Encyclopedia : P : PR : PRO (7624 articles)

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"Proletarian Union" Committee of the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Communist Organization (in reorganization)
"Proletarian Union" Committee of the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Communist Organization (in reorganization) (in Portuguese: Comité "União Proletária" da Organização Comunista Marxista-Leninista Portuguesa (em reorganização)), a splinter-group of the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Communist Orga..
)project-open(
]project-open[ is an open source based web project management, financial controlling and professional services automation software for companies in the consulting, engineering, advertising and localization sectors. ]project-open[ is supported by a company of the same name, found..
.pro
.pro is a generic top-level domain for professionals. It was created in 2002 and is operated by the Registry Services Corporation. The intention of the domain is to signal to web visitors that the website owner is a professional with valid credentials, but so far .pro has not been popular. .pro ..
.properties
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one.Please help [[help:link|introduce links]] in articles on [related topics]. After links have been created, remove this message.This article has been tagged since June 2006. } .properties is a file extension for files mainly u..
/proc/meminfo
/proc/meminfo is a pseudo-file in the proc filesystem of recent versions of the Linux kernel. It is accessed to provide information about the current state of the system's computer memory, including information about virtual memory and the cache. It is the primary method for user-level programs to..
À Propos
À Propos is a Canadian radio program that presents French language music for English audiences. Host Jim Corcoran is a Quebec musician who includes translations with featured songs. À Propos began in November 1988 and is currently broadcast Saturday nights on CBC Radio One. See also Jim CorcoranM..
Épron
Épron is a commune of the Calvados département, in the Basse-Normandie région, in France. Its postal code is 14610. The INSEE code is 14242. ..
P.R. Olgiati Bridge
The P.R. Oligiati Bridge is a steel girder bridge that was built in 1984. It carries U.S. Route 27 and goes through the outer edge of downtown Chattanooga, Tennessee. ..
P. Roy Vagelos
Pindaros Roy Vagelos (born 1929 in Westfield, New Jersey) was president and chief executive officer (1985) and chairman (1986) of Merck, he was widely admired for attracting top research scientists who developed many major new drugs. His experience gave him an unusual perspective on mastering thr..
Péron
For other uses of Péron, see Peron. Péron Country      France Région Rhône-Alpes Départment Ain Arrondissement Gex Canton Collonges INSEE 01288 Postal Code 01630 MayorCurrent Term Christian Armand2001-2007 Intercommunality Lo..
Péronne
Péronne is the name or part of the name of several communes in France: Péronne, in the Saône-et-Loire départementPéronne, in the Somme département Péronne-en-Mélantois, in the Nord département This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the s..
Péronne, Somme
Péronne is a commune of the Somme département, in France. ..
Pérotin
Pérotin (fl. c. 1200) was a European composer, believed to be French, who lived around the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth century. He was the most famous member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony. Contents 1 Works2 Influence3 References and further reading4..
Pérouges
Pérouges Country      France Région Rhône-Alpes Départment Ain Arrondissement Bourg-en-Bresse Canton Meximieux INSEE 01290 Postal Code 01800 MayorCurrent Term Marie-Josèphe Cinquin2001-2008 Intercommunality Longitude Lat..
Pêro da Covilhã
Pedro or Pêro da Covilhã (pron. IPA ['peɾu dɐ kuvi'ʎɐ̃]) (c. 1460 – after 1526) was a Portuguese diplomat and explorer. He was a native of Covilhã in Beira. In his early life he had gone to Castile and entered the service of Alphonso, Duke of Seville. Later, when war broke o..
Pêro de Alenquer
Pêro de Alenquer (15th century) Portuguese explorer of the African coast. Accompanied Bartolomeu Dias in his journey around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487/1488. Latter wrote a description of Vasco da Gama's first voyage to India. ..
Pêro de Barcelos
Pêro de Barcelos (15th century/16th century), Portuguese explorer of North America, together with João Fernandes Lavrador. ..
Pêro de Sintra
Pêro de Sintra was a (15th century) Portuguese explorer of the African coast. He was the first European to reach Sierra Leone in 1460. ..
Pêro Dias
Pêro Dias (15th century) Portuguese explorer of the African coast. Accompanied his brother Bartolomeu Dias in his journey around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487/1488, having commanded the supply-ship. ..
Pêro Vaz de Caminha
Pêro Vaz de Caminha (c. 1450-1500), pron. IPA: ['peɾu vaʃ dɨ kɐ'miɲɐ], Portuguese explorer that accompanied Pedro Álvares Cabral in the discovery of Brazil, being one of the captains of the fleet. Caminha wrote what is considered by many to be one of the most accurate and detailed a..
PRO
PRO can refer to different topics: Performance rights organisationPublic Record OfficePublic relations professionalPRO (category theory): a construction in mathematicsPropuesta Republicana, known as PRO, a political party in Argentina ..
Pro
The Latin conjunction and prefix pro means for and frequently designates an advantage. Pro can mean several things: Look up [[wiktionary:|}}}]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Performance rights organizationProfessionalProline (amino acid abbreviation)ProstitutePro gamerProducer responsibi..
PRO-350
The Professional 325 (PRO-325), Professional 350 (PRO-350) were PDP-11 compatible microcomputers introduced in 1982 by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) as high-end competitors to the IBM PC. Like the similar Rainbow-100 and DECmate-II (also introduced at that time), they used the LK201 keyboard ..
Pro-Administration Party (United States)
Pro-Administration "Party" is a term used by historians to describe the supporters of the policies of George Washington's administration — especially Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's financial policies — prior to the formation of the Federalist and Republican Parties; it is also sometimes..
Pro-American sentiment
Pro-American sentiments among non-Americans are characterized by a favoring of American culture (especially pop-culture), a feeling of identity with the United States and its population, or a generally positive attitude to foreign or domestic policies of the United States. It exists in many countrie..
Pro-Am Community Theatre
Although repertory, revue, extra work, fringe and others may be regarded as Pro-am Theatre, the Pro-Am Community Theatre is part of that type of theatre which involves both paid professionals and unpaid amateurs with either having the chance of principle roles. The difference between this and the o..
