization, eCOGRA was established to create standards for fair gaming, responsible operator conduct, and player protection throughout the $12 billion a year online ga..
EcoHealth
EcoHealth is an emerging field of study researching how changes in the earth’s ecosystems are impacting human health. EcoHealth examines changes in the biological, physical, social and economic environments and relates these changes to impacts upon human health. Examples of these changes and their..
EcoHomes
EcoHomes is an environmental rating scheme for homes in the United Kingdom. It is the domestic version of the Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method BREEAM, which can also be applied to a variety of non-residential buildings. EcoHomes can be applied to new private and s..
Ecohydrology
Ecohydrology is a sub-discipline of hydrology that focuses on ecological processes involved in the hydrological cycle. These processes generally occur within the soil and plant foliage, and so emphasis is put on transpiration and thermodynamic energy balance at the land surface. Contents 1 K..
Ecoinformatics
Ecoinformatics is the science of information (Informatics) in Ecology and Environmental science. It aims to a synthesis of the sciences of the environment and of information that defines the entities and processes of natural systems with a language that both humans and computers can process. A few..
Ecolab
Ecolab, Inc. NYSE: [ECL] is a St. Paul, Minnesota based sanitation supply company founded in 1923. Ecolab provides supplies to restaurants, hospitals, food and beverage plants, laundries, schools, retail and commercial properties. The company operates in nearly 170 countries and employs m..
Ecolabel
Ecolabel is a labelling system for consumer products (also food stuff) that are made in fashion to avoid detrimental effects on the environment. Usually both the precautionary principle and the substitution principle are used when defining the rules for what products can be ecolabelled. Many (but no..
Ecolect
An ecolect is a language variety unique to a household (from the Greek eco (oikos) for house, as in economy or ecology, and lect for language). An ecolect probably evolves from an idiolect, which is individual specific, when other household members adopt that individual's unique words and phrases, ..
Ecole Française de Belgrade
Ecole Française de Belgrade (Serbian: Француска Школа у Београду) is an international French school in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is composed of a preschool (maternelle), primary school (école primaire), junior high (collège), and high school (lycée). It was found..
Ecole Frank Ross Elementary School
Ecole Frank Ross Elementary is a public elementary school in Dawson Creek, British Columbia part of School District 59 Peace River South. ..
Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois
The École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois (ENSTIB) is a French grande école located in Épinal in Lorraine, which is one of the biggest forested region of France. Studies are oriented to the wood industry and technologies - everything that is related to wood as a c..
Ecole Nissim de Camondo
The Ecole Nissim de Camondo is a five-year school of environmental design and interior architecture, located in Paris, France. Although a private school, graduates are recognized as architects by the French state. Notable Former Students Pierre Paulin, designerJean-Michel Wilmotte, urban des..
Ecole Riverdale Elementary School
Ecole Riverdale Elementary is a public elementary school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. ..
Ecole Supérieure des Arts du Cirque
The Ecole Supérieure des Arts du Cirque is a professional circus school located in Brussels, Belgium. In September 2003, the college was officially recognized by the “Communauté française de Belgique” and became the 17th institute of Higher Education in the Arts. ESAC offers 3 year full tim..
Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Rennes
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since June 2006. The École Supérieure de..
Ecolinguistics
Ecolingusitics emerged in the 1990’s as a new paradigm of linguistic research which took into account not only the social context in which language is embedded, but also the ecological context in which societies are embedded. Michael Halliday’s 1990 paper New ways of meaning: the challenge to ap..
Ecolo
Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Europe Ideas in the Global Greens Charter: ecological wisdom social justice participatory democracy nonviolence sust..
Ecological and Environmental Movement
Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Europe Ideas in the Global Greens Charter: ecological wisdom social justice participatory democracy nonviolence susta..
Ecological anthropology
Ecological anthropology deals with human-environmental (nature-culture) relationships over time and space. It investigates the ways that a population shapes its environment and the subsequent manners in which these relations form the population’s social, economic, and political life (Salzman and A..
Ecological burial
Ecological burial is a method of disposing of a corpse that produces less environmental disruption than a conventional burial. One particular method is a sequence of deep-freezing, pulverisation by vibration, freeze-drying, removing metals, and burying the resulting powder, which has 30% of the bod..
Ecological collapse
Ecological Collapse refers to a situation where an ecosystem suffers a drastic, if not permanent, reduction in carrying capacity for all organisms, often resulting in mass extinction. Usually, an ecological collapse can be precipitated by a disastrous event occurring on a small time scale, such as t..
Ecological community
The term ecological community can refer to two different things: A biocoenosis, sometimes called an ecological community, refers to all the interacting organisms living together in a specific habitat.An ecovillage, sometimes called an ecological community, is an intentional community organized arou..
Ecological correlation
An ecological correlation is a correlation between two variables that are group means, in contrast to a correlation between two variables that describe individuals. For example, one might study the correlation between physical activity and weight among sixth-grade children. A study at the individu..
Ecological crisis
An ecological crisis occurs when the environment of a species or a population changes in a way that destablizes its continued survival. There are many possible causes of such crises: It may be that the environment quality degrades compared to the species' needs, after a change of abiotic ecologica..
Ecological debt
Ecological debt is a term used to describe an imbalance between one's perceived "fair share" of natural resources and one's actual usage of those resources. If you take more than your fair share of the earth's finite natural resources you run up an ecological debt. If you have a lifestyle that pu..
Ecological Democratic Party
ÖDP symbol The Ecological Democratic Party (German: Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei, ÖDP) is an environmentalist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1982 by former members of the German Green Party. The ÖDP combines issues which are not often found together: environmental and fai..
Ecological economics
Ecological economics is a branch of economics that addresses the interdependence and co-evolution between human economies and natural ecosystems. It has similarities to green economics and human development theory. These schools also embrace integration among diverse intellectual thoughts, and deem ..
Ecological effects of biodiversity
The diversity of species and genes in ecological communities affects the functioning of these communities. These ecological effects of biodiversity in turn affect both climate change through enhanced greenhouse gases, aerosols and loss of land cover, and biological diversity, causing a rapid loss of..
Ecological energetics
Ecological energetics is the quantitative study of the flow of energy through ecological systems. It aims to uncover the principles which describe the propensity of such energy flows through the trophic, or 'energy availing' levels of ecological networks. In Systems Ecology the principles of ecosyst..
Ecological engineering
Ecological Engineering is the emerging field of the use of ecological processes within natural or constructed imitation of natural systems to achieve engineering goals. It has also been described as "the design of sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with its natural environment for ..
Ecological engineering methods
Ecological Engineering Methods (also known as Biological Engineering or ECO-Engineering) is when researchers try to tap biologically-based energy sources. Some projects include engineering new organisms that produce hydrogen from water and sunlight in environmentally friendly ways with no waste p..
Ecological facilitation
Facilitation describes species interactions that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither (Stachowicz 2001). Facilitations can be categorized as mutualisms, in which both species benefit, or commensalisms, in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected. Much of..
Ecological fallacy
The ecological fallacy is a widely recognised error in the interpretation of statistical data, whereby inferences about the nature of individuals are based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which those individuals belong. This fallacy assumes that all members of a group exh..
Ecological footprint
An ecological footprint is the amount of land and water area a person or a human population would need to provide the resources required to sustainably support itself and to absorb its wastes, given prevailing technology. The term was first coined in 1996 by Canadian ecologist William Rees and Mathi..
Ecological funeral
An ecological funeral, also known as promession, is a method for allowing the body of the deceased to decompose in an environmentally-friendly way. It was invented and patented in 1999 by the Swedish biologist Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak. The following three steps characterize the method: Reducing the bod..
Ecological genetics
For the book see Ecological Genetics (book) Ecological genetics is the study of genetics on an ecological scale. While molecular genetics studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level, ecological genetics (and the related field of population genetics) studies wild populations of ..
Ecological Genetics (book)
Ecological Genetics is a 1964 book by the British ecological geneticist E.B. Ford on ecological genetics. Ford founded the field and it is considered his magnum opus. An enlarged edition followed in 1975. The book includes contributions from Miriam Rothschild, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Bryan Clarke....
Ecological goods and services
Ecological goods and services or EGS are benefits provided to humans from ecosystems. Examples include water supply and purification, flood protection, food production, erosion protection, and climate regulation. Ecological goods and services impact human well-being through the provision of basic ..
Ecological health
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Ecological health or ecological integrity or ecological damage is used to refer to symptoms of an ecosystem's p..
Ecological humanities
The ecological humanities is a recent development by Deborah Bird Rose and colleagues in the humanities which has grown out of the concerns of radical ecocentric political theory. The aim of the ecological humanities is to bridge the divides between the sciences and the humanities, and between Weste..
Ecological imperialism
Ecological Imperialism is, quite simply, the idea that the European conquest of the New World was more a matter of the introduced plants, animals, and diseases that accompanied the Europeans than their technology or weaponry. The idea was popularized in the Alfred Crosby text of the same name. ..
Ecological indicator
Ecological indicators are used to communicate information about ecosystems and the impact human activity has on ecosystems to groups such as the public or government policy makers. Ecosystems are complex and ecological indicators can help describe them in simpler terms that can be understood and us..
Ecological Intelligent Design
The Ecological Intelligent Design strategy of Michael Braungart, an ecological chemist, and Bill McDonough, an architect and designer, applies to both products and buildings. It is touted as a way to achieve better environmental management by simple distinctions instead of big "systems". EID defin..
Ecological interface design
Ecological interface design (EID) is an approach to interface design that was introduced specifically for complex sociotechnical, real-time, and dynamic systems. It has been applied in a variety of domains including process control (e.g. nuclear power plants, petrochemical plants), aviation, and med..
Ecological island
Contents 1 Definition2 Background3 Offshore Islands4 Ecological Islands5 See also Definition An Ecological Island is not necessarily an island surrounded by water, but is an area of land, isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land, where: a natura..
Ecological land classification
Ecological land classification is defined as being a cartographical delineation of distinct ecological areas, identified by their geology, topography, soils, vegetation, climate conditions, living species, water resources, as well as anthropic factors. These factors are known to control or influen..
Ecological living
Ecological living is a life philosophy. Proponents of ecological living aim to conduct their lives in such a way that they have an all-encompassing awareness of earth and its processes. Each choice made under such a way of life requires a consideration of the consequences of the choice, and the wa..
Ecological Metadata Language
Ecological Metadata Language (EML) is a metadata standard developed by and for the ecology discipline. It is based on prior work done by the Ecological Society of America and associated efforts. EML is largely designed to describe digital resources, however, it may also be used to describe non-digi..
Ecological model of competition
The ecological model of competition is a reassessment of the nature of competition in the economy. Traditional economics models the economy on the principles of physics (force, equilibrium, inertia, momentum, and linear relationships). This can be seen in the economics lexicon : terms like labour fo..
Ecological modernization
This article lacks information on the [Importanceimportance] of the subject matter. If you are familiar with it, please expand the article, or discuss its significance on the talk page. Ecological modernization is an optimistic environmental discourse. Proponents of ecological modernizatio..
Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem. More formally, the niche includes how a population responds to the abundance of its resources and enemies (e. g., by growing when resources are abundant, and predators, parasites and pathogen..
Ecological Postmodernism
Ecological Postmodernism describes a system of social development that is a departure from the socialist and capitalist industrial systems. Ecological Postmodernism seeks the integration of a sustainable social ecology and natural ecology. The Term The term Ecological Postmodernism can be found in..
Ecological psychology
Ecological psychology (EP) is a term claimed by a number of schools of psychology. However, the two main ones are one on the writings of J. J. Gibson, and another on the work of Roger G. Barker, Herb Wright and associates at the University of Kansas in Lawrence. It should be noted that whereas Gibso..
Ecological pyramid
An Ecological Pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the relationship between energy and trophic levels of a given ecosystem. Most commonly, this relationship is demonstrated through the number of individuals at a given trophic level, the amount of biomass at a given trophic level,..
Ecological sanitation
Ecological Sanitation One person produces about 500 litres of urine and only 50 litres of faeces per year. If collected with low dilution this small amount can be sanitized and converted to fertilizer and in many cases to energy (biogas) in addition. The same person, having access to tap water, p..
Ecological selection
Ecological selection (or environmental selection or survival selection or individual selection or asexual selection) refers to natural selection minus sexual selection, i.e. strictly ecological processes that operate on a species' inherited traits without reference to mating or secondary sex charact..
Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional society for ecologists located in the United States. The society was formed at a meeting at Columbus Ohio, on December 28,1915, with the aims to: promote ecological science by improving communication among ecologists;raise the public's leve..
Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland
The Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland (Gesellschaft für Ökologie - GfÖ) is an independent, nonprofit scientific organisation founded in 1970. The society aims to: promote basic and applied ecological scienceencourage collaborative work of all ecological disciplinesimprove ..
Ecological stability
The word stability has a number of technical meanings in various fields Ecological Stability can take on any connotation in a continuum ranging from resilience (returning quickly to a previous state) to constancy (lack of change) to persistence (simply not going extinct). The precise definition de..
Ecological stoichiometry
Ecological stoichiometry is the balance of multiple chemical substances in ecological interactions and processes, or the study of this balance. The term also sometimes refers to the balance of energy and materials. Similar to chemical stoichiometry, it is based on mass balance and laws of definite ..
Ecological succession
Secondary succession: trees are colonizing uncultivated fields and meadows. Ecological succession, a fundamental concept in ecology, refers to more-or-less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community. Succession may be initiated either by formati..
Ecological validity
For the ecological validity of a cue in perception, see ecological validity (perception). Ecological validity is a form of validity in an experiment. In order for an experiment to possess ecological validity, the methods, materials and setting of the experiment must approximate the real-life situati..
Ecological validity (perception)
For ecological validity as a type of experimental validity, see ecological validity. The ecological validity of a cue in perception is the correlation between the cue (something an organism might be able measure from the proximal stimulus) and a property of the world (some aspect of the distal stimu..
Ecological wisdom
Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Europe Ideas in the Global Greens Charter: ecological wisdom social justice participatory democracy nonviolence susta..
Ecological yield
Ecological yield is the harvestable growth of an ecosystem. It is most commonly measured in forestry - in fact sustainable forestry is defined as that which does not harvest more wood in a year than has grown in that year, within a given patch of forest. However, the concept is also applicable to ..
Ecologics
redirect [[Template:Importance]]redirect [[Template:Not verified]] Ecologics ([Ikologiks]) is defined as a cumulative-progressive system (science) of philosophical thought or study into universal phenomenlogical knowledge; within the context of integrated dialectical, metaphysical, revoluti..
Ecologic Foundation
The Ecologic Foundation is based in Nelson, New Zealand. The Foundation has its origins in the 1975 Beech Forest Action Council, then the Native Forest Action Council, and the Maruia Society. The group describes itself as a think tank and advertises themselves as ‘responsible’ environmentali..
Ecologists Greece
Ecologist Greece (Οικολόγοι Ελλάδας) is a Greek political party, founded in 1988. It is led by Konstantinos Papanikolas. The party publishes the magazine Health and Ecology (Υγεία - Οικολογία) and runs the television station Telelight (Τηλεφώς). It also used t..
Ecologist Greens
The Ecologist Greens (OIKOLOGOI PRASINOI) are a Greek political party. They were founded in December 2002. They are a member of the European Federation of Green Parties and include the former member Green Politics (PRASINI POLITIKI). External links [Official web site] ..
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
Partido Verde Ecologista de México PVEM Leader Jorge Emilio González Torres Founded May 14, 1993 Headquarters Political Ideology Green International Affiliation Global Greens Continental Affiliation FGPA Colours green Website [www.pvem.org.mx] See ..
Ecologist Party "The Greens"
More information on politics and government of Portugal can be found at the Politics and government of Portugal series. Part of the Politics series onGreen politics Green issues Worldwide green parties (list): Global Greens · Africa · Americas · Asia-Pacific · Eur..
Ecologist Party for the Development of Burkina
The Ecological Party for the Development of Burkina (French: Parti Écologiste pour le Développement du Burkina, PEDB) is a political party in Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta) founded in 2003. The president of the PEDB is Yacouba Touré. ..
Ecologist Party of Romania
Partidul Ecologist Român Leader Cornel Protopopescu Founded March 2003 Headquarters Calea Călăraşilor 51Bucharest Political Ideology Green politics International Affiliation none European Affiliation none Colours Green Website See also Politics of Romania P..
Ecology
Ernst Haeckel coined the term oekologie in 1866. Ecology, or ecological science, is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. The environment of a..
Ecologyfund.com
Contents 1 Summary of function2 Importance3 How this particular \"click to donate\" website operates4 Extra incentives to click to donate on this site5 External link Summary of function Ecologyfund.com is a click to donate site which is owned and operated by the Hunger Si..
Ecology (disciplines)
Ecology is a broad biological science and can thus be divided into many sub-disciplines using various criteria. For example, one such categorization, based on overall complexity (from the least complex to the most), is: Behavioral ecology, which studies the ecological and evolutionary basis for an..
Ecology (journal)
Ecology is a scientific journal (not to be confused with the Journal of Ecology) concerning ecology. It was founded in 1920. It is published by the Ecological Society of America. External links [Official website][Ecology] archived at JSTOR ..
Ecology and evolutionary biology
Some U.S. universities are home to degree programs entitled Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, offering integrated studies in the disciplines of ecology and evolutionary biology. Example Programs [Cornell University][Iowa State University][University of Arizona][U..
Ecology block
Ecology block An ecology block is a large concrete block with a groove in the bottom face and a tongue on the top face to eliminate slippage when they are stacked. There is also a steel loop on the top face to facilitate lifting. The blocks are stacked in an offset manner to create a wall for ..
Ecology Building Society
Ecology Building Society is a Building Society in the UK. Established in 1981 the Ecology is one of the fastest growing building societies in the country. Based in West Yorkshire, it has over 10,000 open accounts and assets exceeding £60m. The initial vision was to set up a building society that ..
Ecology Coatings
An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy one of the guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia on one of the following topics: [Notability Academics] ([Notability proposed])[Notability Biographies][Notability Books] (&#..
Ecology Functional Groups
In ecology functional groups are collections of organisms based on morphological, physiological, behavioral, biochemical, or environmental responses or on trophic criteria. ..
Ecology movement
The global ecology movement is one of several new social movements that emerged at the end of the sixties; as a values-driven social movement, it should be distinguished from the pre-existing science of ecology. The movement's growth has been stimulated by a widespread acknowledgement of an ecologi..
Ecology of Africa
Flora The vegetation of Africa follows very closely the distribution of heat and moisture. The northern and southern temperate zones have a flora distinct from that of the continent generally, which is tropical. In the countries bordering the Mediterranean are groves of oranges and olive trees, ev..
Ecology of California
The ecology of California is diverse. California's high mountains block most moisture from reaching the eastern parts of the state, which are home to California's desert and xeric shrub ecoregions. The low desert of southeastern California is part of the Sonoran desert ecoregion, which extends into..
Ecology of Hong Kong
This article is part of the Geography of Hong Kong series Climate Ecology Country parks and conservation Beaches Rivers Bays Islands and peninsulas Administrative divisions Cities and towns AreasBuildings and structures The ecology of Hong Kong is mostly affected by the results of climat..
Ecology of Sri Lanka
The Ecology of Sri Lanka is unique, caused by its geographical position and by its geological and climatic history. The island is one of the world's bio-diversity hot-spots. Sri Lanka was once part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, which also included South America, Africa, India and Anta..
Ecology of the Oak Ridges Moraine
The Hooded Warbler is a threatened species in Canada. Happy Valley Forests is one of the few remaining Canadian habitats for this species. The Oak Ridges Moraine lies in Southern Ontario, Canada. It contains the headwaters of sixty-five rivers and streams. It has a wide diversity of woodland..
Ecology of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago has some of the richest natural communities in the Caribbean. Unlike most of the islands of the Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago supports a primarily South American flora and fauna. As a result, Trinidad and Tobago is richer in plant and animal species than is the rest of the Car..
Ecolojovem
Ecolojovem is the youth wing of Ecologist Party "The Greens" in Portugal. Ecolojovem was founded on February 25 1989. It forms part of Juventude CDU and the National Youth Council. Ecolojovem is also a member of the Federation of Young European Greens. ..
Ecomagination
e•co•mag•i•na•tion (ē’kō-măj’e-nā’shun) (n.) GE’s commitment to products that benefit customers and society at large. Ecomagination is GE's (General Electric) growth strategy to design and build products that benefit customers and society. It is based on four commitments: 1)..
Ecomm Pty Ltd
Ecomm Pty Limited is an e-commerce integration company offering internet business solutions in multiple languages, provider integration, retail financial transactions and data distribution. See Asia Corporate News Network a Pan-Asian Newswire. History Australian Company Number: 084329911 Location:..
ECOMOG
Map of ECOMOG members as of 2005. Ghanian ECOMOG troops embarking a United States Air Force C-130E Hercules (1997) A Nigerian ECOMOG soldier outside Monrovia, Liberia (1997) Mali army troops guarding MiG-21s (1997) ECOMOG is a West African multilateral armed force establishe..
Ecomoni
is a J-pop group from the Hello! Project. Originally founded in the summer of 2004 with Sayumi Michishige (from Morning Musume) and Rika Ishikawa (from v-u-den) as members. The goal of the group is to promote environmental awereness. Contents 1 Self-introduction of Ecomoni2 History3&n..
ECompanies
eCompanies purchased Business.com in 1999 for $7.5 Million from Marc Ostrofsky, setting a record for the sale of a domain name. It is based in Santa Monica, California. Vested interests in: Boingojamdatusbxbusiness.com External links [official site] ..
EComStation
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. redirect [[Template:Not verified]] eComStation is based on the PC operating system OS/2, and is published by Serenity Systems International, ..
Ecomuseum
An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance local communities welfare and development. There are presently about 300 operating ecomuseums in the world; about 200 are in Europe (mainly in France and Italy). Contents 1&..
Econazole
Econazole nitrate is an antifungal medication of the imidazole class. It is used as a cream under the brand names Spectazole® (US) and Ecostatin® (Canada) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. It is also sold in Canada under the brand name Ecostatin Vagin..
Econet
This is about the network protocol. For the mobile phone company, see Econet Wireless. Econet is an abbreviation of Economy Network. It was used in the early 1980s by Acorn to provide computer networking for the BBC Micro. Modules were later produced for the BBC Master and Master Compact models, w..
Econet LAN
Econet was a proprietary local area network used on Acorn computers. It was introduced on the Acorn Atom computer in about 1984, and became popular for classroom networks. Electrically, the network was a serial bus carried on two pairs of wires (one pair for data, the other for the clock), with a ..
Econet Wireless
Zimbabwe's principal mobile or cell phone company was established by the Zimbabwean businessman, Strive Masiyiwa. It is now the nation's largest cell phone network having captured 43% of the market share. Econet Wireless also operates networks in Nigeria, Lesotho, Botswana, Malta , New Zealand and B..
Econfina River State Park
Econfina River State Park is one of Florida's State Parks, located on the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Econfina River. It consists of 3,377 acres (14 km²) of varied landscapes. From pine flatwoods to oak/palm forests, to broad expanses of salt marsh dotted with pine islands, this park off..
EconMult
EconMult is a general fleet model to be used in fisheries modelling. EconMult has been developed since 1991 as a part of the Multispecies management programme by the Norwegian Research Council at the Norwegian College of Fishery Science (University of Tromsø, Norway). Contents 1 Model resol..
Econoblog
An Econoblog is a blog concerning economics. Examples [econoblog.blogspot.com][Boston Herald][Geoff Riley's Economics Blog][EconLog][Marginal Revolution]..
Econobox
1985 Austin Rover Mini An econobox is a slang term for any of a series of small, boxy, fuel efficient automobiles with few luxuries, usually with a three-door hatchback format and front wheel drive. Possibly the first econobox was the Austin Mini, first built in England in 1959. One of the b..
Econochrist
Econochrist was a hardcore punk band signed to both Truant Records and Ebullition Records. They moved from Arkansas to the San Francisco Bay Area to become part of the punk music scene there. Disbanded in the early 1990s, the group was composed of singer Ben Sizemore, aka Ben Econochrist, drummer ..
Econofoods
The Dubuque, Iowa Econofoods. Econofoods is a chain of grocery stores located in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Econofoods is part of the Nash Finch Company, and is one of several supermarket brands operated by the company. The company is based out of Minnea..
Econoline Crush
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Econoline Crush was an industrial alternative rock band from Vancouver, Canada formed in 1992. Though origina..
Econometrica
Econometrica is a prestigious academic journal of economics, publishing articles in not only econometrics but in many areas of economics. It is published by The Econometric Society via Blackwell Publishing. The current editor of Econometrica is Eddie Dekel. It describes itself as Econometrica pub..
Econometrics
Econometrics literally means 'economic measurement'. It is a combination of mathematical economics, statistics, economic statistics and economic theory. The two main purposes of econometrics are to give empirical content to economic theory and also to empirically verify economic theory. For exa..
Econometric model
Econometric models are used by economists to find standard relationships among aspects of the macroeconomy and use those relationships to predict the effects of certain events (like government policies) on inflation, unemployment, growth, etc... Econometric models generally have a short-run aggregat..
Econometric Society
The Econometric Society The Econometric Society, an International Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory in its Relation with Statistics and Mathematics was founded on December 29, 1930 at the Stalton Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio. The sixteen founding members were: Ragnar Frisch, Charles F. Ro..
Econometric Theory
Econometric Theory is a economic journal specialising in econometrics. Its editor is Peter Phillips. According to research in 2003 it is the seventh most important economic journal. Source Kalaitzidakis, P. T. P. Mamueas and T. Stengos (2003). Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Econo..
Economic, Social and Cultural Council
The Economic, Social and Cultural Council is an advisory body of the African Union charged with overseeing the development of those particular areas within the continent. To this end 10 Sectoral Cluster Committees were established to highlight these areas: Peace and Security CommittteePolitical Aff..
Economical with the truth
The phrase economical with the truth came into popular usage after if was used by British Cabinet Secretary Robert Armstrong during the Spycatcher trial in 1986. ..
Economics
Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala. Economics is a social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. [link] The word "economics" is from the Greek οἶ..
Economics (textbook)
Economics is a textbook by American economists Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus. It was first published in 1948, and has appeared in eighteen different editions, the most recent in 2004. The book has been translated into forty-one languages and in total sold over four-million copies. Economics..
Economics and patents
..
Economics and Statistics Administration
The Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that produces, analyzes and disseminates national economic and demographic data. Its three primary missions are the following: Maintain the highest possible quality Federal statistical system ..
Economics game
An economics game is a game based on working with a simulation of the elements of an economic structure. Notable economics games: Monopoly[Informatist]Capitalism[Capitalism 2][The Global Economics Game]Jones In The Fast Lane Tweed's Economics..
Economics in One Lesson
Economics in One Lesson is an introduction to free-market economics written by Henry Hazlitt and published in 1946, based on Frederic Bastiat's essay Ce qu'on voit et ce qu'on ne voit pas (What is Seen and What is Not Seen). The "One Lesson" is stated in Part One of the book: the art of economics..
Economics Letters
Economics Letters is a scholarly peer-reviewed journal of Economics that publishes concise communications (letters) that provide a means of rapid and efficient dissemination of new results, models and methods in all fields of economic research. Published by Elsevier. ..
Economics of biodiversity
There have been a number of economic arguments advanced in favour of biodiversity. Diverse ecosystems are typically more productive than non-diverse ones, because any set of species can never fully exploit all potential niches. Since human economic productivity is largely reliant on earth ecosystem..
Economics of coffee
Top Ten Green Coffee Producers - 2005(million metric ton) 2.18 0.99 0.76 0.68 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.19 World Total 7.72 Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)[link] Coffee is one of the world's most important primary c..
Economics of fascism
..
Economics of global warming
The economics of global warming relates to the size and distribution of the economic costs and benefits of global warming and of a variety of actions aimed at the mitigation of global warming. Estimates come from a variety of sources, including integrated assessment models, which seek to combine soc..
Economics of location
In economics, economics of location is a strategy used by firms in a monopolistic competition environment. Unlike a product differentiation strategy, where firms make their products different in order to attract customers, the economics of location strategy causes firms to produce similar or ident..
Economics of security
Contents 1 Economics of Security1.1 Emergence of Economics of Security1.2 Examples of Findings in Economics of Security1.3 Resources in Economics of Security Economics of Security The economics of information security addresses the economic aspects of economics of privacy an..
Economics U$A
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. Economics U$A is a series of videos covering the subjects of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The video..
Economic activism
Economic activism involves using economic power for change. Both conservative and liberal groups use economic activism to boycott companies and organizations that do not agree with their particular political, religious, or social values. Conversely, it also means purchasing from those companies and ..
Economic Affairs Committee
The Economic Affairs Committee of the ECOSOCC deals with financial matters within Africa, like: Economic integration. Monetary and financial affairs. Private sector development, including the informal sector and resource mobilization. The Chairperson of the Committee is Moses Tito Kachima ..
Economic Aid to Maldives
Before the 1980s, the Maldives received limited assistance from UN specialized agencies. Much of the external help came from Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the UAE, for use on an ad hoc basis rather than as part of comprehensive development plan. However, with the developmental co..
Economic alchemy
Paul Zane Pilzer coined the term 'Economic Alchemy' to describe a new paradigm of economics wherein resources are seen as unlimited, and the most powerful means of ecomonic expansion and human advancement are seen as a function of the development, implementation and distribution of new technologies...
Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation Unit
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since June 2006. The HKSAR Government merged..
Economic and human costs of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Jyllands-Posten cartoons controversy Events and reactions TimelineCartoon descriptionsAkkari-Laban DossierNewspaper ReprintsInternational ReactionsOpinionsEconomic & human costsPrimary parties involved Jyllands-PostenIslamisk TrossamfundDenmarkMuslim world[ v]·[ d]&midd..
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
The Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its name in French, Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale) is an organization of states of Central Africa established to promote economic integration among countries that share a common currency, the CFA fr..
Economic and monetary union
Trade Series International trade History of international trade Trade bloc Free trade area Customs union Trade creation Trade diversion Monetary union Common market Economic and monetary union This article covers the general information on the topic. For information about the EMU of the..
Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
This article covers the EMU of the European Union. For general information on the topic of economic and monetary unions see economic and monetary union. In economics, a monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency among them. The European Economic and..
Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844
Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 is a book written April and August 1844 by Karl Marx. Not published by Marx during his lifetime, it was first released in 1932 by researchers in the Soviet Union. The book is an early expression of Marx's analysis of economics and critique of G.W.F. Hege..
Economic and Philosophic Science Review
The Economic and Philosophic Science Review is a British socialist newspaper founded by Royston Bull, formerly a leading member of the Workers Revolutionary Party and industrial correspondent for The Scotsman newspaper. Bull split from the WRP in 1979 and with a small number of his supporters he ..
Economic and political boycotts of Israel
A prominent Palestinian academic, president of Al-Quds University Sari Nusseibeh, has argued against the boycott telling Associated Press "If we are to look at Israeli society, it is within the academic community that we've had the most progressive pro-peace views and views that have come out in f..
Economic and public affairs
Economic and Public Affairs (EPA) is a subject taught in the junior forms of most secondary schools in Hong Kong, either as a separate subject or as a component of combined humanities or combined social studies. The subject is concerned with helping students to develop a basic understanding of econo..
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), located in Bangkok, Thailand, is the regional arm of the United Nations Secretariat for the Asian and Pacific region. Fifty-two countries are members of ESCAP, and there are nine countries which are associate members. ESCAP's regi..
Economic and Social Committee
The European Union's Economic and Social Committee is the consultative assembly of European "social and economic partners". This phrase refers mainly to representatives of business, employers and trade unions. Economic and Social Committee's office in Brussels It was established by the Tr..
Economic and social development of the Communist states
Contents 1 History2 Economic growth3 Living standards4 References History War communism (1917-1921) was the harsh economic policy adopted during the Russian Civil War with the aim of keeping towns and the Red Army supplied with weapons and food. It was later claimed that it ..
Economic and Social Research Council
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is the UK's leading research funding and training agency addressing economic and social concerns. They aim to provide high quality research on issues of importance to business, the public sector and government. ESRC has an international reputation bo..
Economic and Social Research Institute
The Economic and Social Research Institute in Ireland produces research focusing on Ireland's economic and social development in order to inform policy-making and societal understanding. The institute has played a role in national debates since the 1960s, such as joining the Economic and Monetary U..
Economic and Specialist Crime
Formerly known as the Fraud Squad (or by the Specialist Operations designation SO6). Economic and Specialist Crime is an Operational Command Unit of London's Metropolitan Police Service which deals with fraud investigation and prevention, as well as a wide range of other crimes which require specia..
Economic anthropology
Contents 1 Formalism2 Substantivism3 Culturalism4 Critiques of the Approaches5 References6 See also7 External links Economic anthropology is a linking between economic and social life. Similar to evolutionary psychology in that it attempts to use one branch o..
Economic base analysis
Economic base analysis was developed by Robert Murray Haig in his work on the Regional Plan of New York in 1928. Briefly, activities in an area divide into two categories – basic and non-basic. Basic industries are those exporting from the region; non-basic (or service) industries support basic..
Economic Bloc
The Economic Bloc (Ekonomski Blok HDU - Za Boljitak) is a Croatian political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the last legislative elections, 5 october 2002, the party won 1.3 % of the popular vote and 1 seats in the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 2 out of 140 seats in ..
Economic bubble
An economic bubble (sometimes referred to as a "speculative bubble") refers to a market condition, where the prices of commodities or asset classes increase to absurd levels (that no longer reflect utility of usage and purchasing power). It occurs when speculation in the underlying good causes th..
Economic calculation
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. Economic Calculation is, in economics science, the comparison of costs versus benefits to determine if a g..
Economic calculation problem
The economic calculation problem is a criticism of socialist economics. It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in 1920. Those who agree with this criticism claim it is a refutation of socialism and that it shows why a socialist command economy could never work. Contents 1 Liberal thinkers..
Economic collapse
An economic collapse is a devastating breakdown of a national, regional, or territorial economy. A full or near-full economic collapse is often quickly followed by months, years, or even decades of economic depression, social chaos, and civil unrest. Usually this is eventually corrected at least ..
Economic Community of Central African States
The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), in French Communauté Économique des États d'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC), is an organisation for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa. It "aims to achieve collective autonomy, raise the standard of living of its popula..
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries
The CEPGL is an International Governmental Organization. CEPGL stands for: Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (French) Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (English) Comunidad Económica de los Países de los Grandes Lagos (Spanish) It is a sub-regional organization with m..
Economic Community of West African States
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group initially of sixteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when sixteen West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. Its mission is to promote economic integration. In 2000 Mauritania withdrew its membership from ECOWAS. ..
Economic conscription
Economic conscription is a term used to describe mechanisms for recruitment of personnel for the armed forces through the use of economic conditions. The term is most commonly used to refer to a situation in which certain geographical areas within a country are neglected in terms of their economic d..
Economic contraction
An economic contraction is a reduction in goods and services for sale in the market place. Typically it relates to a downturn in production caused by external factors such as weather, or by such internal factors as taxes, regulatory constraints or other impacts on producer incentives. Economic con..
Economic conversion
Economic conversion, defence conversion, or arms conversion, is a technical, economic and political process for moving from military to civilian markets. Economic conversion takes place on several levels and can be applied to different organizations. In terms of levels (roughly corresponding to geog..
Economic Cooperation Administration
The Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) was a United States government agency set up in 1948 to administer the Marshall Plan. It reported to both the State Department and the Department of Commerce. The agency's head was Paul G. Hoffman, a former head of Studebaker. Much of the rest of the ..
Economic Cooperation Foundation
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since April 2006. The Economic Cooperation F..
Economic Cooperation Organization
Map of the ECO member states The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental international organization involving ten Asian nations. It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade, and investment opportunities. The nations involved are Afgha..
Economic Coordination Committee
Economic Coordination Committee is a cabinet level committee responsible for final decisions relating to economy in Pakistan. ..
Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States
The Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States operates for the purposes of fulfilling economic obligations under the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The mandate of the Economic Court includes the resolution of disputes arising during the implementation of economic..
Economic data
Economic data are usually numerical time-series, i.e. sets of data (covering periods of time) for part or all of a single economy or the international economy. When they are time-series the data sets are usually monthly but can be quarterly and annual. The data may be adjusted in various ways (for..
Economic democracy
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. Economic democracy means, minimally, that everyone has access to subsistence. It does imply that everyone..
Economic depreciation
In economics, economic depreciation is seen as the change in the market value of capital over a given period. It is calculated as the market price of the capital at the beginning of the period minus its market price at the end of the period. Such a method in calculating depreciation differs from o..
Economic determinism
Economic determinism is the theory which attributes primacy to the economic structure over politics in the development of human history. It is usually associated with the theories of Karl Marx, although many Marxist thinkers have dismissed plain and unilateral economic determinism as a form of "vulg..
Economic development
Economic development is the development of the economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants. The study of economic development is known as development economics. Economic development is a sustainable increase in living standards that implies increased per capita i..
Economic Development Administration
The Economic Development Administration (EDA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that provides grants to economically-distressed communities to generate new employment, help retain existing jobs and stimulate industrial and commercial growth. The EDA was established under the ..
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
The Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec (before 1998, the Federal Office of Regional Development - Quebec) has the responsibility of promoting economic expansion in the province of Quebec by promoting small or medium-sized enterprises. The agency has fifteen offices throu..