Pro-am Theatre
Although fringe, repertory, revue, etc may be regarded as Pro-am Theatre, this particular type of pro-am involves both professionals and amateurs being cast in various parts in a production-rather than having the amateurs on the sidelines (as in extra work). Pro-am theatre started in Australia, mo..
Pro-ana
Pro-ana is a social movement promoting a view of anorexia nervosa as a lifestyle choice rather than a disorder. The pro-ana movement was most visible on the Internet between 2001 and 2003 and has subsequently faded in popularity. There are number of pro-ana websites and discussion groups where self-..
Pro-Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Newark
The Pro-Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Newark is a cathedral of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. It was the motherchurch of the Archdiocese of Newark and was the seat of its prelate bishop until the completion of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart on Clifton Ave. It is located in Newar..
Pro-choice
Pro-choice activists on the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court, to rally for abortion rights on the anniversary of Roe v. Wade. Pro-choice is a term used to describe the political and ethical view which maintains that a woman should control her fertility. This entails the guarantee of what suppo..
Pro-democracy camp
"Pro-democracy camp" (民主派) is a frequently used jargon by the media and academics to refer to the politicians and social activists in Hong Kong who advocate faster pace of democratisation and implementation of universal and equal suffrage. On issues of political and constitutional development ..
Pro-drop language
Linguistic typology Morphological Analytic Synthetic Fusional Agglutinative Polysynthetic Morphosyntactic Alignment Nominative-accusative Ergative-absolutive Active-stative Tripartite Direct-inverse system Syntactic pivot Theta role Word Order VO languages Agent Verb Object V..
Pro-ed
Pro-ed, which stands for pro-eating disorder or proactive-eating disorder, is a collective term for pro-ana and pro-mia. These movements consider eating disorders to be choices, rather than conditions. Pro-ana is more widespread than pro-mia. External Links [[link] The House of ED..
Pro-European
Pro-European is a subjective term applied to a person who supports the European Union (EU) and/or further European integration, specifically in the context of political argument over the current and future status of the EU and its policies. Antonyms include eurosceptic, anti-European and the pejora..
Pro-Euro Conservative Party
The Pro-Euro Conservative Party was set up by John Stevens and Brendan Donnelly, members of the European Parliament who had been deselected by the UK Conservative Party and believed that the Conservative Party was too eurosceptic. They stood in the 1999 European Parliament Elections, in which they ..
Pro-feminism
Pro-feminism refers to support of the cause of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement. The term is most often used in reference to men who are actively supportive of feminism and of efforts to bring about gender equality. A number of pro-feminist men are in..
Pro-feminist men
Pro-feminist men are considered by some to be a stream of the modern men's movement sympathetic towards feminism, that is they are pro-feminist. It seeks to add a male voice and advocate change by men in their gender relations and social, political and institutional structures. It can be contrasted ..
Pro-finite group
In mathematics, pro-finite groups are groups that are in a certain sense assembled from finite groups; they share many properties with the finite groups. Contents 1 Definition2 Examples3 Properties and facts4 Pro-finite completion5 Ind-finite groups6 See also7 R..
Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo
Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo, 415 F.3d 44 (D.C. Cir. 2005), is a case in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld the decision of the Patent and Trademark Office's Trademark Trial and Appeal Board {TTAB) to cancel the registration of the Washington Redskins football team, b..
Pro-form
A pro-form is a function word that substitutes a word, phrase, clause, or sentence whose meaning is recoverable from the context, and it is used to avoid redundant expressions. A pro-form is also used for the item questioned in a question, and such a pro-form is called an interrogative pro-form. P..
Pro-gay slogans and symbols
Pro-gay slogans and symbols are catchphrases, slogans or symbolic images which express support for members of the LGBT community, LGBT lifestyles and/or LGBT rights. Contents 1 Examples1.1 Rainbow flag1.2 Triangles1.3 \"Gays Bash Back\"1.4 \"We're here. We're queer. Get u..
Pro-Indonesia militia
Pro-Indonesia militias (also pro-Indonesian militias) were East Timorese paramilitary militia groups that formed to show loyalty to the Indonesian government during the movement for East Timorese independence in the late 1990s. Many believed that the independence movement would be unsuccessful, and ..
Pro-IV
Pro-IV is a Fourth-generation programming language, now owned by Northgate Information Solutions. It has a small but active community of developers, probably numbering between 1,000 and 5,000 worldwide. Pro-IV usual application domain is database-centric business applications. Pro-IV has some simil..
Pro-jekt
Not to be Confused with Projekt or Project Pitchfork Pro-jekt are an Electrogoth / Darkwave band. They were formed in January 2000, in Derbyshire, England. They engineered and financed their own demo album, and later signed to Nightbreed Recordings Ltd, in Aug 2001. Pro-jekt released their debut..
PRO-LAD
9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-PROPYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (PRO-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. PRO-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, and is around as potent as LSD itself with an active dose reported at between 100 and 200 micr..
Pro-life
Pro-life is a term adopted by a variety of movements focusing on bioethics issues. It can be used to indicate opposition to practices such as euthanasia, human cloning, embryonic human stem-cell research and the death penalty, but most commonly (especially in the media and popular discourse) to ab..
Pro-life activism
redirect [[Template:Not verified]] Pro-life activism is a term for activities, by individuals or groups, intended to influence public policy, or other's opinions, beliefs and behavior, in opposition to abortion and euthanasia. The efforts sometimes involve the dissemination of literature and servic..
Pro-Life Alliance of Gays and Lesbians
Pro-Life Alliance of Gays and Lesbians (PLAGAL) is an interest group of gay and lesbian Americans that support the pro-life position that life begins at conception and thus abortion is murder. However, they differ from most other pro-life interest groups because they also support gay rights. Conte..
Pro-life feminism
Pro-life feminism is the opposition to abortion based on feminism. It asserts that abortion is not a necessary right but has instead served to hurt women more than it has benefited them. Further, it states that abortion does not empower women but creates a disempowered body of women who are seen by ..