Economic Development and Labour Bureau
The Economic Development and Labour Bureau, headed by the Secretary for Economic Development and Labour, is responsible for economic development and labour issues in Hong Kong. It was renamed on July 1 2002, when the Principal Official Accountability System was introduced, from Economic Services Bur..
Economic Development Board
The Economic Development Board (EDB) is a statutory board of the Government of Singapore that plans and executes strategies to sustain Singapore as a leading global hub for business and investment. ..
Economic Development Corporation
An Economic Development Corporation is an organization common in the United States, usually a 501(c)(3) Non-profit whose mission is to promote economic development within a specific geographical area. These organizations are similar to, but complementary to Chambers of Commerce. List of EDCs Napa ..
Economic development of Milford, Connecticut
Economic development in Milford, Connecticut, has increased the size of the city and added both opportunities and some congestion, which has created controversy. Contents 1 In the late Twenteith century2 Twenty-first century3 Economic development today4 A shoestring documentar..
Economic disaster
An Economic Disaster is the widespread disruption or collapse of a national or regional economy, possibly causing financial panic, hoarding, famine, hyperinflation, political upheaval or revolution. Some of these occurrences are short-lived, while others last many years. Economic disasters are rarel..
Economic dispatch
redirect [[Template:Not verified]] Economic dispatch is the method of determining the most efficient, low-cost and reliable operation of a power system by dispatching the available electricity generation resources to supply the load on the system. The primary objective of economic dispatch is to min..
Economic effects of Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina 2005 Atlantic hurricane season General TimelineMeteorological historyPreparations* New Orleans preparednessImpact Economic effectsPolitical effectsCriticism of gov't responseSocial effectsEffects by region*Effects on Mississippi*Effects on New Orleans** Levee failures** Inf..
Economic egalitarianism
Economic egalitarianism is a state of affairs in which the members of a society are of equal standing in terms of economic power or wealth. It is a founding principle of various forms of socialism. See also: egalitarianism, political egalitarianismEquality of outcome, Inequity aversion ..
Economic Entity
In accounting, an economic entity is one of the assumptions made in generally accepted accounting principles. Basically, any organization or unit in society can be an economic entity. Examples of economic entities are hospitals, companies, municipalities, and federal agencies. The "Economic Entity..
Economic entomology
Economic entomology, a subset of entomology, is the name given to the study of insects based on their relation to man, his domestic animals, and his crops and, in the case of those that are injurious, of the practical methods by which they can be prevented from doing harm, or be destroyed when pre..
Economic equilibrium
In economics, economic equilibrium often refers to an equilibrium in a market that "clears": this is the case where a market for a product has attained the price where the amount supplied of a certain product equals the quantity demanded. In most markets, this supply and demand balance is an economi..
Economic Espionage Act of 1996
The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. §§ 1831-1839) makes the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret a federal crime. This law contains two provisions criminalizing two sorts of activity. The first, 18 U.S.C. § 1831(a), criminalizes the theft of trade secrets to benefit foreign pow..
Economic Faculty Association Rotterdam
The Economic Faculty Association Rotterdam (EFR) has more than 3000 members and is one of the most active faculty associations in the Netherlands. The EFR sets objectives for the students by filling the gap between theory and practical. They do this by organising a large number of activities. One..
Economic forecasting
Economic forecasting is the process of making predictions about the economy as a whole or in part. Relevant models include Economic base analysisShift-share analysisInput-output model See also Land use forecastingTransportation planning ..
Economic Freedom of the World Index
Economic Freedom of the World Index is published by the Fraser Institute, a Canadian think tank. The Index measure how far a country's policies and institutions support competition, property rights, personal choice, small government and sound money policies. Contents 1 Current ratings2 ..
Economic geography
Humangeography ..
Economic geography of the United Kingdom
"A lump of coal, surrounded by fish" Halford John Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, 1904 The Economic geography of the United Kingdom as well as reflecting its position in the current economic league tables, also reflects its long history as a trading nation and as an imperial power. This in..
Economic geology
Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be utilized for economic and/or industrial purposes. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals, construction-grade stone, petroleum minerals, coal, and water. The term commonly refers to metallic mineral deposit..
Economic Group
The Economic Group was a political party that nominated candidates in the 1929 provincial election in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The party nominated three candidates for election to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. These candidates won 1,942 votes, which represented 0.54% of t..
Economic growth
Accumulated GDP growth for various countries. Economic growth is the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy. It is generally a factor in an increase in the income, of a nation. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic produ..
Economic Growth and Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act
The Economic Growth and Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act of 1996 (or EGRPRA) is a United States federal law that requires the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council and its member agencies to review their regulations at least once every 10 years to identify any outdated, unnecessary or..
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, Pub. L. No. 107-16 (June 7, 2001), was a sweeping piece of tax legislation in the United States. It is commonly known by its abbreviation EGTRRA, often pronounced "egg-tra" or "egg-terra", and sometimes also known simply as the 2001 act..
Economic history
Economic history is the study of economic change, and of economic phenomena in the past. Economic history is undertaken using both historical methods and the application of economic theory. Practitioners and advocates of the first approach, which was for long dominant in the United Kingdom, gene..
Economic history of Africa
It is today believed that humanity originated in Africa and as soon as human societies formed so did economic activity. Earliest humans were hunter gatherers living in small family groupings. Even then there was considerable trade, that could cover long distances. Archeologists have found that tr..
Economic history of Australia
This article is part of the seriesHistory of Australia Prehistory Before 1788 1788-1850 1851-1900 1901-1945 Since 1945 Timeline This article is a brief timeline of the economic history of Australia. Contents 0.1 > 18500.2 1850 > 18600.3 1860 - 18750.4 1875 - 1880..
Economic history of Brazil
The Economic history of Brazil covers various economic events and traces the changes in the Brazilian economy of the course of the history of Brazil From Portugal's discovery of Brazil in 1500 until the late 1930s, the Brazilian economy relied on the production of primary products for exports. Port..
Economic history of Britain
History of Britain By chronology Prehistoric BritainIron Age BritainRoman BritainSub-Roman BritainMedieval BritainEarly Modern BritainModern Britain By nation History of EnglandHistory of Northern IrelandHistory of ScotlandHistory of Wales By topic Constitutional historyEconomic historyMilita..
Economic history of Canada
Canadian history has long tended to be focused on economics. In part this is because Canada has had far fewer political upheavals or military conflicts than other societies. This was especially true in the first half of the twentieth century when economic history was overwhelmingly dominant. Man..
Economic history of Chile
Contents 1 The Colonial Era to 19502 Bourbon Reforms3 Independence4 World Wars and Depression5 1950-19706 The Popular Unity Government7 Economic Crisis and the Military Coup8 The Military Government's Free-Market Reforms, 1973-908.1 Trade Policy8.2 ..
Economic history of China
The economic history of China has its roots in the quest of Chinese settlers for economic gain thousands of years ago. China has often been the largest and most advanced economy in the world and is now taking back its position as the world leader, making up almost sixth of the world economy and co..
Economic history of communist Czechoslovakia
History of CommunistCzechoslovakia [[Czechoslovakia: 1948-1968|Communist Era I(1948-1968)]] [[Czechoslovakia: 1969-1987|Communist Era II(1969-1987)]] [[Czechoslovakia: 1987-1992|Communist Era III(1987-1989)]] Economic history Contents 0.1 1945-19480.2 1948-19600.3 1960s0...
Economic history of France
History of France Ancient times   Celtic Gaul   Roman Gaul   Ancient Franks (pre 481) France in the Middle Ages   Merovingians (481–751)   Carolingians (751–987)   Capetians (987–1328)   Valois (direct) (1328–1498) Early Moder..
Economic history of Germany
Contents 1 Middle Ages2 Industrial revolution3 Post-WWII4 The Social Market Economy5 The ..
Economic history of Hong Kong
This article is part of the History of Hong Kong series '''Timeline Prehistory Imperial China'''First contacts with the West Opium Wars     First Opium War     Second Opium War British colony (pre-war)     Founding of crown colony     Early 20th..
Economic history of India
History of the Indian Subcontinent Stone Age 70,000–7000 BC Mehrgarh Culture 7000–3300 BC Indus Valley Civilization 3300–1700 BC Late Harappan Culture 1700–1300 BC Vedic Civilization 1500–500 BC Kuru Dynasty 1200–316 BC Maha Janapadas ..
Economic history of Ireland
History of Irelandseries Early history Early Christian Ireland Early medieval and Viking era Norman Ireland Early Modern Ireland 1536–1691 Ireland 1691–1801 Union with Great Britain History of the Republic History of Northern Ireland Economic history Contents 1 Hist..
Economic history of Japan
The Economic history of Japan is one of the most studied for its spectacular growth, first in the period from the late nineteenth century that saw Japan become a world power and then again after the devastation of the Second World War when the island nation rose to become the world's second largest..
Economic history of Mexico
Contents 1 Independence2 Revolution and Aftermath3 The Great Depression4 Postwar Economic Growth5 Deterioration in the 1970s6 1982 Crisis and Recovery7 References Independence The Mexican War of Independence (1810-21) left a legacy of economic stagnation that p..
Economic history of Nicaragua
Contents 1 Pre-Columbian and Colonial Era2 The Coffee Boom, 1840s-1940s3 Diversification and Growth, 1945-774 Legacy of the Sandinista Revolution, 1977-795 Sandinista Era, 1979-906 The Chamorro Era, 1990-19967 The late 1990s - present8 References Pre-Columb..
Economic history of Nigeria
Colonialism is a major feature of the economic history of Nigeria. Britain eventually gained control of Nigerian administration. After independence, the Nigerian economy seemed very promising. Many saw Nigeria, with 25% of Africa's population, as an emerging economy. However, this potential never..
Economic history of Portugal
|- ! style="padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background:#ccccff" align="center" | History of Portugalseries |- | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Prehistoric Portugal |- | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Pre-Roman Portugal |- | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" |..
Economic history of Spain
|- ! style="padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background-color: #ccccff;" | History of Spain series |- | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Prehistoric Spain |- | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Roman Spain |- | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;" | Medieval Spain |- ..
Economic history of the Republic of Ireland
The state known today as the Republic of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom in 1922. The state was plagued by poverty and emigration until the 1960s and again in the 1970s and 1980s. The 1990's saw the beginning of unprecedented economic success, in a phenomenon known as the "Celtic Tiger". ..
Economic history of the United States
Per-capita GDP from 1790-2005 illustrates huge productivity growth in the US economy. U.S. History Timeline: Colonial America 1776 to 1789 1789 to 1849 1849 to 1865 1865 to 1918 1918 to 1945 1945 to 1964 1964 to 1980 1980 to 1988 1988 to present Topics: Diplomatic history ..
Economic history of Turkey
At the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire (see Economy of the Ottoman Empire) during World War I, the Turkish economy was underdeveloped: agriculture depended on outmoded techniques and poor-quality livestock, and the few factories producing basic products such as sugar and flour were under ..
Economic importance of bacteria
The economic importance of bacteria derives from the fact that bacteria can be deliberately exploited by humans in a number of beneficial ways. Despite the fact that some bacteria play harmful roles, such as causing disease and spoiling food, the economic importance of bacteria includes both their ..
Economic indicator
An economic indicator (or business indicator) is a statistic about the economy. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries, such as unemployment, housing st..
Economic inequality
For the economic inequality among nations, see international inequality. A poster printed by the Industrial Workers of the World, dramatising economic inequality under capitalism and aiming to gain support for Industrial unionism. Differences in national income equality around the world a..
Economic integration
Economic integration is a term used to describe how different aspects between economies are integrated. The basics of this theory were written by the Hungarian Economist Béla Balassa in the 1960s. As economic integration increases, the barriers of trade between markets diminishes. The most integrat..
Economic interdependence
Economic interdependence describes countries/nation-states and/or supranational states such as the European Union (EU) or North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that are interdependent for any (or all) of the following: foodenergymineralsmanufactured goodsmultinational/transnational corporatio..
Economic interest
In terms of a co-operative this means how much the services of the co-op are used. ..
Economic interventionism
Part of the Politics series onProgressivism This article has some overlap with these other political positions Schools American Progressivism New Deal liberalism Economic progressivism Educational progressivism Social Progressivism Techno-progressivism Ideas Conservation ethic Efficie..
Economic issues population
If any one has any more information that is not already on this page about: The environmental, economic and social issues arising from The Change In The Worlds Population Please, I will value any contribution as I believe there is not enough information on these subjects on this sight. Yours--[[U..
Economic journal
The [Economic Journal] is a scholarly journal of economics published by the Royal Economic Society. It is renowned as one of the most prestigious general journals in academic economics. The most famous editor-in-chief was John Maynard Keynes, from 1912 to his death in 1946. ..
Economic League
The Economic League was an organisation in the United Kingdom dedicated to opposing what they saw as subversion and action against free enterprise. The organisation was founded in 1919 by a group of industrialists under the name of National Propaganda. Its chief function was to promote the point of..
Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery
'Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery (Leader-Fanilo) is a political party in Madagascar. At the last legislative elections, 15 December 2002, the party won 3.3 % of the popular vote and 2 out of 160 seats. ..
Economic libertarianism
redirect [[Template:Not verified]] Economic libertarianism is the doctrine that government should not engage in economic interventionism, but only prohibit force and fraud. The Austrian School of economics and the Chicago School of economics are important foundations of the economic libertarianism...
Economic Lot Scheduling Problem
The Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (ELSP) is a problem in economics that has been studied by a large number of researchers for almost 50 years. The term was first used in 1958 by research professor Jack Rogers, who developed a computational model to solve the problem of determining the quantity tha..
Economic materialism
This article addresses materialism in the economic sense of the word. For information on the philosophical and scientific meanings, see materialism. Materialism refers to how a person or group chooses to spend their resources, particularly money and time. Literally, a materialist is a person for wh..
Economic methodology
Economic methodology is the study of scientific method in relation to economics. The term 'methodology' is also commonly, though incorrectly, used as an impressive synonym for 'method' or technique. Many of the general issues that arise in the methodology of the natural sciences are also applicable..
Economic militarism
Economic militarism is a term used to describe the ideology surrounding the use of military expenditure to prop up an economy, or the use of military power to gain control or access to territory or other economic resources. Brief history of the term The first important use dates from 1939 with Ge..
Economic nationalism
Some of the information in this has not been [Verifiabilityverified] and might not be reliable. It should be checked for inaccuracies and modified as needed, [cite sourcesciting sources]. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help ..
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson on August 20 1964, the Economic Opportunity Act (hereafter EOA) was central to Johnson's Great Society campaign and its War on Poverty. Implemented by the since disbanded Office of Economic Opportunity, the EOA included several social programs to promote the health, educa..
Economic Opportunity Institute
The Economic Opportunity Institute (EOI) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit, public policy institute, started in 1998, to define the policy debate on the issue of economic security. The Institute is based in Seattle, Washington. Website: http://www.econop.org/ ..
Economic oppression
The term economic oppression, sometimes misunderstood in the sense of economic sanction, embargo or economic boycott, has a different meaning and significance, and its meaning as well as its significance has been changing over a period of time, and its contextual application. Thus, one of the earli..
Economic order quantity
Economic Order Quantity (also known as the Wilson EOQ Model or simply the EOQ Model) is a model that defines the optimal quantity to order that minimizes total variable costs required to order and hold inventory. The model was originally developed by F. W. Harris in 1915, though R. H. Wilson is cre..
Economic Party
The Economic Party was a political party in Namibia. It was initially formed on 27 August 1925 as the Omaruru Political Society by S. Proctor. ..
Economic patriotism
Economic patriotism is the behaviour of consumers or companies (both private and public) that consists of favoring the goods or services produced in their country or in their group of countries. It can be thought as business intelligence in favour of their country. This approach may be either appro..
Economic policy
Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field. It covers the systems for setting interest rates and government deficit as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government. Such policies are often influenced by international inst..
Economic Policy Institute
The Economic Policy Institute or EPI is a United States think tank based in Washington, D.C. and concerned with, as its name implies, the formulation of economic policy. It was established in 1986 by a group of economists including Jeff Faux [link], Barry Bluestone [link], Robert..
Economic power
There is no agreed-upon definition of power in economics. At least four definitions of power have been used: purchasing power, i.e., the ability of any amount of money to buy goods and services. Those with more assets (or, more correctly, net worth) have more power of this sort. The greater the liq..
Economic problem
The basic economic problem is a term used in economic theory. It asserts that there are limited resources for infinite human wants or scarcity. It involves what goods and services an economy should produce, for example should the emphasis be on public services, housing, agriculture or manufacturing...
Economic Problem of Man and its Islamic Solution (book)
Economic Problem of Man and its Islamic Solution is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. External links [Economic Problem of Man and its Islamic Solution] ..
Economic production quantity
Economic Production Quantity model (also known as the EPQ model) is an extension of the Economic Order Quantity model. The difference being that the EPQ model assumes orders are received incrementally during the production process. The function of this model is to balance the inventory holding cos..
Economic progress
Almost every adult living today in modern Western society is aware of the phenomena of economic progress. Few, however, seem to know where it comes from or what causes it. Conventional explanations on this subject trace the origin of economic progress back to innovations in technology. Technologica..
Economic progressivism
Part of the Politics series onProgressivism This article has some overlap with these other political positions Schools American Progressivism New Deal liberalism Economic progressivism Educational progressivism Social Progressivism Techno-progressivism Ideas Conservation ethic Efficie..
Economic puzzle
A puzzle in economics is a situation where the outcome of theory is more plausible than the observed behaviour or where this behaviour is yet unexplained by theory. An example might be the Equity premium puzzle which relates to the fact that over the last two hundred years, the risk premium of sto..
Economic rationalism
Economic rationalism is an Australian term in discussion of microeconomic policy, applicable to the economic policy of many governments around the world, in particular during the 1980s and 1990s. Near-equivalents include Thatcherism (UK), Rogernomics (NZ), and the Washington Consensus. To a large e..
Economic reforms in India
Economic reform in India is something which is under close study. The phrase is commonly used to describe post-1991 events. The country however has seen a number of distinct eras, which had definite differences from the economic practices of the previous eras. In a sense, economic reform can be said..
Economic regions of Russia
Russia is divided into twelve economic regions (Russian: )—groups of administrative units sharing the following characteristics: common economic and social goals and participation in development programs;relatively similar economic conditions and potential;similar climatic, ecological, and geo..
Economic rejuvenation
Economic rejuvenation, often called economic growth is a prolonged period of fast economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth). By some definitions, "fast" means that it is significantly faster than a potential growth as estimated by experts in macroeconomics. By others, the g..
Economic relations of Japan
Foreign relations of Japan ..
Economic rent
In economic theory economic rent is either the difference between the income realized by an owner of a factor of production in some particular use of that factor, and the cost of bringing that factor into economic use (Classical Factor Rent), or the difference between the income realized in the curr..
Economic rent (political economy)
..
Economic Research Service
The Economic Research Service (ERS) is the main source of economic information and research from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Located in Washington D.C., the mission of ERS is to inform and enhance public and private decision-making on economic and policy issues related to agriculture, food..
Economic schools of thought
A variety of schools of thought have existed within economics. In some periods two or more schools have contended for dominance. For example, in the early 20th century institutional economics and classical economics were both highly influential in the United States. Currently, the great majority o..
Economic secession
Economic secession is a term that John T. Kennedy introduced to refer to a libertarian/anarchist activist technique. Kennedy and others suggest that people who oppose the state abstain as much as they are able from the state’s economic system – for instance by replacing the use of government mo..
Economic Secretary to the Treasury
The Economic Secretary to the Treasury is the fifth and most junior ministerial post in the UK Treasury, after the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, the Paymaster-General and the Financial Secretary to the Treasury. It is not a Cabinet office. The office was aboli..
Economic security
Economic security can be thought of as: probable continued solvencypredictability of the future cash flow of a person or other economic entity.employment security It is widely believed that there is a "tradeoff" between economic security and economic opportunity. ..
Economic shortage
Economic shortage is a term describing a disparity between the amount demanded for a product or service and the amount supplied in a market. Specifically, a shortage occurs when there is excess demand; therefore, it is the opposite of a surplus. Economic shortages are related to price - when the pr..
Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor
The Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) is a generation III+ reactor which builds on the success of the ABWR. Both are designs by General Electric, and are based on their BWR design. The ESBWR is a passively safe design using natural circulation with no recirculation pumps or their as..
Economic simulation game
Economic simulation games simulating an economy. Most city-building games, like SimCity, are specialised economic simulator games. Most Tycoon games, like Railroad Tycoon and Pizza Tycoon, are economic simulator games. Economic simulator games are principally always strategy games and never wargam..
Economic sociology
Economic sociology is the sociological analysis of economic phenomena. As the earliest economists recognised, economic institutions are of profound importance to society as a whole and the social context affects the nature of local economic institutions. Karl Marx argued that economic forces were a..
Economic Stabilization Act of 1970
The Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 was a United States law that authorized the President to stabilize prices, rents, wages, salaries, interest rates, dividends and similar transfers. It established priorities for use and allocation of supplies of petroleum products, including crude oil, and to ..
Economic stagnation
Economic stagnation, often called simply stagnation is a prolonged period of slow economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth). By some definitions, "slow" means that it is significantly slower than a potential growth as estimated by experts in macroeconomics. By others, the g..
Economic stratification
Economic stratification refers to the condition within a society where social classes are separated, or stratified, along economic lines. Various economic strata or levels are clearly manifest. While in any system individual members will have varying degrees of wealth, economic stratification typic..
Economic surplus
:This page deals with the various forms of economic surplus, including producer, consumer, government, and social/total surplus. For information about a budget surplus, see budget deficit. The term surplus is used in economics for several related quantities. The consumer surplus is the amount that..
Economic survey of India
The Finance Ministry presents the Economic Survey in the parliament every year, just before the Union Budget. It is the ministry's view on the annual economic develepment of the country. External links [Economic Survey 2005-06]..
Economic system
Economies Sectors and Systems   Closed economy   Dual economy   Gift economy   Informal economy   Market economy   Mixed economy   Open economy Participatory economy   Planned economy   Undergro..
Economic System of Islam (book)
This article lacks information on the [Importanceimportance] of the subject matter. If you are familiar with it, please expand the article, or discuss its significance on the talk page. Economic System of Islam is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. External links [Economic Sy..
Economic Times
The Economic Times is the daily business newspaper of the Times Group, owners of the Times of India. The Economic Times is has its offices in Mumbai outside Victoria Terminus railway station. Its main content is based on the Indian economy, share prices, prices of commodities as well as other matter..
Economic torts
Economic Torts are torts for which employers can sue trade union officials or members who are taking part in industrial action. The principal torts of this type are those of conspiracy, inducement of breach of contract, and watching and besetting. The Economic Torts provide the common law rules on l..
Economic totalitarianism
This article is being considered for deletion for the 4th time in accordance with Wikipedia's [Deletion policydeletion policy]. Please share your thoughts on the matter at [Articles for deletion/ this article's entry] on the [Articles for deletionArticles for deletion]..
Economic Union Party
The Economic Union Party (formally the Party for Economic Union with the United States) was a political party formed in the Dominion of Newfoundland on March 20 1948 at the beginning of the first referendum campaign on the future of the island. It was led by St. John's businessman Chesley Crosbie an..
Economic unit
In an economy, production, consumption and exchange are carried out by two basic economic units: the firm and the household. 1. Firm The firm makes production decisions. These include what goods to produce, how these goods are to be produced and what prices to charge. It employs the various fact..
Economic value added
Economic Value Added (EVA) is often defined as the value of an activity that is left over after subtracting from it the cost of executing that activity and the cost of having lost the opportunity of investing consumed resources in an alternative activity. In business terms, one could calculate EVA a..
Economic vegetarianism
An economic vegetarian is a person who practices vegetarianism from either the philosophical viewpoint that the consumption of meat is expensive, part of a conscious simple living strategy or just because of necessity. Economic vegetarians believe that nutrition can be acquired more efficiently a..
Economic vehicle
Especially, some Joint Ventures and funds incurring a lot of cash flow are called vehicles. All economic body can be called the vehicle. ..
Economic warfare
Economic warfare is the term for economic policies followed as a part of military operations during wartime. The purpose of economic warfare is to capture critical economic resources so that the military can operate at full efficiency and/or deprive the enemy forces of those resources so that they c..
Economies of agglomeration
The term economies of agglomeration is used in urban economics to describe the benefits that firms obtain when locating near each other. It is related to the idea of economies of scale and network effects, in that the more related firms that are clustered together, the lower the cost of production ..
Economies of scope
Economies of scope are conceptually similar to Economies of scale. Whereas economies of scale primarily refer to efficiencies associated with supply-side changes, such as increasing or decreasing the scale of production, of a single product type, economies of scope refer to efficiencies primarily as..
Economiser
An economiser is a device fitted to a boiler which saves energy by using the exhaust gases from the boiler to pre-heat the cold water used the fill it (the feed water). The first successful design of economiser was used to increase the steam-raising efficiency of the boilers of stationary steam eng..
Economism
..
Economist
This article discusses the profession concerned with the study and application of economics; for the news journal published in London, see The Economist. Paul Anthony Samuelson, economist An economist is an individual who studies, develops, and applies theories and concepts from economics, and ..
Economists Bloc
The Economists Bloc is a liberal political party in Bahrain represented by three MPs in parliament. The party has been the most consistent advocate of human rights, democratisation and free market economics in Bahraini politics. Because the main challenge to liberal values comes from Islamists, the..
Economist Intelligence Unit
This entity, also known as [EIU] is part of The Economist Group. It is a research and advisory company providing country, industry and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation, a US company acquired by the parent organization in 1986. It ..
Economist Party
Economist Party (in Spanish: Partido Economista), was a political party in Peru. It was founded by Carlos J. Manrique. ..
Economizer
An Economizer is a heat exchange device that heats a fluid up to (but not beyond) the boiling point of that fluid. Economizers are commonly used as part of a HRSG in a combined cycle power plant. In a HRSG, water passes through an economizer, then a boiler and then a superheater. The economizer a..
Economou
Economou, a Greek word meaning "ruler of the house" from "eco" [house] and "nomos" [rule/law], is also a common Greek surname. In ancient times "economos" was the title of the manager or treasurer of an organization. An example of "economos" used to designate a "manager" is in L..
Economy, Indiana
Economy is a town in Wayne County, Indiana, United States. The population was 200 at the 2000 census. Geography Economy is located at [39°58′35″N, 85°5′9″W] (39.976293, -85.085945)[Geographic references#1GR1]. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town h..
Economy, Nova Scotia
Economy is an unincorporated community of approximately 200 people located along the north shore of the Minas Basin/Cobequid Bay, at approximately 45°23'N, 63°54'W, in Colchester County, Nova Scotia. Considerably depopulated now, the village supported a ship-building industry during the late 1800..
Economy, Pennsylvania
Economy is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 9,363 at the 2000 census. Contents 1 Geography2 Demographics3 See also4 External links Geography Economy is located at [40°38′18″N, 80°11′6″W] (40.638466, -80.184891)�..
Economy (disambiguation)
Economy can refer to: Economics and economic system, the economy of a countryWorld economy, the economy of the worldEconomy (Eastern Orthodoxy), a bishop's discretionary power to relax rulesEconomy (Thoreau), a chapter from Walden, by Henry David ThoreauEconomy class, a class of seating in airline..
Economy (Eastern Orthodoxy)
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, economy (economia) is a bishop's discretionary power to dispense with church standards (or "canons", as they are called) that a parish priest would otherwise be required to follow. Often it amounts to retroactive recognition granted to sacraments performed in heterod..
Economy (StarCraft)
This page concerns economy management in StarCraft. For a general idea of Economy, see Economics. Economy and general battle flow in StarCraft is also referred to as macromanagement. In Melee maps, players begin with a main structure- a Command Center, Hatchery, or Nexus- as well as four worker uni..
Economy 7
Economy 7 is the name of a cheap tariff provided by United Kingdom electricity suppliers for night-time electricity. Electricity is charged at a cheaper rate during the off-peak night time - specifically, a 7-hour period, hence the name. To take advantage of Economy 7, boilers and storage heaters a..
Economy Act
This act, which Congress passed on the 15th March, 1933, tried to balance the federal budget by cutting the salaries of government employees and reducing pensions to veterans by as much as 15 percent. It also cut the budgets of government departments by 25 percent. Nearly a billion dollars was saved..
Economy and industry of Bristol
Bristol is a city in south west England. Its economy has long connections with the sea and its ports. In the 20th century aeronautics played an important role in the economy, and the city still plays a role in the manufacture of aircraft. Bristol is also a tourist destination, and has important m..
Economy car
An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost operation. They are designed for drivers who use their car primarily for personal transportation. Typical economy cars are small, light weight, and inexpensive to buy. Contents 1 History1.1 Pre-war1.2 1945-19731.3 ..
Economy class
Economy class, also known as coach class, is the lowest class of seating in airline travel. Although it is reputed to be uncomfortable, with limited legroom and amenities, it is favored by many travelers as it offers the cheapest seats. Some airlines renamed their economy class for marketing purpos..
Economy class syndrome
Economy class syndrome is the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in air travelers. The term was first coined in the late 1980sCruickshank JM, Gorlin R, Jennett B. Air travel and thrombotic episodes: the economy class syndrome. ''Lancet 1988;2(8609):497-8. PMID 2900413. when it turned out that people..
Economy of Afghanistan
The economic outlook of Afghanistan's Economy has improved significantly since 2002 due to the infusion of over $2 billion in international assistance, dramatic improvements in agricultural production, and the end of a four-year drought in most of the country. However, Afghanistan remains extremely ..
Economy of Africa
[Featured articles   ] Economy of Africa During 2003 unless otherwise stated Population: 887 million (14%) GDP (PPP): US$1.635 trillion GDP (Currency): 8 billion PPP): ,968 Currency): 1 Annual growth in per capita GDP: 0.74% (1990-2002) Income of top 10%:..
Economy of Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad is the largest inland industrial center and the second largest industrial center in western India after Mumbai. The textile industry has been the main industry of Ahmedabad. On 30 May 1861, Ranchhodlal Chhotalal founded the first Indian textile mill called the Ahmedabad Spinning and We..
Economy of Albania
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Algeria
Economy of Algeria Currency Algerian Dinar = 100 centimes Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations AU, WTO (observer) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 42nd (2004) [link] GDP 2.3 billion (2004) GDP growth 6.1% (2004) GDP per capita ,600 (2004) GDP by sector a..
Economy of American Samoa
Economy - overview: This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the..
Economy of Ancient Greece
The economy of ancient Greece was characterized by the extreme importance of agriculture, all the more so because of the relative poverty of Greece's soil. Beginning in the 6th century B.C., craftsmanship and commerce (principally maritime) developed. It should be noted that the idea of an "economy..
Economy of Andorra
Andorra's GDP for 1998 was $1,2 billion, with tourism as its principal component. Attractive for shoppers from France and Spain as a free port, the country also has developed active summer and winter tourist resorts. With some 270 hotels and 400 restaurants, as well as many shops, the tourist trade ..
Economy of Angola
Economy of Angola Currency Kwanza (AOA) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations AU, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 106th (2004) [link] GDP .17 billion (2004) GDP growth 11.7% (2004) GDP per capita ,100 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (8%), industry (67%), ..
Economy of Anguilla
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Antarctica
No economic activity is conducted at present in Antarctica, except for fishing off the coast and small-scale tourism, both based abroad. Antarctic fisheries in 1998-1999 (July 1- June 30) reported landing 119,898 metric tons. Unregulated fishing landed five to six times more than the regulated fishe..
Economy of Antigua and Barbuda
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Argentina
Economy of Argentina Currency 1 Argentine peso = 100 centavos Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations WTO and SACN Statistics (GDP expressed in PPP where applicable) GDP ranking 23nd (2005) [link] GDP 7,200 million (2005 est.) GDP growth 9.2% (2005) GDP per capita ,600 (200..
Economy of Armenia
Economy of Armenia Currency 1 Dram = 100 louma Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 127th (2004) [link] GDP .65 billion (2004) GDP growth 9% (2004) GDP per capita ,600(2004) GDP by sector agriculture (22.9%), indust..
Economy of Aruba
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Asia
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a confederation consisting of 12 of the 15 states of the former Soviet Union, both Asian and European, (the exceptions being the three Baltic states). Although the CIS has few supranational powers, it is more than a purely symbolic organization..
Economy of Assam
The Economy of Assam is largely agriculture based with 69% of the population engaged in it. References [Assam Human Development Report 2003] ..
Economy of Australia
Economy of Australia Currency 1 Australian Dollar ($A or AUD) = 100 cents Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June Trade organisations APEC, WTO and OECD Statistics [link] GDP ranking 16th by volume (at PPP) (2005); 13th by per capita (at PPP) (2005) GDP (Nominal) US9 billion (2006) GDP (Nomin..
Economy of Austria
Economy of Austria Currency 1 Euro = 100 eurocent Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU, WTO and OECD Statistics [link] GDP ranking 34th (2003) [link] GDP 3.3bn (2004) GDP growth 2.4% (2004) GDP per capita ,000 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (3.5%), industr..
Economy of Azerbaijan
Economy of Azerbaijan Currency 1 Manat = 100 gopiks Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS, GUAM, WTO(observer) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 92rd (2005) [link] GDP .01 billion (2005) GDP growth 19.70% (2005) GDP per capita ,700(2005) GDP by sector agricu..
Economy of Bahrain
According to the 2006 Index of Economic Freedom published by the Heritage Foundation and the Wall Street Journal, Bahrain has the [most free economy in the Middle East] and is twenty-fifth overall in the world. The survey put Bahrain ahead of regional competitors, United Arab Emirates, I..
Economy of Bangalore
Bangalore evolved into a manufacturing hub for heavy industries such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian Telephone Industries (ITI), Hindustan Machine Tools and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) after India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947. Within the last decade, the establishment..
Economy of Bangladesh
Fishing is an important source of income in Bangladesh Bangladesh has made significant strides in its economic sector since its independence in 1971. Bangladeshi garments industry is one of the largest and comprehensive industry in the world. Before 1980, Bangladesh's economy and foreign excha..
Economy of Barbados
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Belarus
Economy of Belarus Currency Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS Statistics GDP ranking 64th (2005) [link] GDP .13 billion (2005 est.) GDP growth 8% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,700 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (8.9%), industry (26...
Economy of Belgium
Economy of Belgium Currency 1 Euro = 100 eurocent Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU, WTO and OECD Statistics [link] GDP ranking 28th (2003) [link] GDP 9.1bn (2004) GDP growth 2.7% (2004) GDP per capita ,100 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (1.9%), in..
Economy of Belize
The Economy of Belize Economy of Belize Currency 1 Belize Dollar (BZD) Fiscal year 1 April – 31 March Trade organisations CARICOM, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 187th (PPP), 159th (Nominal) (2005) GDP .778 billion (PPP), 8 million (Nominal) (2005) GDP growth 3.8% (2005 ..
Economy of Benin
Economy of Benin Currency CFA Franc (XOF) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations AU, ECOWAS, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 144th(2004) [link] GDP .338 billion (2004) GDP growth 5% (2004) GDP per capita ,200 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (36.3%), indu..
Economy of Berlin
The economy of Berlin has been affected through the years by the city's changing political fortunes. Berlin was once a major manufacturing center and the economic and financial hub of Germany. The city suffered economically during the Cold War, when West Berlin was isolated geographically and East B..
Economy of Bermuda
The average price of a single family home is 1.2 Million. Economy - overview: Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitor..
Economy of Bhutan
The economy of Bhutan, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for 90% of the population and account for about 40% of GDP. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains domin..
Economy of Birmingham
The city of Birmingham, in England, is an important manufacturing and engineering centre, employing over 100,000 people in the industry and contributing billions to the national economy. Over 25% of UK exports originate in the greater Birmingham area. Modern economy This is a chart of trend of reg..
Economy of Bolivia
The economy of Bolivia has had a historic pattern of a single-commodity focus. From silver to tin to coca, Bolivia has enjoyed only occasional periods of economic diversification. Political instability and difficult topography have constrained efforts to modernize the agricultural sector. Similarly,..
Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
This page discusses the Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina since Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 and the declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992. Contents 1 Overview1.1 Macro-economic trend2 Statistical indicators3&n..
Economy of Botswana
Economy of Botswana Currency Pula (BWP) Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March Trade organisations AU, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 122nd (2004) [link] GDP .05 billion (2004) GDP growth 3.5% (2004) GDP per capita ,200 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (4%), industry ..
Economy of Bratislava
Overview The region accounted for 26% of the national Gross Value Added in 2002. The economy is clearly dominated by the tertiary sector, which accounts for 79,8% of the GVA of the region, while the average national share is 65,4%. Within the tertiary sector, there are two dominant activities whic..
Economy of Brazil
Economy of Brazil Currency 1 Real (R$, BRL) = 100 centavos Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations WTO and SACN Statistics GDP ranking 9th (List of countries by GDP (PPP)) GDP .556 trillion (2004 est.) GDP growth 2.3% (2005) GDP per capita ,400 (2004 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (..
Economy of Brunei
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Bulgaria
Economy of Bulgaria Currency 1 Lev (BGL) = 100 stotinki Fiscal year Calendar year Statistics GDP ranking [link] GDP .54 billion (2005 est.) GDP growth 5.5% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,600 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (10.1%), industry (30.2%), services (59.7%) (2005 est...
Economy of Burkina Faso
Economy of Burkina Faso Currency CFA Franc (XOF) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations AU, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 118th (2004) [link] GDP .74 billion (2004) GDP growth 4.8% (2004) GDP per capita ,200 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (39.5%), indus..