Pro-Line
This article is about the radio control accessory manufacturer. For the Ontario provincial sports betting game, please see Sport Select. Pro-Line is a major manufacturer of wheels, tires, accessories and bodies for 1/10-scale on- and offroad radio-controlled cars. The company was founded in 1983 ..
Pro-Mark
Pro-Mark are a drumstick, mallet and percussion product manufacturer located in Houston, USA. Their drumsticks are famed for superior quality and are used by many professional studio drummers and respected artists such as Neil Peart of Rush, Ian Paice of Deep Purple, and Ringo Starr of The Beatle..
Pro-mia
Pro-mia is a movement which views the condition bulimia nervosa as positive, promoting binge-purge eating habits as a "lifestyle choice" rather than an illness. This movement, along with pro-ana, has been criticised for creating an environment in which those suffering from eating disorders might n..
Pro-MPEG
Pro-MPEG – the Professional-MPEG Forum – is an association of broadcasters, program makers, equipment manufacturers, and component suppliers with interests in realizing the interoperability of professional television equipment, according to the implementation requirements of broadcasters..
Pro-Pain
Pro-Pain is an American heavy metal band that fuses groove metal and Hardcore. Contents 1 Members1.1 Former members2 Discography3 External links Members Gary Meskil: Bass / VoxTom Klimchuck: Lead GuitarEric Klinger: Rhythm Guitar / VoxJC Dwyer: Drums Former members Dave Chava..
Pro-Pain-Pro Wrestling
Pro-Pain-Pro-Wrestling or 3PW was wrestling promotion which was based around Philadelphia. They were an ECW-style promotion, running many of their shows from the old ECW arena, The New Alhambra. Run by The Blue Meanie, and partner Jasmin St. Claire they staged their first show on February] 15, 200..
Pro-p group
In mathematics a pro-p group is a pro-finite group [G] such that for any open (hence of finite index) normal subgroup [N\triangleleft G] the quotient group [G/N] is a finite p-group. Alternatively one can define a pro-p group to be the inverse limit of an inverse syste..
Pro-rata
Wikipedia does not currently have an encyclopedia article for . You may like to search Wiktionary for "[[Wiktionary:Special:Search/pro rata|pro rata]]" instead. To begin an article here, feel free to [http://encycl.opentopia.com/[not available] edit this page], but please do ..
Pro-sentence
A pro-sentence is a function word that substitutes a whole sentence whose content is recoverable from the context. Pro-sentences are a kind of pro-forms and are therefore anaphoric. In English, yes, no, okay and amen are common pro-sentences. Pro-sentences can be seen as interjections, since they ..
Pro-simplicial set
A pro-simplicial set is an inverse system of simplicial sets. A pro-simplicial set is called pro-finite if each term of the inverse system of simplicial sets has finite homotopy groups. ..
Pro-Test
Pro-Test is a British group that promotes and supports animal testing in medical research. It was founded on January 29, 2006 to counter SPEAK, an animal-rights campaign opposing the construction by Oxford University of a biomedical and animal-research facility,[University of Oxford News Releas..
Pro-verb
In grammar, a pro-verb is a word or phrase that stands in place of a verb (for example, in order that the verb not need to be repeated). It does for a verb what the more widely known pronoun does for a noun. It, along with pronouns and some other word classes, form the general group of word classes ..
Pro-Vice-Chancellor
In a university, an assistant to a Vice-Chancellor is called a Pro-Vice-Chancellor (also Pro Vice-Chancellor or Deputy Vice-Chancellor). These are sometimes teaching academics who take on additional responsibilities. Some universities (e.g., Macquarie University) also have a full-time Deputy Vice-Ch..
Pro-war rhetoric
Rhetorical genre is known to be recurrent form of discourse. Genres are credible common themes found within mass communications. Pro-war rhetoric is any type of literature or media that tries to gain support for war efforts. Pro-war Rhetoric helps to find commonalities within all cultures. The t..
Pro/DESKTOP
Pro/DESKTOP (commonly referred to as Pro/D) is a Computer-aided design (CAD) program from Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC), that allows users to design and model in 3D and create 2D drawings. It can transfer a 3D design into a 2D engineering drawing format and also create photo-realistic v..
Pro/ENGINEER
Pro/ENGINEER (commonly referred to as Pro/E or Pro) is a parametric feature-based three-dimensional Solid modeling CAD software created by Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC). Contents 1 Overview2 Modules2.1 Foundation modules2.2 Advanced modules3 Configuration4&nbs..
Proa
R. M. Munroe's 1898 proa A Proa is a multihull vessel consisting of two (usually) unequal parallel hulls, superficially similar to an outrigger canoe. Found in many configurations and forms, it was developed as a sailing vessel in Micronesia (Pacific Ocean), and forms of it may be found as far..
Proablepharus
Classification Genus Proablepharus Proablepharus kinghorniProablepharus naranjicaudusProablepharus reginaeProablepharus tenuis ..
Proac
ProAc is a British loudspeaker manufacturing company. The company was founded by Stewart Tyler in 1979. External links [ProAc Website][Brief history][A review of Tablette 50 Signature][Review of Response 1sc at Stereophile][Another review of Respons..
Proaction
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since July 2006. ProAction are a games comp..
Proactionary Principle
The proactionary principle, a phrase coined in 2004 by cultural strategist Natasha Vita-More (known for her writings and multi-media transhumanist works), is an ethical principle intended as a pro-innovation counterbalance to the more famous precautionary principle. Dr. Max More, philosopher who sp..
Proactive
Look up [[wiktionary:|}}}]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. To be proactive is to act before a situation becomes a source of confrontation or crisis. It is the opposite of "retroactive," which refers to actions taken after an event. The word is often misused to mean simply "active," meaning..
Proactive Academics
Proactive Academics is the modern approach to Homeschooling. It includes the use of instructional materials with proven records of success, outcome based testing to ensure quality education and an association or support group lead by an experienced and trained educator. ..