Economy of Burundi
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of California
The economy of California is a dominant force in the economy of the United States, with California paying more to the federal system than it receives in benefits. Contents 1 Revenue2 California as an independent nation2.1 California's gross state product2.2 Rankings from diffe..
Economy of Cambodia
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Cameroon
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Canada
Economy of Canada Currency Canadian dollar (CAD) Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March Trade organisations NAFTA, OECD, WTO and others Statistics [link] GDP ranking 11th (2004) [link] GDP .023 trillion(2004) GDP growth 2.4% (2004) GDP per capita ,500 (2004) GDP by sector..
Economy of Cape Verde
Economy of Cape Verde Currency Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations AU, WTO(observer) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 205th (2004) [link] GDP 600 million (2002) GDP growth 5% (2004) GDP per capita ,400 (2002) GDP by sector agricu..
Economy of Chad
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Chicago
Chicago Economy#redirect [[Template:Fact]] 2000 Census Data Chicago Illinois US Manufacturers shipments, 1997 (00) 26,745,880 200,019,991 3,842,061,405 Wholesale trade sales, 1997 (00) 31,971,060 275,968,383 N/A Retail sales, 1997 (00) 13,882,143 108,002,177 2,460,886,012 Retail sales per capi..
Economy of Chile
Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio Aylwin - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic re..
Economy of China
The economy of China may also include or exclude, depending on context or point of view: The economy of the People's Republic of ChinaThe economy of Hong KongThe economy of MacauThe economy of Taiwan A politically neutral term that includes all of these separate economies is Greater China. See also..
Economy of Chuvashia
While Chuvashia is considered one of the less developed regions of Russia, the region has a positive investment climate due to a progressive government. The liberally minded government is working to encourage business development and attract foreign investment. Contents 1 Legislation2 ..
Economy of Colombia
Economy of Colombia Currency Peso Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CAN and SACN Statistics GDP ranking 42 GDP 122,269 (Millions of current United States dollars) GDP growth 5.1% (CIA World Factbook) GDP per capita 2,742 (Current United States dollars) GDP by sector agriculture..
Economy of Colorado
The U.S. State of Colorado has a fairly abundant economy. [The Bureau of Economic Analysis] estimates that the total state product in 2003 was $187 billion. Per capital personal income in 2003 was $34,561, putting Colorado 8th in the nation. To see a 2004 per capita personal income comp..
Economy of Communist Czechoslovakia
This article is part of the main article: Czechoslovakia Contents 1 Introduction2 Functioning of the economy2.1 Plans and their implementation2.2 Performance evaluation2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages3 History4 Industry5 Agriculture6 Foreign trade7&nbs..
Economy of Comoros
One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unempl..
Economy of Costa Rica
Costa Rica's basically stable economy depends on tourism, agriculture, and electronics exports. It has the second biggest GDP per capita of Latin America. Poverty has been reduced over the past 50 years, and a strong social safety net has been put into place. Economic growth has rebounded from -..
Economy of Côte d'Ivoire
This article describes the Economy of Côte d'Ivoire The Ivorian economy is largely market based and depends heavily on the agricultural sector. Almost 70% of the Ivorian people are engaged in some form of agricultural activity. Côte d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters..
Economy of Croatia
Contents 1 History2 Stock exchanges3 Banking4 Economic indicators5 See also History In an economy traditionally based on agriculture and livestock, peasants comprised more than half of the Croatian population until after World War II. Pre-1945 industrialization was slow..
Economy of Cuba
Economy of Cuba Currency 1 Cuban peso (CUP) = 100 centavos Fiscal year Calendar year Statistics GDP Ranking (2005) 89th by volume adjusted for PPP; GDP PPP(2005) .24 billion GDP growth rate (2005) 5.5% GDP per Capita (2005 est.) ,300 GDP by sector agriculture: 5.5%, industry: 26.1%..
Economy of Cyprus
Economy - overview: Economic affairs in Cyprus are dominated by the division of the country into the southern area controlled by the Cyprus Government and the northern Turkish Cypriot-administered area. The Greek Cypriot economy is prosperous but highly susceptible to external shocks. Erratic growt..
Economy of Denmark
Denmark's industrialized market economy depends on imported raw materials and foreign trade. Within the European Union, Denmark advocates a liberal trade policy. Its standard of living is among the highest in the world, and the Danes devote 0.8% of GNI to foreign aid. Denmark is self-sufficient in ..
Economy of Djibouti
Djibouti's fledgling economy depends on a large foreign expatriate community, the maritime and commercial activities of the Port of Djibouti, its airport, and the operation of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad. During the civil war (1991-94), there was a significant diversion of government budgetary..
Economy of Dominica
Agriculture, with bananas as the principal crop, is still Dominica's economic mainstay. Banana production employs, directly or indirectly, upwards of one-third of the work force. This sector is highly vulnerable to weather conditions and to external events affecting commodity prices. The value of ba..
Economy of East Timor
Economy of East Timor Currency US Dollar (USD) and East Timor centavos Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June Trade organisations NA Statistics [link] GDP ranking #212 (2001) [link] GDP 0 million (2004) GDP growth 1% (2004) GDP per capita 0(2004) GDP by sector agriculture: 25.4..
Economy of Ecuador
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Edinburgh
Edinburgh, as the capital of Scotland, is usually regarded as one of the twin engines of the Scottish Economy alongside Glasgow. Edinburgh has been consistently one of the most prosperous parts of the country and has the strongest economy of any city in the UK outside LondonMajor Development Proj..
Economy of Egypt
Life inEgypt Culture Politics Education Economy Population Arts and entertainment Holidays Languages Human rights Poverty Social issues Religion Social structure Standard of living [http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit box] Contents 1 Overview2 Eco..
Economy of El Salvador
..
Economy of England
The Economy of England is the largest of the four economies of the United Kingdom. England is one of the world’s most highly industrialised countries. Its products include a variety of goods, ranging from sewing needles to earth- moving equipment. It is a leading shipbuilding country and an impor..
Economy of Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea is a small country at the west coast of Central Africa. Despite a per capita GDP (PPP) of more than US$30,000 [World Economic Outlook IMF Database, September 2005] (CIA Factbook $50,200http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ek.html) which is as of 2004 the sixt..
Economy of Eritrea
Eritrea secured independence from Ethiopia on May 24, 1993. Eritrea faced major economic problems and is in the process of rebuilding its economy. The United Nations has ranked Eritrea as 164 out of 174 nations in 2005 on its Human Development Index, an indicator of economic and physical condition..
Economy of Estonia
Economy of Estonia Currency 1 Estonian_kroon = 100 sent Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU and WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 68th (2004) [link] GDP .35bn (2004) GDP growth 9.8% (2005, [link]) GDP per capita ,672 (2006 est.) GDP by sector agri..
Economy of Ethiopia
Economy of Ethiopia Currency Birr (ETB) Fiscal year 8 July - 7 July Trade organisations AU, WTO(observer) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 73rd(2004) [link] GDP 54.89 billion (2004) GDP growth 11.6% (2004) GDP per capita 0 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (47%), in..
Economy of Europe
Economy of EuropeDuring 2003 unless otherwise stated Population: 814.1 million GDP (PPP): US$13.823 trillion GDP (Currency): .471 trillion GDP/capita (PPP) : ,982 GDP /capita (Currency) : ,321 Annual growth of per capita GDP: 0.61% (1990-2002) Income of top 10%: 27.5% Millionaires: 2..
Economy of Fiji
Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though it remains a developing country with a large subsistence agriculture sector. Agriculture accounts for 18 % of Gross Domestic Product, although it employs some 70 % of the workf..
Economy of Finland
Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, based on abundant forest resources, capital investments, and technology. Traditionally, Finland has been a net importer of capital to finance industrial growth. However, this trend was recently reversed, and Finland has become a net c..
Economy of France
Economy of France Currency 1 Euro = 100 eurocent Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU, WTO and OECD Statistics GDP ranking 6th Unemployment 9.7% technically unemployed(November 2005) Main industries machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles,..
Economy of French Guiana
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of French Polynesia
Economy - overview: Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. Tourism accounts for about one-four..
Economy of Gabon
Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa. This has supported a sharp decline in extreme poverty; yet because of high income inequality a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered of..
Economy of Georgia
Economy of Georgia Currency lari (GEL) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations WTO, CIS and GUUAM Statistics GDP ranking 123rd (2004) [link] GDP .13 billion (2005 est.) GDP growth 10% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,400 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (16%), industry..
Economy of Germany
Economy of Germany Currency 1 euro = 100 eurocent Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU, WTO (via EU membership) and OECD Statistics [link] GDP ranking 2005) [link] GDP 2005) GDP growth 2005) [link] GDP per capita 2005) GDP by sector 2005..
Economy of Ghana
By West African standards, Ghana has a diverse and rich resource base. The country is mainly agricultural, however, with a majority of its workers engaged in farming. Cash crops consist primarily of cocoa and cocoa products,which typically provide about two-thirds of export revenues, timber products..
Economy of Gibraltar
Economy - overview: Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, a well regulated international finance center, tourism, and has become a global leader in the virtual gaming industry. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 6% to the local economy. ..
Economy of Greece
Economy of Greece Currency 1 Euro = 100 cents Fiscal year calendar year Trade Organisations WTO and full member of The EU Statistics GDP Ranking (2004) 28th (nominal) by volume; 27th per capita (nominal) GDP (2005) 6.8 billion (PPP), 9.7 billion (exchange rate) GDP growth rate (Q1 2006)..
Economy of Greenland
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Grenada
The economy of Grenada is based upon agricultural production (nutmeg, mace, cocoa, and bananas) and tourism. Agriculture accounts for over half of merchandise exports, and a large portion of the population is employed directly or indirectly in agriculture. Recently the performance of the agricultura..
Economy of Guadeloupe
The economy of Guadeloupe depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It also depends on France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a keli industry, with most tourists from the US; an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditional sugarcane c..
Economy of Guam
Economy - overview: The economy depends mainly on US military spending and on tourist revenue. Over the past 20 years, the tourist industry grew rapidly, creating a construction boom for new hotels, golf courses and other tourist amenities. More than 1 million tourists visit Guam each year includin..
Economy of Guatemala
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Guinea
Guinea is richly endowed with minerals, possessing an estimated one-third of the world's proven reserves of bauxite, more than 1.8 billion metric tons of high-grade iron ore, significant diamond and gold deposits, and undetermined quantities of uranium. Guinea also has considerable potential for gro..
Economy of Guinea-Bissau
Economy of Guinea-Bissau Currency CFA Franc Fiscal year Calendar Year Trade organisations AU, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 191st (2004) [link] GDP .008 billion (2004) GDP growth 2.6% (2004) GDP per capita 0 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (62%), industry ..
Economy of Guyana
With a per capita gross domestic product of only $824 in 1999, Guyana is one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. The economy made dramatic progress after President Hoyte's 1989 economic recovery program (ERP). As a result of the ERP, Guyana's GDP increased six percent in 1991 followi..
Economy of Haiti
Economy of Haiti Currency 1 Haitian Gourde (HTG) Fiscal year 1 October – 30 September Trade organisations CARICOM and WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 128th by volume (at PPP) (2005); 159th by per capita (at PPP) (2005) GDP (PPP) .05 billion (2004 est.) GDP growth colspan="2" va..
Economy of Himachal Pradesh
[Comprehensive coverage of Himachal Pradesh Economy] . Contents 1 Macro-economic trend2 Economic development3 Agriculture4 Industry5 Power6 Transport7 Social services7.1 Hospitals7.2 Education7.3 Water supply8 Animal husbandry9 ..
Economy of Honduras
Local shop in La Ceiba Economy of Honduras is the measure of economic activity in Honduras. It is one of the poorest countries in Latin America. In the 1960s it was the poorest nation of the region, but after the earthquake in 1972 that devastated Managua, and the two wars that followed ( the ..
Economy of Hong Kong
This article is part of the Economy of Hong Kong series Employment Agriculture Fisheries Tourism Companies Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE) Companies listed on HKSE Hong Kong Dollar Hong Kong Monetary Authority Port CEPA Individual Visit Scheme East Asian Tigers Ties with Pearl ..
Economy of Houston
Houston's energy industry is a world powerhouse (particularly oil), but biomedical research, aeronautics, and the ship channel are also large parts of the city's industrial base. The Houston metropolitan area comprises the largest petrochemical manufacturing area in the world, including for synthe..
Economy of Hungary
The Hungarian economy prior to WWII was primarily oriented toward agriculture and small-scale manufacturing. Hungary's strategic position in Europe and its relative high lack of natural resources also have dictated a traditional reliance on foreign trade. In the early 1950s, the communist government..
Economy of Iceland
Iceland The economy of Iceland is small but well-developed, with a gross domestic product estimated at US$10.57 billion in 2005 (and a per capita GDP of $35,600, which is among the world's highest.) Like the other Scandinavian countries, Iceland has a mixed economy that is mainly capitalistic ..
Economy of Illinois
The economy of Illinois is highly diverse. The state's largest city, Chicago, is home to many of the nation's largest companies including Boeing, McDonalds, Bank One, United Airlines and Motorola. The chicagoland economy produces vast quantities of telecommunications gear, electronics, steel, autom..
Economy of India
Silver coin minted during the reign of the Gupta king Kumara Gupta I (414–55 AD) Headquarters of India's central bank, the Reserve Bank of India, in Mumbai. The 1000 rupee note is the highest denomination printed. Performance of Indian states in providing basi..
Economy of Indonesia
Economy of Indonesia Currency Rupiah Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations APEC, ASEAN, WTO, OPEC Statistics [link] GDP ranking 15th GDP 9bn (2005) GDP growth 5.6% (2005) GDP per capita ,700 (2005) GDP by sector agriculture (16.6%), industry (43.6%), services (39.9%) (..
Economy of Iran
Economy of Iran Currency Iranian rial (IRR) Fiscal year 21 March - 20 March Trade organisations OPEC, WTO (observer) Statistics GDP ranking 20th (2005 est.) [link] GDP (PPP) 2.8 billion (2005 est.) GDP growth 4.8% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,100 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agricult..
Economy of Iraq
Economy of Iraq Currency New Iraqi dinar (NID) as of 22 January 2004 Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations OPEC Statistics GDP ranking 60th (2004 est.) [link] GDP .1 billion (2005 est.) GDP growth 2.4% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,400 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agricul..
Economy of Isan
Cattle in Isan The economy of Isan is dominated by agriculture, although output is poor and this sector is decreasing in importance at the expense of trade and the service sector. Most of the population is poor and badly educated. Many labourers have been driven by poverty to seek work in ot..
Economy of Israel
State of Israel Geography Land of Israel · Districts · Cities Transport · Mediterranean Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa History of Israel Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl · Flag Balfour · Mand..
Economy of Italy
The Italian economy has changed dramatically since the end of World War II. From an agriculturally based economy, it has developed into an industrial country ranked as the world's fifth-largest economy in USD exchange-rate terms and eighth largest in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). Italy bel..
Economy of Jamaica
Jamaica has natural resources, primarily bauxite, and an ideal climate conducive to agriculture and tourism. The discovery of bauxite in the 1940s and the subsequent establishment of the bauxite-alumina industry shifted Jamaica's economy from sugar and bananas. By the 1970s, Jamaica had emerged as a..
Economy of Japan
Economy of Japan Currency 1 Japanese Yen (¥JPY) Fiscal year 1 April – 31 March Trade organisations APEC, WTO and OECD Statistics [link] GDP ranking 3rd by volume (at PPP) (2005); 12th by per capita (at PPP) (2005) GDP .9 trillion (2005) GDP growth 2.4% (2005 est.) GDP per c..
Economy of Jersey
Economy - overview: The economy of Jersey is based largely on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represent..
Economy of Jordan
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Geography Governorates · Cities Transport · The Mediterranean Dead Sea · Red Sea · Amman History of Jordan Transjordan · Black September Sykes-Picot Agreement · Mandate of Palastine · PLO Arab-Israeli conflict 1948 War
..
Economy of Karachi
Karachi is the financial capital of Pakistan. It accounts for the lion's share of Pakistan's GDP and generates 65 percent of the national revenue. Most of Pakistan's public and private banks have their head offices in Karachi. Besides banking and finance, Karachi also hosts the offices of foreign..
Economy of Kazakhstan
Economy of Kazakhstan Currency 1 Tenge = 100 tiyin Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS, EURASEC, SCO, WTO(Observer) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 58th (2004) [link] GDP 8.4 billion (2004) GDP growth 9.1% (2004) GDP per capita ,800(2004) GDP by sector a..
Economy of Kenya
After independence, Kenya promoted rapid economic growth through public investment, encouragement of smallholder agricultural production, and incentives for private (often foreign) industrial investment. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an annual average of 6.6% from 1963 to 1973. Agricultural p..
Economy of Kerala
Agriculture dominates the Keralite economy. Kerala lags behind many other Indian states and territories in terms of per capita GDP (11,819 INR.) and economic productivity. However, Kerala's Human Development Index and standard of living statistics are the best in India.. Indeed, in select develop..
Economy of Kiribati
The Republic of Kiribati's per capita Gross National Product of less than $1000 makes it one of the poorest countries in the world. Phosphates had been profitably exported from Banaba Island since the turn of the century, but the deposits were exhausted in 1979. The economy now depends on foreign as..
Economy of Kochi
Kochi ([pronunciation][Media help?]·[i]; Malayalam: കൊച്ചി [Kocci]); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in southern India, and the commercial hub of the state of Kerala. In recent years the city has witnessed heavy investment, posting a GDP..
Economy of Kolkata
Kolkata is the main business, commercial and financial hub of eastern India and the main port of communication for the North-East Indian states.Kolkata is home to India's second-largest bourse [CSE Factbook]. Calcutta Stock Exchange Association Ltd. — The Calcutta Stock Ex..
Economy of Korea
Economy of Korea may refer to: Economy of South KoreaEconomy of North Korea This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. ..
Economy of Kuwait
Economy of Kuwait Currency Kuwaiti dinar (KD) Fiscal year 1 April–31 March Trade organisations WTO and OPEC Statistics GDP ranking 76th (2004) [link] GDP billion (2004 est.) GDP growth 6.8% (2004 est.) GDP per capita ,300 (2004 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (0.4%), indus..
Economy of Kyrgyzstan
Economy of Kyrgyzstan Currency 1 Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) = 100 tyiyn Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations WTO, CIS and EURASEC Statistics GDP ranking 141st [link] GDP .495 billion (2004 est.) GDP growth 6% (2004 est.) GDP per capita ,700 (2004 est.) GDP by sector agricultu..
Economy of Laos
Laos is a landlocked country with an inadequate infrastructure and a largely unskilled work force. The country's per capita income in 2004 was estimated to be $1,900 on a purchasing power parity-basis. Agriculture, mostly subsistence rice farming, dominates the economy, employing an estimated 85% o..