Proactive and Preemptive Operations Group
The Proactive and Preemptive Operations Group (aka PPOG or P2OG), is reported to be a clandestine military intelligence agency established in 2002. Although the actual status of the project is not entirely clear, P20G is said to have been created to thwart potential terrorist attacks on the United ..
Proactive maintenance
Proactive maintenance is a maintenance strategy for stabilizing the reliability of machines or equipment. Its central theme involves directing corrective actions aimed at failure root causes, not active failure symptoms, faults, or machine wear conditions. A typical proactive maintenance regiment ..
Proactiv Solution
..
ProAc Loudspeakers
ProAc is a British loudspeaker manufacturing company. The company was founded by Stewart Tyler in 1979. External links [ProAc Website][Brief history][A review of Tablette 50 Signature][Review of Response 1sc at Stereophile][Another review of Respons..
Proailurus
Proailurus was a prehistoric feline that lived in Europe approximately 30-20 million years ago. It is an ancestor of today's domestic and big cats. Proailurus was a compact animal, just a little larger than the domestic cat, weighing about 20 lb (9 kg). It had a long tail, large eyes and sharp cla..
Proalbionbaatar
Proalbionbaatar is a small mammal from the Upper Jurassic of Guimarota, Portugal. It's the most derived member of the order Multituberculata known from that locality, and shared the world with the much larger dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Albionbaataridae. The ..
Proanthocyanidin
Proanthocyanidin (also known as oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC), pycnogenol, leukocyanidin and leucoanthocyanin) is a class of flavonoids. It was discovered in 1936 by Professor Jacques Masquelier and called Vitamin P, although this name did not gain official category status and has since fallen o..
Proardea
Proardea is an extinct genus of heron. It stood about 70 cm (2 ft 4 in) tall. ..
Proarrhythmia
Proarrhythmia is a new or more frequent occurrence of pre-existing arrhythmias, paradoxically precipitated by antiarrhythmic therapy, which means it is a side-effect associated with the administration of some existing antiarrhythmic drugs, as well as drugs for other indications. In other words, it ..
Proastiakos
A Proastiakós train in Athens Central Railway Station Proastiakós (Greek: Προαστιακός, meaning "Suburban") is the name used by the suburban railway system of Athens, Greece. It currently connects Larissa station (Athens Central Railway ..
Proatheris
Proatheris is a monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, superciliaris, commonly known as the lowland viper. Also known as swamp viper, this is a small terrestrial species that has a limited distribution in east Africa. Contents 1 Description2 Habitat & diet3 Geograp..
Proaza
Proaza is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Santo Adriano and Grado, on the south by Teverga and Quirós, on the west by Yernes y Tameza and Teverga, and on the east by Quirós. Parroquias BandujoCaranga LinaresProa..
PROBA
PROBA (Project for On-Board Autonomy) is a satellite launched by European Space Agency (ESA) 2001 as part of the MicroSat program. This small (40×60×80 cm; 94kg) boxlike system, with solar panel collectors on its surface, has remarkable image-making qualities. It is a hyperspectral sy..
Probabilism
In theology and philosophy, probabilism (from Latin probare, to test, approve) holds that in the absence of certainty, probability is the best criterion. In moral theology, especially Catholic, it refers especially to the view in casuistry that in difficult matters of conscience one may safely follo..
Probabilistic argument
In some contexts, probabilistic argument means any argument involving probability theory.In some contexts, it means method of non-constructive existence proof in mathematics called the probabilistic method. This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with t..
Probabilistic argumentation
Probabilistic argumentation is a general theory of reasoning under uncertainty and ignorance. It combines the fields of probability theory and deductive logic, making it a probabilistic logic . References ..
Probabilistic encryption
Probabilistic encryption is the use of randomness in an encryption algorithm, so that when encrypting the same message several times it will, in general, yield different ciphertexts. The term "probabilistic encryption" is typically used in reference to public key encryption algorithms, however vari..
Probabilistic forecasting
Probabilistic forecasting is a technique for weather forecasting which relies on different methods to establish an event occurrence/magnitude probability. This differs substantially from giving a definite information on the occurrence/magnitude (or not) of the same event, technique used in determini..
Probabilistic latent semantic analysis
Probabilistic latent semantic analysis is a novel statistical technique for the analysis of two-mode and co-occurrence data, which has applications in information retrieval and filtering, natural language processing, machine learning from text, and related areas. Compared to standard latent semant..
Probabilistic logic
The aim of a probabilistic logic (or probability logic) is to combine the capacitiy of probability theory to handle uncertainty with the capacity of deductive logic to exploit structure. The result is a richer and more expressive formalism with a broad range of possible application areas. The diff..
Probabilistic method
This article is not about probabilistic algorithms, which give the right answer with high probability but not with certainty, nor about Monte Carlo methods, which are simulations relying on pseudo-randomness. The probabilistic method is a nonconstructive method, primarily used in combinatorics and ..
Probabilistic metric space
A probabilistic metric space is a generalization of metric spaces where the distance is no longer defined on positive real numbers, but on distribution functions. Let D+ be the set of all probability density functions F such that F(0) = 0 (F is a nondecreasing, left continuous mapping from R in..
Probabilistic number theory
Probabilistic number theory is a subfield of number theory, which uses explicitly probability to answer questions of number theory. One basic idea underlying it is that different prime numbers are, in some serious sense, like independent random variables. This however is not an idea that has a uniqu..
Probabilistic proposition
A probabilistic proposition is a proposition with a measured probability of being true for an arbitrary person at an arbitrary time. ..
Probabilistic relational model
A Probabilistic relational model (PRM) is the counterpart in relational learning of a Bayesian network. ..
Probabilistic risk assessment
Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) (or Probabilistic Safety Assessment/Analysis) is a systematic and comprehensive methodology to evaluate risks associated with a complex engineered technological entity (such as airliners or nuclear power plants). Risk in a PRA is defined as a feasible detrimental..
Probabilistic Turing machine
In computability theory, a probabilistic Turing machine is a non-deterministic Turing machine which randomly chooses between the available transitions at each point with equal probability. Equivalently, it can be defined as a deterministic Turing machine having an additional "write" instruction w..