Economy of Latvia
Latvia has the fastest growing economy in Europe. It has had high GDP growth since 2000. In 2003, GDP growth was 7.5% and inflation was 2.9%. Unemployment was 8.8% in 2003, almost unchanged compared to the previous two years. Privatization is mostly complete, except for some of the large state-owned..
Economy of Lebanon
Contents 1 History2 Macro-economic trend3 Statistics4 See also5 Reference History The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. Pea..
Economy of Leeds
Leeds has a diverse economy with the service sector now dominating over the city's manufacturing industries. It has in the past been served well by its canal, and today by its rail network at Leeds station, from where MetroTrains operate to all parts of West Yorkshire and other operators to the re..
Economy of Lesotho
Lesotho's economy is based on agriculture, livestock, manufacturing, and the earnings of laborers employed in South Africa. Lesotho is geographically surrounded by South Africa and economically integrated with it as well. The majority of households subsist on farming or migrant labor, primarily mine..
Economy of Liberia
A civil war in 1989-96 destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Many businessmen fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Some returned during 1997. Many will not return. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a c..
Economy of Libya
Libya's socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the petroleum sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa. Since the year 2000 more ..
Economy of Liechtenstein
Economy - overview: Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. Low busine..
Economy of Lithuania
Contents 1 Overview2 In greater depth3 Statistics4 See also Overview Lithuania, the Baltic state that has conducted the most trade with Russia, faced its own economic and financial crisis in 1999 as a result of the government's wrongfooted economic policies and its inadequate ..
Economy of Luxembourg
The economy of Luxembourg is largely dependent on the banking and steel sectors. Luxembourgians enjoy the highest per capita gross domestic products in the world. Although Luxembourg in tourist literature is aptly called the "Green Heart of Europe", its pastoral land coexists with a highly industr..
Economy of Macau
The economy of Macau is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has..
Economy of Madagascar
Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for 34% of GDP and contributing more than 70% to export earnings. Industry features textile manufacturing and the processing of agricultural products. Growth in output in 1992-97 averaged less than the growth rat..
Economy of Malawi
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Malaysia
Economy of Malaysia Currency 1 Ringgit = 100 sen Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations APEC, ASEAN, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 33rd GDP 0bn (2005) GDP growth 7.4% (2004) GDP per capita ,160 (2005) GDP by sector agriculture (7.3%), industry (33.5%), services (59...
Economy of Maldives
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Mali
The Economy of Mali is based to a large extent on agriculture. Mali is among the ten poorest nations of the world and is dependent upon foreign aid. The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of Mali was $820 in 1999. Its potential wealth lies in mining and the production of agricultural commodi..
Economy of Malta
The strengths of the economy of Malta are its limestone, a favourable geographic location, and a productive labour force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited freshwater supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. The economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing (es..
Economy of Manchukuo
The factual accuracy of this article is [Accuracy disputedisputed]. Please see the relevant discussion on the [and guided in centralizing the local mining and heavy industry. These government empires organized and implemented two five-year plans during the 1930s (reminiscent of So..
Economy of Martinique
Economy - overview: The economy is based on trade. Agriculture accounts for about 6% of GDP and the small industrial sector for 11%. Sugar production has declined, with most of the sugarcane now used for the production of rum. Banana exports are increasing, going mostly to France. The bulk of meat, ..
Economy of Mauritania
Economy of Mauritania Currency Ouguiya Fiscal year Calendar Year Trade organisations AU, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 153rd (2004) [link] GDP .534 billion (2004) GDP growth 3% (2004) GDP per capita ,800 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (25%), industry (29%..
Economy of Mauritius
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Mayotte
Economy - overview: Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily depe..
Economy of Mexico
Economy of Mexico Currency peso ($, MXN) = 100 centavos (¢) International agreements NAFTA, WTO, G-3 and others Statistics[link] [link] GDP ranking 12th (PPP 2005), 13th official exchange rate (2005) GDP PPP .066 billion (2005) GDP official exchange rate 7 billi..
Economy of Moldova
Economy of Moldova Currency Moldovan leu (MDL) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations WTO, GUUAM Statistics GDP ranking 140th (2004 est.) [link] GDP .367 billion (2005 est.) GDP growth 6% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,100 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (20.5%), indust..
Economy of Monaco
This is an overview of the economy of Monaco. Monaco, situated on the French coast of the Mediterranean Sea, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting indu..
Economy of Mongolia
Economy of Mongolia Currency 1 tugrik (MNT) = 100 mongo Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations WTO Statistics GDP ranking 152nd (2004 est.) [link] GDP .332 billion (2004 est.) GDP growth 10.6% according to official estimate (2004 est.) GDP per capita ,900 (2004 est.) GDP b..
Economy of Montenegro
Contents 1 Overview2 History2.1 Post-War Period2.2 Post-Yugoslavian Period2.3 Divergence from Serbian Influence3 Notes4 See also Overview GDP (purchasing power parity): $ 2.412 billion (2005 (Source: CIA [link]) est.)GDP (official exchange rate): $1.1..
Economy of Montserrat
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Morocco
Morocco's economy is considered a liberal economy governed by the law of supply and demand although certain economic sectors still remain in the hands of the government. The economic system of the country presents several facets. It is characterized by a large opening towards the outside. We can q..
Economy of Mozambique
Economy - overview: At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These ste..
Economy of Mumbai
Mumbai Skyline Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is the commercial capital of India, contributing 10% of factory employment, 33% of income tax collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of India's foreign trade and rupees 40,000 crore (US $9 billio..
Economy of Myanmar
Myanmar has a mixed economy. The private sector dominates in agriculture, light industry, and transport activities. The state controls mainly the energy, heavy industry, and the rice trade. Government policy in the 11 years, 1989-99, was aimed at revitalizing the economy within three decades of ti..
Economy of Namibia
The economy of Namibia is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 20% of GDP. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa, the world'..
Economy of Nauru
Contents 1 Economic Overview2 Economic statistics3 Employment4 Trade5 See also Economic Overview Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within a few years. Phosphate production has decline..
Economy of Nepal
An isolated, agrarian society until the mid-20th century, Nepal entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. The country has, however, made progress toward sustainable economic growth since the 1950s and is committe..
Economy of New Caledonia
Economy - overview: New Caledonia has more than 20% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a negligible amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and fo..
Economy of New York City
The economy of New York City is one of the largest regional economies in the United States. The city is a global center for business and commerce and one of the main cities that control world finance along with London, Paris and Tokyo. It is considered by many to be the financial capital of ..
Economy of New Zealand
Economy of New Zealand Currency 1 New Zealand Dollar (NZD$) = 100 cents Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June Trade organisations APEC, WTO and OECD Statistics [link] GDP ranking 57th by volume (at PPP) (2005); 28th by per capita (at PPP) (2005) GDP (PPP) .51 billion (2004 est.) GDP growth ..
Economy of Nicaragua
Nicaragua is one of the northern hemisphere's poorest countries, with low per capita income, flagging socio-economic indicators, and huge external debt. The country has made significant progress toward macro-economic stabilization over the past few years - even with the damage caused by Hurricane Mi..
Economy of Niger
Niger is a landlocked Sub-Sahara African nation, whose economy centres on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, re-export trade, and a declining export of uranium. The 50% devaluation of the West African CFA franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products o..
Economy of Nigeria
The petroleum-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the..
Economy of Niue
The economy of Niue is heavily dependent on aid and remittances from New Zealand. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by grants from New Zealand which are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public se..
Economy of Northern Ireland
The economy of Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four Home Nations' economies of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland has traditionally had an industrial economy, most notably in shipbuilding, rope manufacture and textiles, but most heavy industry has since been replaced by services. To th..
Economy of North America
This article is a blank template based on the Economy of Europe article, therefore many headings and dates etc. are unnecessary as they reflect key dates and happenings in Europe's economic history. Economy of North America During 2003 unless otherwise stated Population: 495.4 million GDP (PPP)..
Economy of North Korea
A satellite photo of East Asia at night illustrates the harsh state of the North Korean economy in contrast to that of the neighboring countries in the region. North Korea's faltering economy and the breakdown of trade relations with the countries of the former Eastern bloc — especially follo..
Economy of Norway
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Norway Although sensitive to global business cycles, the economy of Norway has shown robust growth since the start of the industrial era. Shipping has long been a mainstay of Norway's export sector, but much of Norway's economic growth has been fueled by..
Economy of Oceania
This article is a blank template based on the Economy of Europe article, therefore many headings and dates etc. are unnessecary as they reflect key dates and happenings in Europe's economic history. Economy of Oceania During 2003 unless otherwise stated Population: 32 million (2002) GDP (PP..
Economy of Oman
Oman is a remarkably stable country in the Middle East. [Current GDP per capita] has expanded continuously in the past half-a-century. It grew 339% in the Sixties reaching a peak growth of 1,370% in the Seventies scaling back to modest 12% growth in the turbulent Eighties and rising again ..
Economy of Pakistan
Pakistan is a developing country with the world's sixth-largest population, and an economic growth rate that has been consistently positive since a 1951 recession. At purchasing power parity, Pakistan GDP in 2005 was estimated at approximately $384.9 billion, larger than that of Saudi Arabia, but sl..
Economy of Palau
Economy - overview: The economy of Palau consists primarily of subsistence agriculture and fishing. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the United States. The population enjoys a per capita income of more than twice that of the Philipp..
Economy of Panama
Because of its key geographic location, Panama's economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism. The hand-over of the canal and military installations by the US has given rise to new construction projects. Panama's economy is based primarily on a well-developed se..
Economy of Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by the rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for the bulk of the population. Mineral deposits, including oil, copper, and gold, account..
Economy of Paraguay
Paraguay has a market economy and is marked by a large informal sector. The informal sector features both reexport of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. Because of the importance of the informal sector..
Economy of Paris
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. ''Please read the important note at the end of this article for an explanation of the (AU) and (IdF) abbre..
Economy of Peru
Some of the information in this has not been [Verifiabilityverified] and might not be reliable. It should be checked for inaccuracies and modified as needed, [cite sourcesciting sources]. This article is about the economy of Peru, a country in South America. Contents 1 Ov..
Economy of Poland
Economy of Poland Currency 1 zloty (PLN) = 100 groszy Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU, WTO and OECD Statistics GDP ranking 24th (2005) GDP 5.9bn (2005) [link] GDP growth 3.3% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,994 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (2.8%), industry (..
Economy of Portugal
Portugal is a capitalist economy with a per capita gross domestic product two-thirds that of the four big Western European economies. In 1999, it continued to enjoy sturdy economic growth, falling interest rates, and low unemployment. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union of..
Economy of Puerto Rico
Economy of Puerto Rico Currency 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June Trade organisations CARICOM (observer) Statistics GDP ranking Not ranked GDP .37 billion (2005 est.) GDP growth 2.5% (2005 est.) GDP per capita ,500 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agriculture:..
Economy of Qatar
This map shows the mineral resources of Qatar. Petroleum is the cornerstone of Qatar's economy and accounts for more than 70% of total government revenue, more than 60% of gross domestic product, and roughly 85% of export earnings. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels (588,000,000 m³) s..
Economy of Quebec
The economy of Quebec, Canada is diversified and post-industrial with an average potential for growth. Contents 1 Overview1.1 Exports1.2 Imports2 Strong sectors2.1 Aerospace2.2 Ground transportation2.3 Other transportation2.4 Information technology2.5 ..
Economy of Réunion
Economy - overview: The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amou..
Economy of Romania
Romania is a large economy of central-eastern Europe, the 17th largest in Europe (purchasing power parity). Romania is an acceding member of the European Union, the other countries of which are its most important trading partner. Its capital, Bucharest, is the largest financial centre in the region...
Economy of Russia
Economy of Russia Currency 1 Russian ruble (RUB) = 100 kopeyek (копеек) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS, APEC, EURASEC Statistics GDP ranking (PPP) 9th (2005) [link] GDP (PPP) .589 trillion (2005 est.) GDP growth 6.4% (2005 est.) GDP per capita (PPP) ,100 (..
Economy of Rwanda
Rwanda is a rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa; is landlocked; and has few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary exports are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide destroyed Rwanda's fragile economic base, se..
Economy of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
The economy of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon possesses the feature that the inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing q..
Economy of Saint Helena
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Saint Lucia
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Salt Lake City
Rate of Unemployment* Year % 2003 6.7 2002 7.3 2001 5.0 2000 3.5 1999 4.0 *[UDWS Info] The economy of Salt Lake City, Utah is primarily service-oriented. While nearby Kennecott Copper Mine (the world's largest open-pit mine) provided a strong source of income during the 19th centu..
Economy of Salvation
The Economy of Salvation is that part of divine revelation that deals with God’s creation and management of the world, particularly His plan for salvation accomplished through the Church. From the Greek oikonomia (economy), literally, "management of a household" or "stewardship". Also called th..
Economy of Samoa
Economy - overview: The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featurin..
Economy of San Marino
Economy - overview: In San Marino the tourist sector contributes over 50% of gross domestic product. In 1997 more than 3.3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. In addition, San Marino sells collectible postage stamps to phil..
Economy of São Tomé and Príncipe
Economy of São Tomé and Príncipe Currency São Tomé and Príncipe Dobra (STD) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations N/A Statistics GDP ranking N/A (2004) GDP 214 million (2003) GDP growth 5% (2004) GDP per capita ,200 (2003) GDP by sector agriculture (23%), industry (1..
Economy of Sarajevo
Sarajevo is economically one of the strongest regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Like many other major cities, its economy is largely based on industries such as manufacturing and tourism. As the center of various levels of area politics, many Sarajevo citizens also work in government. A number of l..
Economy of Saudi Arabia
Economy of Saudi Arabia Currency Saudi Riyal (SAR) Fiscal year calendar year Trade organisations OPEC, WTO(Member as of December 2005) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 31st (2004 est.) [link] GDP 0.2 billion (2004) GDP growth 5% (2004) GDP per capita ,000 (2004) GDP by se..
Economy of Scotland
The economy of Scotland is closely linked with the rest of Europe, and is essentially a mixed economy. Scotland has the third largest GDP per capita of any part of the United Kingdom after London and the South East of England. Scotland was one of the industrial powerhouses of Europe from the tim..
Economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
The Economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages for the purposes of this article pertains to the economic situation in Scotland between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286 which then led indirectly to the Scottish Wars of Independence. The period corresponds roughl..
Economy of Senegal
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Serbia
This article is part of the series: Republic of Serbia History*of Serbia*of Vojvodina*of KosovoPolitics*of Serbia*of Vojvodina*of KosovoPresident*Boris TadićPrime Minister*Vojislav KoštunicaGovernmentNational AssemblyPolitical partiesElectionsForeign relationsSubdivisions*Regions*DistrictsE..
Economy of Serbia and Montenegro
The economy of Serbia and Montenegro entered a prolonged decline in 1989. Exacerbated by the economic embargo imposed during the Bosnian war, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) economy's downward spiral showed no real sign of recovery until 1995. GDP was nowhere near its 1991 level, but the N..
Economy of Seychelles
Economy - overview: Since Seychelles' independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard ..
Economy of Sheffield
Sheffield has an international reputation for metallurgy and steel-making. It was this industry that established it as one of Englands main industrial cities during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. This industry used Sheffield's unique combonation of local Iron, Coal and the use of water power sup..
Economy of Sierra Leone
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Singapore
Life in Singapore Culture Politics Economy Education Demographics Music Film Literature Holidays Languages Singlish Transport Religion Sports [http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit box] The Singapore Dollar. The Economy of Singapore is a highly developed a..
Economy of Slovakia
This article is in need of improvement. Overview Since the establishment of the Slovak Republic in January 1993, Slovakia continues the difficult transition from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy (a reform slowed in the 1994-98 period due to the crony capitalism and other..
Economy of Slovenia
Slovenia today enjoys both a prosperity and stability, as well as a GDP per capita substantially higher than that of the other transitioning economies of Central Europe. Although it comprised only about one-thirteenth of Yugoslavia's total population, it was the most productive of the Yugoslav repub..
Economy of Somalia
A Somali rancher herds cattle in Kismayo. Livestock represents the main form of wealth in Somalia Somalia has a market economy. It lacks natural resources and faces major development challenges, and recent economic reverses have left its people increasingly dependent on remittances from abroad..
Economy of South Africa
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of South America
Economy of South AmericaDuring 2003 unless otherwise stated Population: 364.24 million GDP (PPP): US$2.65 trillion GDP (Currency): Economy of South AmericaDuring 2003 unless otherwise stated Population: 364.24 million GDP (PPP): US$2.65 trillion GDP (Currency): Economy of South America..
Economy of South India
Comparison between North India and South India North India South India Per capita income Rs. 8433 Rs. 13629 Literacy 59% 74% Per capita expenditure on public health Rs.92 Rs.127 Proportion of households with electricity 49% 74% Source: Business Today, January 2005 T..
Economy of South Korea
Economy of South Korea ..
Economy of Spain
Economy of Spain Currency 1 Euro = 100 eurocent Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU, WTO and OECD Statistics GDP ranking 9th GDP (at PPP) 81.332 billion (2006 est.) GDP growth 3.4% (2005 est.) GDP per capita (at PPP) ,009 (2006 est.) GDP by sector agriculture: 3.4% industry: ..
Economy of Sri Lanka
Economy of Sri Lanka Currency Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) Fiscal year Calendar Year Trade organisations SAFTA, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 60th (2004) [link] GDP .58 billion (2004) GDP growth 5.2% (2004) GDP per capita ,000 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (19.1..
Economy of St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis punches above its weight as a center for corporate headquarters. Beer commercials have made the city well known as the home of Anheuser-Busch Breweries. Two local brokerages, A.G. Edwards and Edward Jones, as well as online brokerage Scottrade, have grown into dominant players on America's..
Economy of Sudan
Economy of Sudan Currency Sudanese Dinar (SDD) Fiscal year Calendar Year Trade organisations AU, WTO(Observer) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 62nd (2004) [link] GDP .19 billion (2004) GDP growth 6.4% (2004) GDP per capita ,900 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (38..
Economy of Suriname
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Swaziland
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Sweden
Sweden is an industrialized country. Agriculture, once accounting for nearly all of Sweden's economy, now employs less than 3% of the labor force. Extensive forests, rich iron ore deposits, and hydroelectric power are the natural resources which, through the application of technology and efficient o..
Economy of Switzerland
Economy of Switzerland Currency Swiss Franc (CHF) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade Organisations OECD, WTO, EFTA, JEC Statistics GDP Ranking (2003) [link] 37th GDP (2004) [link] 6.9 billion GDP growth rate (Q1 2005) 1.8% GDP per Capita (Q2 '04 annualised) ,800 GDP by s..
Economy of Sydney
The economy of Sydney plays an important part in trading, finance and distribution. As of September 2003, the unemployment rate in Sydney was 5.3%.Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005. [Sydney Statistical Division]. As of December 2005, Sydney has the highest median house price of any A..
Economy of Syria
Syria is a middle-income, developing country with a diversified economy based on agriculture, industry, and energy. Its [current GDP per capita] expanded 80% in the Sixties reaching a peak growth of 336% in the Seventies. But this proved unsustainable and it shrank by 33% in the Eighties. ..
Economy of Taiwan
Demographics - Economy - Education - Languages - Military - Politics - Transportation Culture Arts - Cinema - Currency - Dance - Funeral - Historic sites - Literature - Religions - Theater Geography Environmental conservation Hot springs History Pre-history Dutch and Spanish settle..
Economy of Tajikistan
Economy of Tajikistan Currency 1 somoni = 100 diram Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS, EURASEC, SCO, WTO(Observer) Statistics [link] GDP ranking 146th (2004) [link] GDP .95 billion (2004) GDP growth 10.5% (2004) GDP per capita ,100(2004) GDP by secto..
Economy of Tanzania
Economy of Tanzania Currency Tanzanian shilling (TZS) Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June Trade organisations AU, WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 104th (2004) [link] GDP .71 billion (2004) GDP growth 5.8% (2004) GDP per capita 0 (2004) GDP by sector agriculture (43...
Economy of Texas
The economy of Texas is a dominant force in the economy of the United States. One of the largest growing economies in the nation,Texas is home to six of the top 50 companies on the Fortune 500 list and 56 overall. Texas has an economy that is the second largest in the nation and the 10th largest in ..
Economy of Thailand
Economy of Thailand Currency Thai baht (THB) Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September GDP per capita ,400 (2005 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (9%), industry (44.3%), services (46.7%) (2004 est.) Inflation 2.8% (2004 est.) Pop below poverty line 10% (2004 est.) Labour force 35.36 million (2005..
Economy of the Bahamas
The Bahamas is a stable, developing nation with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Steady growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction of new hotels, resorts, and residences had led to solid GDP growth in recent years, but the slowdown in the US economy and the a..
Economy of the British Virgin Islands
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of the Caribbean
For more information, see these articles about Economy of the Caribbean. ..
Economy of the Cayman Islands
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of the Central African Republic
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of the Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America had an agrarian-based economy that relied heavily on slavery plantations for the production of cotton for export to Europe and the northern US states. If ranked as an independent nation, it would have been the fourth richest country of the world in 1860.Fred Bateman..
Economy of the Cook Islands
This article describes the economy of the Cook Islands. Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infras..
Economy of the Czech Republic
Economy of the Czech Republic Currency 1 Czech koruna (Kč) Fiscal year calendar year Trade organizations EU, WTO and OECD Statistics GDP ranking 39th by nominal volume; 39th by nominal volume per capita; 41st by volume adjusted for PPP; 36th per capita adjusted for PPP (2004) GDP PPP 7..
Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Economy of Democratic Republic of Congo Currency Congolese Franc (CDF) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations AU, WTO,SADC Statistics [link] GDP ranking 81st (2004) [link] GDP .74 billion (2004) GDP growth 7.5% (2004) GDP per capita 0 (2004) GDP by sector a..
Economy of the Dominican Republic
Economy of the Dominican Republic Currency 1 Dominican Peso (RD$) = 100 Centavos Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations WTO Statistics [link] GDP ranking 68th by volume (at PPP) (2005); GDP .71 billion (2003 est.) GDP growth colspan="1" valign="top" GDP per capita ,000 (200..
Economy of the European Union
Life in the European Union CitizenshipCultureDemographicsEconomyEducationEnlargementForeignrelations GeographyHistoryLanguagesMilitaryPoliticsSportStatistics The European Union has the world's largest economy, probably slightly larger than that of the United States of America with a 2005..
Economy of the Falkland Islands
..
Economy of the Faroe Islands
Economy - overview: After the severe economic troubles of the early 1990's, brought on by a drop in the vital fish catch, the Faroe Islands have come back in the last few years, with unemployment down to 5% in mid-1998. Nevertheless, the almost total dependence on fishing means the economy remains e..
Economy of the Federated States of Micronesia
Economy - overview: Economic activity of the Federated States of Micronesia consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remoteness of the location ..
Economy of the Gambia
The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Re-export trade normally constitu..
Economy of the German Democratic Republic
Economic activity in the GDR. Like other East European communist states, East Germany had a centrally planned economy (CPE) similar to the one in the former Soviet Union, in contrast to the market economies or mixed economies of most Western states. The state established production targets and..
Economy of the Iroquois
[Featured articles   ] Iroquois women at work grinding corn or dried berries (1664 engraving). The economy of the Iroquois originally focused on communal production and combined elements of both horticulture and hunter-gatherer systems. The tribes of the Iroquois ..
Economy of the Isle of Man
Offshore banking, manufacturing, and tourism are key sectors of the economy of the Isle of Man. The government's policy of offering incentives to high-technology companies and financial institutions to locate on the island has paid off in expanding employment opportunities in high-income industries...
Economy of the Marshall Islands
The government of the Marshall Islands is the largest employer, employing 30.6% of the work force, down by 3.4% since 1988. GDP is derived mainly from payments made by the United States under the terms of the Compact of Free Association. Direct U.S. aid accounted for 60% of the Marshalls' $90 millio..
Economy of the Middle East
The Economy of the Middle East is comprised of the countries of Southwest Asia and Egypt, namely: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. ..
Economy of the Netherlands
Contents 1 Overview2 Government Role3 Trade and Investment4 Sectors of the Economy5 Environmental Policy6 Other statistics7 See also8 External links Overview The Netherlands is a prosperous and open economy in which the government has successfully red..
Economy of the Netherlands Antilles
Tourism, petroleum transhipment, and offshore finance are the mainstays of the Netherlands Antillean economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. The islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure as compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer..
Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands
The economy of the Northern Mariana Islands benefits substantially from financial assistance from the United States. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. An agreement for the years 1986 to 1992 entitled the islands to $228 million for capital developm..
Economy of the Ottoman Empire
Economical History of Ottoman Empire growth period reformation period See also Capitulations Growth period Prior to the Siege of Vienna, Ottoman Empire was not subjected to regular diplomatic customs, nor was it recognizing the right to existence of the Christian states, which were consid..
Economy of the People's Republic of China
''The economies of the special adminsitrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau are separate from the rest of the People's Republic of China. For the purpose of this article, all text and figures shown relate only to that of mainland China unless otherwise stated. The economy of the People's Republic..
Economy of the People's Republic of Mongolia
On the eve of the 1921 revolution, Mongolia had an underdeveloped, stagnant economy based on nomadic animal husbandry. Farming and industry were almost nonexistent; transportation and communications were primitive; banking, services, and trade were almost exclusively in the hands of foreigners. Most..
Economy of the Philippines
The largest city in the Phillippines; Metro Manila The Philippines is a developing country in South-East Asia. In 2004, it was ranked as the 24th largest economy by the World Bank according to purchasing power parity. Important sectors of the Philippine economy include agriculture and indust..
Economy of the Republic of Ireland
[Featured articles   ] Economy of the Republic of Ireland Currency 1 euro = 100 cent Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations EU, WTO and OECD Statistics [link] GDP ranking 48th by volume (at PPP) (2005); 4th by per capita (at PPP) (2005) GDP 6.9 b..
Economy of the Republic of Macedonia
The breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 deprived the Economy of the Republic of Macedonia, then its poorest republic (only 5% of the total federal output of goods and services), of its key protected markets and large transfer payments from the center. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on its larg..
Economy of the Republic of the Congo
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Overview The economy of the Republic of the Congo is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an indust..
Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Despite common origins, the economy of socialist Yugoslavia was much different from economies of the Soviet Union and other Eastern European socialist countries, especially after the Yugoslav-Soviet break-up of 1948. The occupation and liberation struggle in World War II left Yugoslavia's infrastruc..
Economy of the Solomon Islands
A per capita GDP of $340 ranks Solomon Islands as a lesser developed nation. Over 75% of its labor force are engaged in subsistence farming and fishing. Until 1998, when world prices for tropical timber fell steeply, timber was Solomon Islands main export product, and, in recent years, Solomon Islan..
Economy of the Soviet Union
The economy of the Soviet Union was based on a system of state ownership and administrative planning. The Soviet Union forged the modern world's first centrally planned economy; and from a notably undeveloped position at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution, the Soviet economy developed into the mos..
Economy of the United Arab Emirates
Prior to the first exports of oil in 1962, the United Arab Emirates economy was dominated by pearl production, fishing, agriculture, and herding. Since the rise of oil prices in 1973, however, petroleum has dominated the economy, accounting for most of its export earnings and providing significant o..
Economy of the United Kingdom
Economy of the United Kingdom Currency 1 Pound Sterling (£) = 100 pence (p) Fiscal year April 1 – March 31 Trade Organizations EU,BCN,WTO and OECD Statistics GDP Ranking (2005) 5th by nominal volume; 13th by nominal volume per capita; 6th by volume adjusted for PPP; 18th per capita adjuste..
Economy of the United States
Life in theUnited States Arts and entertainment Culture Economy Education Health care Holidays Household income Human rights Languages Passenger vehicle transport Politics Poverty Religion Standard of living Social issues Social structure The United States has th..
Economy of the United States Virgin Islands
Economy - overview: GDP: purchasing power parity - $1.8 billion (1999 est.) GDP - real growth rate: NA% GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $15,000 (1999 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% Population below poverty line: 30.5% Household incom..
Economy of the Vatican City
The unique, noncommercial economy of the Vatican City is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. Vatican has its own financ..
Economy of the West Bank
Economy - overview: Economic conditions in the West Bank - where economic activity is governed by the Paris Economic Protocol of April 1994 between Israel and the Palestinian Authority - have deteriorated since the early 1990s. Real per capita GDP for the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS) declined ..
Economy of Togo
Contents 1 Agriculture2 Commerce3 Industry4 Statistics5 See also Agriculture Subsistence agriculture is the main economic activity in Togo; the majority of the population depends on subsistence agriculture. Food and cash crop production employs the majority of the labor ..
Economy of Tonga
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Tongan coin Tonga's economy is characterized by a large nonmonetary sector and a heavy dependence on remi..
Economy of Toronto
Toronto is a commercial, distribution, financial and industrial centre. It is the banking and stock exchange centre of the country, and is Canada's primary wholesale and distribution point. Its importance as a seaport increased after the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway, but has since diminished..
Economy of Trinidad and Tobago
To meet Wikipedia's , this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. The current version of the article was [Status_of_the_porting_of_the_CIA_World_Factbookimported from the CIA World Factbook]. Please discuss this issue on the [[Talk:|talk page]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] ..
Economy of Tunisia
Tunisia is in the process of economic reform and liberalization after decades of heavy state direction and participation in the economy. Prudent economic and fiscal planning have resulted in moderate sustained growth for over a decade. Tunisia's economic growth historically has depended on oil, phos..
Economy of Turkey
Economy of Turkey Currency 1 new lira (TRY) = 100 kuruş Fiscal year calendar year Trade Organisations WTO and OECD, customs union with the EU Statistics GDP Ranking (2005) 19th (nominal)by volume; 66th per capita (nominal) GDP (2005 estimate) 2 billion(nominal) GDP-PPP (2005 estimate) ..
Economy of Turkmenistan
Economy of Turkmenistan Currency Turkmen Manat = 100 Tenge Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations N/A Statistics [link] GDP ranking 127th (2004) [link] GDP .6 billion (2004) GDP growth 7.5% (IMF est) note: official government statistics show 21.4% growth, but t..
Economy of Tuvalu
The economy suffers from Tuvalu's remoteness and lack of economies of scale. Virtually the only jobs in the islands that pay a steady wage or salary are with the government. Subsistence farming and fishing remain the primary economic activities, particularly off the capital island of Funafuti. There..
Economy of Uganda
A family in a market in Kampala. Endowed with significant natural resources, including ample fertile land, regular rainfall, and mineral deposits, the economy of Uganda has great potential, and it appeared poised for rapid economic growth and development. However, chronic political instability..
Economy of Ukraine
Economy of Ukraine Currency 1 Hryvnia (UAH) = 100 kopiykas NBU official exchange rate 5.05 UAH for 1 USD(as of June 2006) Non-official retail exchange rate 5.10-5.15 UAH for 1 USD(as of April 2006) Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS and GUAM Statistics GDP (PPP) Ranking 27..
Economy of Uruguay
Uruguay's economy remains dependent on agriculture. Although agricultural production accounts for only 9% of the gross domestic product (GDP), agricultural-related products make up more than half of the country's exports. The industrial sector, which produces 16% of GDP, is largely based on the tran..
Economy of Uzbekistan
Economy of Uzbekistan Currency 1 som (UZS) = 100 tiyin Fiscal year Calendar year Trade organisations CIS Statistics GDP ranking 77th (2004 est.) [link] GDP .59 billion (2004 est.) GDP growth 4.4% (2004 est.) GDP per capita ,800 (2004 est.) GDP by sector agriculture (38%), industr..
Economy of Vancouver
The economy of Vancouver one of the most vibrant in Canada due to Vancouver's situation as the nation's gateway to the Pacific Rim, a major port, and the main western terminus of transcontinental highway and rail routes. Major economic sectors include, trade, film, natural resources, technology an..
Economy of Vanuatu
Vanuatu's economy is primarily agricultural; 80% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities that range from subsistence farming to smallholder farming of coconuts and other cash crops. Copra is by far the most important cash crop (making up more than 35% of the country's exports), follo..
Economy of Venezuela
The economy of Venezuela is still based on oil, although efforts have been made to develop heavy industry, e.g. steel and aluminium, and revive the agricultural sector. From the 1950s to the beginning of the 1980s the Venezuelan economy was one of the strongest in South America. The continuous grow..
Economy of Vietnam
This article only contains information on the economy of Vietnam after the year 1986; contributions dealing with the pre-1986 period are welcome. Contents 1 Macro-economic trend2 History after 19853 Agriculture and Industry4 Trade and Balance of Payments5 Miscellaneous6&n..
Economy of Wales
The Economy of Wales. In 2004, according to ONS provisional data, headline Gross Value Added in Wales was £39,243m, making the Welsh economy the tenth largest of the UK's twelve 'regions' (counting Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland alongside the nine English Government Office Regions). It is als..
Economy of Western Sahara
Economy - overview: Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and lacking sufficient rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. Most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and othe..
Economy of West Virginia
The Economy of West Virginia is one of the weakest in the United States(only Mississippi has a weaker economy) (citation needed). Coal is one of the state's primary economic resources. The effort of unions to organize miners is a violent chapter in the state's history. In 1933, the President of th..
Economy of Yemen
At unification, both the Yemen Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen were struggling underdeveloped economies. In the north, disruptions of civil war (1962-1970) and frequent periods of drought had dealt severe blows to a previously prosperous agricultural sector. Coffee produc..
Economy of Zambia
Zambia is one of Sub-Saharan Africa's most highly urbanized countries. About one-half of the country's 10 million people are concentrated in a few urban zones strung along the major transportation corridors, while rural areas are under-populated. Unemployment and underemployment are serious problems..
Economy of Zimbabwe
Economic Data GDP Purchasing Power Parity US .99 billion (2005 est.) Real Growth Rate -7.0% (2005 est.) -3.5% (2006 Govt. est.) -4.7% (2006 IMF est.) -4.1% (2007 IMF est.) Per Capita US ,100 (2005 est.) GDP Composition by Sector Agriculture 17.3% (2003) Industry 24.5% (2003) ..
Economy picking
Economy picking is a guitar-playing technique, for a guitarist who uses a pick. A hybrid of sweep picking and alternate picking, economy picking involves using alternate picking except when changing strings. In this case the guitarist changes to sweep picking, picking in the direction of travel: an ..
Econophysics
Econophysics is an interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in Economics, usually those including uncertainties or stochastic elements and nonlinear dynamics. Examples of econophysics include: using percolation mo..
Econosport
An econosport is a term used to describe a sport-performance version of a small economy car. It has also been referred to as a "sport compact" and, if the car in question has a hatchback design, a "Hot hatch." Volkswagen is credited with inventing the market segment with the Volkswagen Golf GTI, a..
Econo Lodge
Econo Lodge is a motel chain based in the United States. Econo Lodge is part of the Choice Hotels group. External links [Econo Lodge Hotels Worldwide] ..
EconSimp
EconSimp is a bioeconomic management model of the Barents Sea fisheries. It consists of two modules modelling respectively the Barents Sea ecosystem and the Norwegian fleet structure and activity. The ecosystem module is the multispecies model Aggmult developed at the Norwegian Institute of Marine R..
ECOO
ECOO stands for the Educational Computing Organization of Ontario. Established in 1979, ECOO connects technology to the educational curriculum. External links [Official website] ..
ECOOP
ECOOP (European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming) is an annual AITO conference. ECOOP is an annual conference covering topics on object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications. Like other conferences, ECOOP offers various tracks and many simultaneous sessions, and thus has..
Ecopack
Ecopack Ltd is a PET Bottles blowing company having largest share in Pakistan. Ecopack has a blowing capacity of over 200 million bottles per year. Brief Background: Ecopack Limited (EPL) is the largest manufacturer of PET Bottles in Pakistan supplying mainly to the (CSD) and Mineral Water Ind..
EcoPark
EcoPark located in Tuen Mun Area 38, on west side of Hong Kong, is similar to an industrial park exclusively for waste recycling and environmental industry. This is the first of its kind in Hong Kong. Contents 1 Introduction2 Design and construction3 Progress4 Public consult..
Ecophagy
Ecophagy is a term coined by Robert Freitas that means, literally, the consuming of an ecosystem. Freitas used the term to describe a scenario involving molecular nanotechnology gone awry. In this situation (called the grey goo scenario) out-of-control self-replicating nanorobots consume entire ec..
Ecophenomenology
Contents 1 Introduction2 References3 Bibliography4 External links Introduction Ecological phenomenology calls for originative thinking and an openness to the "laying bare [of] ... essential elements of human experience with the world".Stefanovic, 1994: 68 It calls "t..
Ecopoiesis
Ecopoiesis is a neologism created by Robert Haynes. The word was formed from the Greek, οικος, house, and ποιησις, production. Ecopoiesis refers to the origin of an ecosystem. In the context of space exploration, Haynes describes ecopoiesis as the "fabrication of a sustainable ecosyst..
Ecopolis
Ecopolis can be: A form of metropolis which is self sustaining, able to feed and power itself: Ecopolis (city).A settlement in Russia for a cult following the teachings of Vissarion, a man claiming to be the second coming of Christ.redirect [[Template:Disambig]]..
Ecopolis (city)
An Ecopolis is a large city that follows ecological principles. The word ecopolis is a portmanteau created from ecology (interactions between living organisms and the environment) and polis (a city state). It was used in a 1991 article by architect Paul F. Downton, who later founded the company Ecop..