Probability
Certainty series NihilismAgnosticismUncertaintyProbabilityEstimationBeliefJustified true beliefCertaintyDeterminism This box: [ view] • [ talk] • [ edit] ''This article is about probability. For the South Park episode, see Probably The word probability derives..
Probability-generating function
PGF redirects here, for other uses see PGF (disambiguation). In probability theory, the probability-generating function of a discrete random variable is a power series representation (the generating function) of the probability mass function of the random variable. Probability-generating functions..
Probability (Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode)
Contents 1 Plot summary2 Cast and crew3 Episode trivia4 Quotes5 External links Plot summary Goren and Eames are called in to investigate the murder of a homeless man made to look like the victim of a freak accident; when Goren digs deeper, he discovers a pattern of oth..
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex-valued function that describes an uncertain or unknown quantity. For example, each particle has a probability amplitude describing its position. This amplitude is then called wave function. This is a complex-valued function of the position..
Probability and statistics
See the separate articles on probability or the article on statistics. Statistical analysis depends on the characteristics of particular probability distributions, and the two topics are normally studied together. See also List of probability topicsList of statistical topics. ..
Probability axioms
The probability P of some event E, denoted [P(E)], is defined with respect to a "universe", or sample space [\Omega], of all possible elementary events in such a way that P must satisfy the Kolmogorov axioms. Alternatively, a probability can be interpreted as a measure on a &sig..
Probability current
In quantum mechanics, the probability current (sometimes called probability flux) is a useful concept which describes the flow of probability density. In particular, if one pictures the probability density as an inhomogeneous fluid, then the probability current is the rate of flow of this fluid (the..
Probability density
Probability density may refer to: probability density function in probability theoryprobability amplitude in quantum mechanics This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to change the lin..
Probability density function
In mathematics, a probability density function (pdf) serves to represent a probability distribution in terms of integrals. A probability density function is non-negative everywhere and its integral from −∞ to +∞ is equal to 1. If a probability distribution has density f(x), then ..
Probability distribution
In mathematics and statistics, a probability distribution, more properly called a probability distribution function, assigns to every interval of the real numbers a probability, so that the probability axioms are satisfied. In technical terms, a probability distribution is a probability measure whos..
Probability interpretations
The word probability has been used in a variety of ways since it was first coined in relation to games of chance. There are two broad categories of probability interpretations: Frequentists talk about probabilities only when dealing with well defined random experiments. The relative frequency of o..
Probability mass function
In probability theory, a probability mass function (abbreviated pmf) gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value. A probability mass function differs from a probability density function in that the values of the latter, defined only for continuous random var..
Probability of error
Probability of error in hypothesis testing In hypothesis testing in statistics, two types of error are distinguished. Type I errors which consist of rejecting a null hypothesis that is true; this amounts to a false positive result.Type II errors which consist of failing to reject a null hypothesis ..
Probability of kill
Computer games, simulations, models, and operations research programs often require a mechanism to determine statistically whether the engagement between a weapon and a target resulted in a kill, or the probability of kill. Statistical decisions are required when all of the variables that must be co..
Probability oriented philosophy
Probability oriented philosophy is a direction of philosophical researches which uses a language of probability theory to consider philosophical problems. In whole probability oriented philosophy[#endnote_Nalimov] is directed to delight corresponding problems from a new point of view: Lang..
Probability space
In mathematics, a probability space is the foundation of probability theory. It enables a precise definition of probability. Contents 1 Definition2 Examples3 Other concepts3.1 Random variables3.2 Independence3.3 Mutual exclusivity Definition A probability space (Ω..
Probability theory
Probability theory is the mathematical study of probability. Mathematicians and actuaries think of probabilities as numbers in the closed interval from 0 to 1 assigned to "events" whose occurrence or failure to occur is random. Probabilities [P(A)] are assigned to events [A] ac..
Probability vector
In mathematics and statistics, a probability vector or stochastic vector is a vector with non-negative entries that add up to one. Here are some examples of probability vectors: [x_0=\begin0.5 \\ 0.25 \\ 0.25 \end,\; x_1=\begin 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end,\; x_2=\begin 0.65 \\ 0.35 \end,\; x_3=\begin..
Probable cause
..
Probable prime
In number theory, a probable prime (PRP) is an integer that satisfies a specific condition also satisfied by all prime numbers. Different types of probable primes have different specific conditions. While there may be probable primes that are composite (called pseudoprimes), the condition is general..
Probably (South Park)
"Probably" is episode 411 of the Comedy Central series South Park. It originally aired on July 26, 2000. It is the second part of a two-part episode, the first being "Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?" Plot In this episode, the South Park children build a church to live in sinlessness, and do not go..
Probably approximately correct learning
Probably approximately correct learning (PAC learning) is a framework of learning that was proposed by Leslie Valiant in his paper A theory of the learnable. In this framework the learner gets samples that are classified according to a function from a certain class. The aim of the learner is to fi..
Probably Wouldn't Be This Way
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Probactrosaurus
Probactrosaurus (meaning 'before Bactrosaurus') was an early hadrosauroid iguanodont. It lived in China during the Early Cretaceous Period. The type species is Probactrosaurus gobiensis, described by Rozhdestvensky in 1966. It was a herbivorous dinosaur, about 17 - 20 feet (5 - 6 metres) in length..
Probainognathia
Probainognathia are mammal-like cynodonts, and are one of the two main branches of the Eucynodontia infraorder, with the other being the Cynognathia - a group that includes Cynognathus and the Tritylodonts. They were mainly meat-eaters, while the Cynognathians were plant-eaters. The Probainognathia..
Probainognathidae
Probainognathidae is an extinct family of meat-eating mammal-like reptiles (Therapsids) which lived during the Upper Triassic. According to some authors, it has perhaps two known members: Probainognathus from South America, and the somewhat later Lepagia from Europe. The family was established by R..
Probainognathus
Probainognathus is a genus of meat-eating mammal-like reptile (Therapsids) that lived during the lower Upper Triassic of South America. This creature had an incipient squamosal-dentary jaw-cranium joint, which is a clearly mammalian anatomical feature. It was at the very least closely related to t..