Ecoporanga, Espírito Santo
Ecoporanga is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Espírito Santo. Its estimated population in 2004 was of 23.747 inhabitants. It is located in north Espirito Santo near Bahia and Minas gerais. ..
Ecoprovince
An Ecoprovince is a biogeographic unit smaller than an ecozone, and which contains one or more ecoregions. ..
Ecopsychology
Ecopsychology connects psychology and ecology in a new scientific paradigm. The political and practical implications are to show us ways of healing our alienation and to build a sane society and a sustainable culture. Theodore Roszak is credited with coining the term in his 1995 anthology, Ecopsycho..
EcoQuest
EcoQuest is a series of educational adventure games developed by Sierra Entertainment, and designed to teach children about the importance of environmental ethics. The author of the series is Jane Jensen, who also created the acclaimed Gabriel Knight series. The protagonist in EcoQuest is a 12-year..
Ecorates
Ecorates is an alternative currency system designed by EYFA to give people with different living standards equal access to events and subscriptions. The fee for the yearly activist summer camp Ecotopia and the Greenpepper magazine subscription are being paid in Ecorates. External links http://www...
Ecorchement
Ecorchement may stand for: French for skinning or flaying (depending on the context)A paraphilia defined as sexual arousal by flagellation This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to ch..
Ecorcheurs
Ecorcheurs (lit. flayers properly of dead bodies) were armed bands who desolated France in the reign of Charles VII, stripping their victims of everything, often to their very clothes. They were mercenaries without employment since the Treaty of Arras which ended disputes between Armagnacs and Bu..
Ecoregion
An ecoregion, sometimes called a bioregion, is "a relatively large area of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities." This description is part of a definition, by the World Wildlife Fund, that is widely accepted and used. However, the use of the ter..
Ecoregions in Australia
Ecoregions in Australia are geographically distinct plant and animal communities, defined by geology, soils, climate, and predominant vegetation. The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) was developed by the Australian Government's Department of Environment and Heritage. The f..
Ecoregions in India
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Andaman Islands rain forests (India)Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests (India)Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests (India, Myanmar)Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests (India)Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests (Bhutan, India, Nepal..
Ecoregions in the Philippines
The Philippine archipelago is one of the world's great reservoirs of biodiversity and endemism. The archipelago includes over 7000 islands, and a total land area of 300,780 sq. km. The Philippines were never connected to mainland Asia via land bridges, so the flora and fauna of the islands had to c..
Ecoregions of Canada
Deciduous trees native to Ontario are: sugar maple, white oak, northern red oak, black oak, tulip trees, Hackberry, horsechestnut, silver maple, sycamore and green ash. These trees are mostly what you see in southern ontario. Once you start going north though, you start getting pine trees as you ..
Ecoregions of Japan
Japan is home to a nine forest ecoregions, which reflect its climate and geography. The islands that constitute Japan generally have a humid climate, which ranges from warm subtropical in the southern islands to cool temperate on the northern island of Hokkaido. Japan lies at the convergence of thr..
Ecoregions of Madagascar
Madagascar, located in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa, is the fourth largest island in the world. Its long isolation from neighbouring continents allowed the evolution of distinct communities of plants and animals. It is home to five percent of the world's plant and animal species, 8..
Ecoregions of New Zealand
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forestsTemperate broadleaf and mixed forests Chatham Islands temperate forestsFiordland temperate forestsNelson Coast temperate forestsNorthland temperate forestsNorthland temperate kauri forestsRakiura Island temper..
Ecoregion conservation status
Conservation status of the Global 200 ecoregions is used to classify ecoregions into one of three broad categories: "critical/endangered", "vulnerable", or "relatively stable/relatively intact". The conservation status of terrestrial ecoregions is noted : CE for critical or endangered, V for vulner..
EcoRI
EcoRI recognition site In molecular biology, EcoRI (pronounced "Eco R One") is a commonly used restriction enzyme. It creates sticky ends with 5' end overhangs. The nucleic acid sequence where the enzyme cuts is G|AATTC, which is a palindrome as the complementary sequence is CTTAA|G. EcoRI, ..
Ecorse, Michigan
Ecorse is a city in Wayne County, Michigan, United States. The population was 11,229 at the 2000 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.4 km² (3.6 mi²). 7.0 km² (2.7 mi²) of it is land and 2.4 km² (0.9 mi²) of it (25.69%) is water. De..
Ecorse River
The Ecorse River is a minor river in southern Michigan. It flows through the Downriver section of Metro Detroit and is a tributary of the Detroit River. It is sometimes identified as Ecorse Creek. The early French settlers named it the Rivière aux Écorces, meaning the "bark river". The river wa..
Ecorse Road
is a major thoroughfare in the Metro Detroit area. This stretch of road extends from Ypsilanti, MI to M-39 in Allen Park, MI ironically never getting to The city of Ecorse. This segment of highway used to be part of Michigan State Highway 17. Expressway portion The portion between U.S. Highway 1..
Ecorse Township, Michigan
Ecorse Township was a township in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Although French explorers, missionaries, and traders frequented the area, the first existing record of a white settler owning land dates to 1776, when the Pottawatomi ceded a large tract of land to Pierre St. Cosme. One ..
ECos
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. eCos (embedded Configurable operating system) is an open source, royalty-free, real-time operating system intended for embedded systems and app..
ECOS
eCos is also the name of a real-time operating system. ECOS is the quarterly journal of the British Association of Nature Conservationists. The journal publishes articles on conservation-related subjects. Past contributors include: Jules Pretty; Paul Kingsnorth; Philip Chandler. External links &#..
ECosCentric
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. eCosCentric Limited is a privately held company dedicated to open source software, with a distinct focus on eCos. Founded in 2002 by the orig..
EcoSCOPE
The ecoSCOPE is an optical sensor system, deployed from a small remotely operated vehicle (ROV) or fibre optic cable, to investigate behavior and microdistribution of small organisms in the ocean. Contents 1 Deployment2 Specifications3 See also4 External links Deployment Alt..
EcoSoil™
EcoSoil is a type of soil designed to take advantage of capillary action used with Jardinier systems such as SurfaceFlow. Physical Properties EcoSoil is chemically uniform, relatively inexpensive and easily mixed. The soil has negligible shrinkage, with no soil compaction, provides adequate aerati..
Ecosophy
Ecosophy, and ecophilosophy, are neologisms formed by contracting the phrase ecological philosophy. Ecosophy refers to philosophies which have a predominant ecocentric or biocentric perspective such as ecofeminism, social ecology, and deep ecology. Meaning "ecological wisdom," the term was coined b..
Ecosphere
Ecosphere has several different meanings: In astronomy an ecosphere is an imaginary shell of space surrounding stars where conditions are such that life might survive. See habitable zone.In ecology the term ecosphere can refer to the global ecosystem of the planet (essentially the same as biosphere..
Ecosphere (science)
An Ecosphere is a glass enclosed, self-contained and self-sustaining closed ecosystem sold primarily as a gift. It can include tiny shrimp, algae, gravel, decorative shells, and gorgonia. An ecosphere Ecospheres contain some of the same essential elements that are found on our planet earth. T..
ECosPro
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. eCosPro is an eCos and RedBoot distribution created by eCosCentric and targeted towards the business market and professional developers looking..
Ecossaise
The ecossaise is a variety of contredance in Scotch style, especially popular in France and England at the end of the 18th century and in the beginning of the 19th. The ecossaise was usually danced in 2/4 time. The musical form was also used by some composers. Franz Schubert, Ludwig van Beethoven a..
Ecosse
Ecosse, or more correctly d'Ecosse, is the French for "of Scotland". Often displayed on Scottish cars to indicate its nationality, Ecosse stickers often feature the blue and white flag of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. Across the EU (European Union), it is legally required for vehicles..
Ecostove
This article or section may contain [External linksexternal links] added only to promote a website, product, or service – otherwise known as [Spamspam].If you are familiar with the content of the external links, please help by removing commercial links, in accordance with [..
Ecosy
Young European Socialists (ECOSY) President Giacomo Filibeck Founded 1992 Headquarters c.o PES, Rue du Trône,98 - 1050 Brussels, Belgium Political Ideology social democrat and socialist International Affiliation International Union of Socialist Youth Mother Party Party ..
Ecosystem
In ecology, an ecosystem is a combination of all the living and non-living elements of an area. Ecosystems are the smallest level of organization in nature that incorporates both living and nonliving factors. They can range in scale from a wide geographical area such as the Sahara Desert to somethin..
Ecosystem diversity
Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity of a place at the level of ecosystems. See biodiversity. See also species diversitygenetic diversitybiodiversity ..
Ecosystem ecology
Ecosystem ecology is the study of the movement of energy and matter through ecosystems. It is one of the fundamental disciplines of ecology. Ecosystem ecology operates at a scale above that of communities but it is defined more by subject matter than by scale. Ecosystem ecology deals with local..
Ecosystem engineer
Beavers are the stereotypical ecosystem engineer because of the effects their dams have on channel flow, geomorphology, and ecology. An ecosystem engineer is any organism that creates or modifies habitats. Jones et al (1994) identified two different types of ecosystem engineers: Allogenic en..
Ecosystem services
Ecosystem services are processes by which the natural environment produces resources useful to people, akin to economic services. They include: Provision of clean water and airPollination of cropsMitigation of environmental hazardsPest and disease control Accounting for the way in which ecosystem..
Ecosystem valuation
Ecosystem valuation is a widely used tool in determining the impact of human activities on an environmental system, by assigning an economic value to an ecosystem or its ecosystem services. Value of ecosystem services The simplest form of ecosystem valuation is to hold that an ecosystem has a value..
Ecotage
Ecotage is a portmanteau of the "eco-" prefix and "sabotage". It is used to describe (usually) illegal acts of vandalism and violence. As a term it goes back to 1972 and predates the more recent neologism "eco-terrorism." Ecotage is also referred to as ecodefense or monkeywrenching. The Earth Li..
Ecotage!
Ecotage! was a 1972 paperback book edited by Sam Love and published by Pocket Books. The book was a collection of ideas that had been solicited by the group Environmental Action over the previous year in preparation for the publication of the book, for using sabotage, attention-grabbing stunts, and..
EcoTalk
EcoTalk is a weekly radio show on the Air America Radio network, hosted by Betsy Rosenberg. Rosenberg is a long-time radio journalist who has focused on environmental issues for the past eight years. The show airs Saturdays on some Air America affiliates from 12PM - 1PM ET. External links [O..
Ecotarian
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since May 2006. Ecotarian is a term used to d..
EcoTarium
The EcoTarium is a science and nature museum located in Worcester, Massachusetts. The museum features several permanent and traveling exhibits, as well as a variety of wildlife including a polar bear named Kenda. Kenda's mother, Ursa Minor, lived at the museum until passing away in 2001 at the age o..
Ecotat Gardens and Arboretum
Ecotat Gardens and Arboretum (37 ha / 91 acres) is a non-profit gardens and arboretum located on Route 2 in Hermon, Maine, USA. They are open to the public without charge during daylight hours for tours, hikes, and cross-country skiing. The site is home to over 55 gardens containing over 1500 herba..
Ecotax
An Ecotax, short for Ecological taxation, is a fiscal policy often proposed by Green political parties and conservationist interest groups, intended to promote ecologically sustainable activities via economic incentives. Since sustainability is usually defined in terms of the depletion of natural an..
Ecoteaux
Ecoteaux is a municipality in the district of Oron of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. ..
Ecotec
Ecotec is a trademarked name that can refer the following diesel and petrol engines produced by General Motors: Ecotec Family 1 and Family 0 - Straight-4 DOHC engines produced by Opel PowertrainEcotec Family II - Straight-4 all-aluminum DOHC engines produced by GM Powertrain and Opel PowertrainCDTI ..
Ecotechnology
Ecotechnology means a profound understanding of ecosystems. All sustainable engineering that can reduce damage to ecosystems, and adopt ecology as a base and safety as an orientation in order to implement the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development, are called Ecotechnology.”Eco..
Ecotheology
Ecotheology is a movement that unites deep ecology with theology. Although Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, the Jesuit priest and paleontologist, died in 1955, long before the word 'ecotheology' existed, he has in his writings an ecotheology in substance if not in name. Ecotheology argues that a relati..
Ecotivity
redirect [[Template:Not verified]] Ecotivity is an abbreviation, or blend, of the term, ecological activity. An ecotivity is any activity that promotes the conservation or sustainability of ecosystems and bio-diversity. In more general terms, an ecotivity can be thought of as any ecologically frie..
Ecotone
An ecotone is a transition area between two adjacent ecological communities (ecosystems). It may appear on the ground as a gradual blending of the two communities across a broad area, or it may manifest itself as a sharp boundary line. Changes in the physical environment may produce a sharp bounda..
Ecotope
Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically-distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system. As such, they represent relatively homogeneous, spatially-explicit landscape units that are useful for stratifying landscapes into ecologically distinct features for the measurement ..
Ecotopia
Ecotopia: The Notebooks and Reports of William Weston is the title of a seminal book by Ernest Callenbach, published in 1975. The society described in the book is one of the first ecological utopias and was influential on the counterculture, and the green movement in the 1970s and after. Ecotopia..
Ecotopian fiction
Ecotopian fiction is a subgenre of Utopian fiction where the author posits either a utopian or dystopian world revolving around environmental conservation or destruction. Ernest Callenbach's Ecotopia was the first example of this, followed by Callenbach's Ecotopia Emerging and Kim Stanley Robinson ..
Ecotopia gathering
Ecotopia is an annual summer gathering for activists in Europe. It is a project by EYFA and takes place in a different European country every year. External links http://www.ecotopia2006.org/ - Ecotopia 2006 homepagehttp://www.eyfa.org/ecotopia - Ecotopia homepagehttp://www.eyfa.org - Eyfa homepage..
Ecotourism
Ecotourism means ecological tourism, where ecological has both environmental and social connotations. It is defined both as a concept-tourism movement and as a tourism (specifically sustainable tourism) section. Born in its current form in the late 1980's, Ecotourism came of age in 2002, when the Un..
Ecotoxicology
The term "ecotoxicology" was coined by Truhaut in 1969, who defined it as "the branch of Toxicology concerned with the study of toxic effects, caused by natural or synthetic pollutants, to the constituents of ecosystems, animal (including human), vegetable and microbial, in an integral context” (T..
Ecotricity
Ecotricity is a green energy company in the UK specialising in wind power. According to a recent article in the Ecologist magazine, in 2004 ecotricity invested over GBP900 per customer on building new wind turbines to generate sustainable energy. That is more than 100 times the amount invested per..
Ecotropism
Ecotropism or ecotropic indicates that a pathogen like a virus or a bacteria has a narrow host range and can infect only one or a small group of species or cell culture lines. See also Tropism, a list of tropismsAmphotropism, indicating a wide host range ..
Ecotype
An ecotype is a distinct entity of an animal, plant, or other organism that is closely linked (in its characteristics) to the ecological surroundings it inhabits. For example it is commonly accepted that the Tucuxi dolphin has two ecotypes - the riverine ecotype found in some South American rivers a..
ECourier
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. eCourier is a courier and delivery provider based in London and founded in 2003 by entrepreneurial Dartmouth College alumni Tom Allason and Jay..
Ecovangelism
Ecovangelism is an Earth spirituality closely aligned with the neo-pagan movement. Advocates of ecovangelism are generally environmental activists as the name implies. Unlike most (neo)pagans, they worship neither god nor goddess, but view the Creator as an emerging benevolence, and human beings as ..
Ecovillage
Ecovillages are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically sustainable intentional communities. Most aim for a population of 50-150 individuals because this size is considered to be the maximum social network according to findings from sociology and anthropology (Hill & Dunbar, 2002). La..
Ecovillage Training Center
The Ecovillage Training Center is a "total immersion school" for sustainability. It is located at The Farm, an intentional community/ecovillage in Summertown, Tennessee. The curricula of the center are "holistic and comprehensivist" and foster hands-on learning. Albert Bates, a long-time resident..
EcoWin
EcoWin AB is a provider of worldwide economic and financial market data. It is based in Gothenburg, Sweden, where it was founded in 1994. It has offices in London, Paris, New York and Gdansk. In November 2005 EcoWin AB was acquired by Reuters Group. [EcoWin AB] ..
Ecozen
An ecozen is a person who considers him or herself to be not just a citizen — not just a member of the human race — but a member of the ecological community as a whole. Ecozens hold the view that humans are inextricably linked to the earth's ecosystems — that our food, water, energy, health ..
Ecozoic
redirect [[Template:Context]] The Ecozoic Era refers to the promise of a coming era when humans live in a mutually enhancing relationship with the larger community of life systems. The Ecozoic Era could also be called the “ecological age.” The Ecozoic is the emerging time period in The Great St..
Ecozone
Ecozones are global divisions which have their own characteristic interplay of climatic factors, morphodynamics, soil-forming processes, living conditions for plants and animals, and production potentials for agriculture and forestry. Correspondingly, they are distinguished by different climates,..
Eco (computer game)
Eco is a management simulation game developed by Dentons for the Amiga and Atari ST. It was released in 1988 and pusblished by Ocean Software. In this game, the player simulates an amoeba undergoing an evolution process. The player must find nutrition and food for the organism, protect it from pre..
Eco (currency)
Interested in joining}} The Eco is the proposed name for the common currency that the West African Monetary Zone plans to introduce by 2009 in the framework of ECOWAS. See also West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA)Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) ..
Eco Airlines
Eco Airlines was an airline based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Contents 1 History2 Fleet3 See also3.1 External links History Eco Airlines was a privately owned airline which was established in 2004. It planned to launch operations in 2005 linking Brisbane to gene..
Eco commerce
Eco commerce is a business, investment, and technology-development model that employs market-based solutions to balancing the world’s energy needs and environmental integrity. Through the use of green trading and green finance, eco-commerce allows for the further development of clean technologies..
Eco Fighters
Eco Fighters, (or Ultimate Ecology in Japan) is an arcade game released by Capcom on the CPS-2 arcade system board on December 1993. The game is a horizontal shooter, where the player controls a ship with a rotating gun. As suggested by both its titles, the game has an "eco-friendly" theme. Exte..
Eco furniture
POSSIBLE COPYRIGHT VIOLATION If you have just labeled this page as a possible copyright infringement, please add the following to the bottom of [ Wikipedia:Copyright_problems/2006_August_26/Articles]* {{subst:article-cv|}} from []. ~~~~ The previous content o..
Eco League
The Eco League is a six-college consortium consisting of Antioch College, Alaska Pacific University, Green Mountain College, Northland College, Prescott College and College of the Atlantic. The consortium is unique, in that each college is in a different geographic area. Alaska Pacific University is..
E (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class E is the set of decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine in time O(kn) for some k. E is less important to complexity theory than the similar class EXPTIME because it is not closed under polynomial-time many-one r..

 

---

From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Article contents subject to the GNU Free Documentation License.

Search Titles

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

?