Proband
Proband is the first affected individual in a family with a genetic disorder who is manifesting the disease and is diagnosed so. Between the ancestors of the proband, there are other subjects with the manifest disease, but they might be unknown due to the lack of information regarding those individ..
Probands
Proband is a term used most often in medical genetics and other medical fields to denote a particular subject (person or animal) being studied or reported on. On pedigrees, the proband is noted with an arrow and the box (male) or circle (female) shaded accordingly. It is important to denote the prob..
Probate
Probate is the legal process of settling the estate of a deceased person; specifically, distributing the decedent's property. In England and Wales, Ireland (N. and Eire) and Commonwealth countries, and some U.S. states, probate is obtained by executors of a will while Letters of Administration are..
Probate Court
Probate Court is a court found in some jurisdictions which is primarily concerned with the proper distribution of the assets of a decedent. Probate Court exists to determine the validity of wills, enforce the provisions of valid wills, to prevent malfeasance by executors and administrators of estate..
Probate research
Probate research deals with finding heirs and proving their right to inheritances. Intestacy laws vary enormously from one country to another, however, a common factor is that a minority of estates exist where no entitled persons are known. On such cases solicitors in the UK, or Estate Attornies in..
Probation
:This article is about the sentence given to defendants as punishment for minor crimes. For use in a workplace setting, see probation (workplace). ..
Probation (workplace)
This article is about the status given to new employees of a business. For the punishment given to criminals, see probation. In a workplace setting, probation is a status given to new employees of a company or business. This status allows a supervisor or other company manager to closely evaluate th..
Probation officer
..
Probatio diabolica
Probatio diabolica is a legal requirement to achieve an impossible proof. Where a legal system would appear to require an impossible proof, the remedies are reversing the burden of proof, or giving additional rights to the individual facing the probatio diabolica. For example, somebody might paten..
Probatio pennae
Probatio pennae (also written probatio pennę; in medieval Latin; literally "pen test") is the medieval term for breaking in a new pen. A tenth-century probatio pennae: the first known Dutch language fragment. A scribe would normally do this by writing a few lines of text on a piece of blottin..
Probe
Probe is a generic term used to refer to a device used to gather information. A robotic probe is a device that uses onboard instruments to gather and relay a variety of telemetry to controllers from remote, hazardous or otherwise difficult to reach locations. Probes may return their data over radi..
Probenecid
Probenecid is a uricosuric drug, primarily used in treating gout or hyperuricemia, that increases uric acid removal in the urine. Probenecid also decreases the renal excretion of some drugs. In one study, probenecid was shown to more than double a patient's exposure to oseltamivir (trade name T..
Probert Encyclopaedia
The Probert Encyclopaedia is a concise online encyclopedia containing over 110,000 entries organized topically, written and published by Matthew Probert under the name Probert Publishing. It has unusual search functions which create pages containing the text of all the articles matching the search, ..
Probe (Philippine TV series)
Probe (formerly known as The Probe Team and The Probe Team Documentaries) is a Philippine public affairs program being aired on ABS-CBN and on its sister cable channel, the ANC. It is hosted by Cheche Lazaro and is produced by Probe Productions Inc., under a joint co-production agreement with ABS..
Probe (StarCraft)
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Probe (TV series)
Probe was a 1988 American television pilot and subsequent TV series created by William Link and Isaac Asimov which aired on ABC. The pilot and series starred Parker Stevenson as a misanthropic genius who solved high tech crimes. Characters Austin James played by Parker StevensonMichelle Castle pl..
Probe 7, Over and Out
'The Twilight Zone'' original seriesSeason five (1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5)'''Fall 1963 – Summer 1964List of The Twilight Zone episodes Episodes: In Praise of PipSteelNightmare at 20,000 FeetA Kind of a StopwatchThe Last Night of a JockeyLiving DollThe Old Man in the CaveUncle SimonProbe 7, Over ..
Probe droid
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Probe effect
Heisenberg uncertainty principle applied to computer software. In code profiling and performance measurements, the delays introduced by insertion/removal of code instrumentation may result in a non-functioning application, or unpredictable behavior. ..
Probe Entertainment
Probe Entertainment was British videogame developer owned by Acclaim Entertainment. In 2001, Probe Entertainment became Acclaim Cheltenham. It is responsible for developing Mortal Kombat and Mortal Kombat II for Sega Genesis and Extreme-G and Extreme-G 2 for Nintendo 64. Games developed Ami..
Probe plus
Probe Plus is a record label based in Wirral, England. They were founded by Geoff Davies who loves to promote small, unsigned bands. Probe Plus has a number of bands to their name including Kelso, Dead Poppies and Marlowe. However the label is better known for the indie band Half Man Half Biscuit w..
Probe Records
Probe Records was a sub-label of ABC-Paramount Records. It was started in 1968 as their label for psychedelic rock. Releases Number - Title - Artist [Release Date] (Chart) CPLP 4500 - The Soft Machine - The Soft Machine [1968] (12-68, #160)CPLP 4501 - The Mystic Number National Ba..
Probie
Probie is a term used by firefighters to identify a probationary firefighter, or rookie. For instance, in the TV series NCIS, Timothy McGee (Sean Murray) is refered to as "Probie", by Anthony DiNozzo (Michael Weatherly), and on the show Rescue Me, Mike Silletti, played by Michael Lombardi is called ..
Probing amendment
redirect [[Template:Not verified]] In legislative debate, a probing amendment is an amendment tabled by a legislator without the intention of seeing the amendment carried. The purpose of proposing the amendment is to provide an opportunity for discussion of a specific point. Under the British Pa..
Probing Lensing Anomalies Network
The Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET) collaboration coordinates a network of telescopes to rapidly sample photometric measurements of the magnification of stars in the galactic bulge undergoing gravitational microlensing by intervening foreground stars (or other compact massive objects). Th..
Probinsya Muna Development Initiative
The Probinsya Muna Development Initiative is a provincial political party in the Philippines. ..
Probiotic
Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeast, however lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most common microbes used. LAB have been used in the food industry for many years, because they are able to convert lactose into lactic acid. This not only provides the ..
Probir Sen
Khokhan SenIndia (IND) Batting style Right-hand bat Bowling type - Tests First-class Matches 14 82 '''Runs scored 165 2580 Batting average 11.78 23.24 100s/50s -/- 3/11 Top score 25 168 Balls bowled - 150 Wickets - 7 Bowling average - ..
Probištip
ProbištipПробиштип | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | | style="border: 0;" | {{{symbol_type City motto : Coordinates [42.0° N 22.10° E] Municipality : Probištip municipality Elevation m Population 10 826 ..
Probištip municipality
Probištip municipalityОпштина Пробиштип | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | | style="border: 0;" | Flag | style="border: 0;" | {{{symbol_type Municipality center Probištip Mayor Duško Jovanovski Mu..
Probit
In probability theory and statistics the probit function is the inverse cumulative distribution function, or quantile function of the normal distribution. The probit function is often denoted as [\Phi^] and is of type: [\Phi^: (0;1) \to (-\infty;+\infty) \!] Like the logit (lo..
Probit model
In statistics, a probit model is a popular specification of a generalized linear model, using the probit link function. Probit models were introduced by Chester Bliss. Because the response is a series of binomial results, the likelihood is often assumed to follow the binomial. Let [ Y ] ..
Problem
For other uses, see (disambiguation)}}}. Look up [[wiktionary:|}}}]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Problem refers to a situation, condition, or issue that is unresolved or undesired. Usually, the nature of a problem is such that an answer or solution is needed. In such cases, problem solv..
Problem-based learning
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical concept of "active learning" in tertiary education, but is currently being adapted for use in K-12 education. It was pioneered and used extensively at Mcmaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The defining characteristics of PBL are: Learning is d..
Problem-Oriented Medical Information System
The Problem-Oriented Medical Information System, or PROMIS, was a hypertext system specially designed for maintaining health care records. PROMIS was developed at the University of Vermont in 1976, primarily by Jan Schultz and Dr. Larry Weed. Apparently, the developers of Carnegie Mellon University'..
Problem-oriented policing
Problem-oriented policing (POP), coined by University of Wisconsin professor Herman Goldstein, is a policing strategy that involves identifying specific crime and disorder problems, such as occur in crime hot spots. With problem-oriented policing, the problem is analyzed and a strategy devised to t..
Problem-reaction-solution
Problem-reaction-solution is a contemporary term which relates to the Hegelian dialectic popularised largely through its influence at the foundation of Marxist theory. Problem-reaction-solution is a more streamlined interpretation of these ideas which is credited to the revisionist conspiracy theor..
Problematic
For other uses, see (disambiguation)}}}. Problematic is an Australian alternative/punk rock band from Broken Hill, New South Wales. Contents 1 Band members2 History3 Band members3.1 Former members4 Discography4.1 Albums4.2 Singles and EPs5 External links ..
Problematica
Problematica can be:- A pseudo-phylum used for animals or plants whose classification cannot be decided.The specific name of various biological species.This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you m..
Problematic (album)
Problematic is an album by ALL that was released in 2000. Tracks Carry You (2:00)She Broke My Dick (0:44)Better Than That (2:04)WWW.Sara (2:22)Roir (1:10)What Are You For? (2:11)Stupid Kind Of Love (1:56)Alive (1:52)Real People (2:17)Lock 'Em Away (1:49)Teresa (1:42)I Want Out (0:51)Crucifiction..
Problematic (disambiguation)
Problematic may refer to: in philosophy, problematic, a term used by Immanuel Kant to refer to a certain kind of judgementsProblematic, an alternative/punk rock band See also: problem. redirect[[Template:Disambig]]..
Problematic physics experiments
Physics experiments that attempt to be the first in their category tend to have a higher failure rate than normal. Experimenters are sometimes involved in a race to be first or are under other pressures to perform, equipment is often being pushed to its limits, and experimental techniques are someti..
Problematize
To propose problems. To problematize a term, text, opinion, ideology, identity, or person is to consider the concrete or existential elements of those involved as challenges (problems) that invite the people involved to transform those situations. (Friere (1976) cited in Crotty (1998), p. 155-156) ..
Problems of Communism (journal)
Problems of Communism was a professional journal during the Cold War which predicted the collapse of the USSR. p. 187 It changed its name to Problems of Post-Communism in 1992 and still publishes bi-monthly today. It is published by M.E. Sharpe. Notes External links [Official site] ..
Problems of fame and faith
When a well-known person claims to be a "Born again Christian", they can quite often be unprepared for the expectations of the Born again community, and the criticisms of the wider world. There is a temptation amongst the Born again community to look up to and view these people as leaders in the fai..
Problems with portfolio models
There are problems with the use of product portfolio techniques in crafting a brands strategic direction and positioning: The criteria are very general. Dimensions like industry attractiveness, market growth, market share, and business strength do not adequately assess competitive advantage in spec..
Problem (disambiguation)
Problem can be: problem - unresolved or undesired a situation, condition, or issueProblem (chess) - Yugoslav chess problem publication (1950-1987)Problems, a song by Against Me! from their album Searching for a Former ClarityThis is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of article..
Problem bank list
In American finance, the problem bank list is a confidential list created and maintained by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation which lists banks that are in jeopordy of failing. The list is closely monitored, and if problems continue with a listed bank, the FDIC takes control of the bank; it ..
Problem based embedded training
Problem Based Embedded Training (PBET) PBET is an instructional methodology that enables designers to create simulated mixed reality [link] (e.g.. augmented reality [link]) and virtual reality "missions" that are designed to meet embedded training objectives. This methodology ..
Problem Child
Problem Child may refer to: Films: ''Problem Child (1990 film)Problem Child 2, 1991[[Problem Child 3: Junior in Love]] A song: from the AC/DC album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheapfrom the Glue Gun album ''The Scene Is Not for Salethe 1977 single by The Damnedby the Beach Boys for the movie of the same ..
Problem Child (1990 film)
Contents 1 Tagline2 Plot3 Main cast4 Box office5 ''DVD'' Release6 Sequels7 Animated TV series8 Trivia9 External links Tagline He's So Bad, Even The Nuns Refused To Keep Him!Attila the Hun. Ivan the Terrible. Al Capone. They were all seven once. Plot..
Problem Child (Damned)
"Problem Child" Single by The Damned From the album Music for Pleasure B-side "You Take My Money" Released September 28 1977 Format 7" single Recorded Britannia Studios, Islington, August 1977 Genre Punk/Rock Length 2:15 Label Stiff BUY 18 Producer Nick Mason Chart positions N/A The ..
Problem Child (song)
"Problem Child" is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It is the fourth track of their Australian album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, released in September 1976 (see 1976 in music), and was written by Angus Young, Malcolm Young, and Bon Scott. "Problem Child" is the fifth track on the int..
Problem Child 2
Problem Child 2 is a 1991 comedy starring Michael Oliver, John Ritter, Laraine Newman, Amy Yasbeck (who plays a different character than she did in the first film in the series), Ivyann Schwann, Jack Warden and Gilbert Gottfried. It is a sequel to the 1990 film Problem Child and was followed by [[..
Problem Child 3: Junior in Love
Problem Child 3: Junior in Love (1995) is the sequel to Problem Child 2. In this sequel, Junior is in his early teens and is in love with a girl called Tiffany. However, she doesn't notice him. Unfortunately there are three other boys interested in her as well. Mr. Peabody had switched jobs again; h..
Problem domain
A problem domain is a domain where the parameters defining the boundaries of the domain and sufficient mappings into a set of ranges including itself are not well enough understood to provide a systematic description of the domain. This would be a target space of meta-tools designed to explore a do..
Problem domain analysis
Problem Domain Analysis is the process of creating a model describing the problem to be solved. Description Problem domain analysis is completely independent of solution domain constructs, and is therefore eminently reusable. Once the problem domain analysis is performed for a business domain, it ca..
Problem domain expert
A problem domain expert is a person who has become extremely able to solve problems in a particular domain, due to his or her training and experience gathered through the years. The term is most frequently used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in discussions of expert systems. ..
Problem finding
Problem finding means problem discovery. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem shaping and problem solving. Problem finding requires intellectual vision and insight into what is missing. This involves the application of creativity. ..
Problem Frames Approach
Problem Analysis or the Problem Frames Approach is an approach to software requirements analysis. It was developed by British software consultant Michael A. Jackson. It was first sketched in his book Software Requirements & Specifications (1995) and described much more fully in his book Problem Fra..
Problem novel
Problem novels are a sub-genre of young adult literature that deal exclusively with an adolescent's first confrontation with a social or personal ill. References ..
Problem of Apollonius
Apollonius' problem is to find a circle that is tangential to a given set of three circles. The three fixed circles can be of any size or distance to one another. There are eight possible solutions, as shown in the Figure. This problem can be solved using circle inversion. We first increas..
Problem of change
Philosophers who attempt to describe how an entity changes often refer to what they call the problem of change: how can something stay itself through change. In other words, how can an object change, whereby it would cease to be what it was anymore, in order to be a different item, but still remain ..
Problem of evil
In the philosophy of religion and theology, the problem of evil is the problem of reconciling the existence of evil or suffering in the world with the existence of an omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent God or Gods. An answer to the problem of evil is called a theodicy. Contents 1 History..
Problem of Hell
The problem of Hell is a variant of the problem of evil, aimed specifically at religions which hold both that: An omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), and omnibenevolent (all-loving) God exists.Some people will be consigned to Hell forever, and will be eternally punished. Contents ..
Problem of induction
The problem of induction is the philosophical issue involved in deciding the place of induction in determining empirical truth. The problem of induction is whether inductive reason works. That is, what is the justification for either: generalizing about the properties of a class of objects based on..
Problem of mental causation
The problem of mental causation is a conceptual issue in the philosophy of mind. That problem is how to account for the common-sense idea that intentional thoughts or intentional 'mental states' are causes of intentional actions. The problem divides into many distinct sub-problems. The sub-problem w..
Problem of multiple generality
The problem of multiple generality names a failure in traditional logic to describe certain intuitively valid inferences. For example, it is intuitively clear that if: Some cat is feared by every mouse then it follows logically that: All mice are afraid of at least one cat However, it is not possib..
Problem of other minds
The problem of other minds is the philosophical problem of determining how we know that there are minds associated with the bodies we see walking around among us. This is more specifically a problem of epistemology. The problem can more accurately be expressed by breaking it into several steps. We..
Problem of the futures contingents
The problem of the futures contingents designs a logical paradox first posed by Diodorus Cronus from the Megarian school of philosophy, under the name of the "dominator", and then reactualized by Aristotle in chapter 9 of De Interpretatione. It was latter taken on by Leibniz. It concerns the conting..
Problem of universals
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. The problem of universals is a phrase used to refer to a nest of intertwined problems about universals w..
Problem picture
A Problem Picture is a genre of art popular in the late Victorian era, characterised by a deliberately ambiguous narrative that can be interpreted in several different ways, or which portrays an unresolved dilemma. It is the pictorial equivalent of the Problem play. The viewer of the picture is invi..
Problem play
The problem play is a form of drama that emerged during the 19th century as part of the wider movement of Realism in the arts. A characteristic feature of the problem play is that it deals with problematic social issues through debates between the characters on stage, who typically represent conflic..
Problem plays (Shakespeare)
In Shakespeare studies, the term "problem plays" normally refers to three comedies that William Shakespeare wrote between about 1601 and 1603: All's Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure and The Merchant of Venice, although some critics would extend the term to other plays, most commonly Hamlet, ..
Problem shaping
Problem shaping means revising a question so that the solution process can begin or continue. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem solving. Problem shaping (or problem framing) often involves the application of critical thinking. Algorithmic approach ..
Problem size
In the fields of algorithm an