Encyclopedia : R : RE : REF (807 articles)

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R.ef
R.ef (Rave Effect) was a rave music group in South Korea. History In 1995, a group of three was formed and introduced rave music into South Korea. Consisting of 21 year-old pretty boy vocalist Lee Sung Wook (이성욱), 25 year old tough guy rapper Park Chul Woo (박철우) and 21 year old backup ..
Re-Flex
Re-Flex was a British techno-pop/ dance group featuring Baxter (vocals), Paul Fishman (keyboards), Nigel Ross-Scott (bass), and Roland Kerridge (drums). Their only hit song, "The Politics of Dancing," was recorded in 1982 and released in the U.S. in 1984, when it reached #24. "The Politics of D..
Re-Foc (album)
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. re-Foc is the first album by Rodrigo y Gabriela a guitar duo from Mexico. Track listing "Diem""New One""Foc""Georges Street/The Tartar Frigat..
Re-formed Congregation of the Goddess
The Re-formed Congregation of the Goddess - International (RCG-I) considers itself the oldest and largest religion exclusively for women. It was founded in 1984 by Jade River and Lynnie Levy. Most, but not all, of the members are in the Dianic Wicca tradition. The more than 2000 members are primari..
REF
REF may refer to Row echelon formRapid Equipping Force ..
Refaat ElGamal
To meet Wikipedia's and conform with our [NPOVNPOV] policy, this article or section may require [Cleanupcleanup].The current version of the article or section reads like an [What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapboxadvertisement].Please discuss this issue on the..
Refactorable number
A refactorable number or tau number is an integer n that is divisible by the count of its divisors, or to put it algebraically, n is such that [\tau(n)|n]. The first few refactorable numbers are listed in (sequence [[OEIS:A033950|A033950]] in OEIS) 1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 40, 56, 60, ..
Refactoring
For refactoring Wikipedia content, please see Refactoring other text (below) Refactoring is the process of rewriting a computer program or other material to improve its structure or readability, while explicitly preserving its meaning or behavior. Neil Roodyn recommends that "if you refactor, you s..
Refael Shapiro
Rabbi Refael Shapiro (1837-1921) was the famed Rosh Yeshiva of the Volozhin yeshiva and a son-in-law of Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin (the Netziv). After the Volozhin yeshiva was closed down in 1892 by order of the Russian government, he reopened it, albeit on a smaller scale in 1899. He was th..
Refahiye
Refahiye is a province in Erzincan, east Anatolia (Turkey). It is on the Asian Highway network. The province is known for its forests and mountains called Dumanli Mountains. There are a lot of local honey producers in the villages in Refahiye. It was greatly affected by the earthquake of 1939", and ..
REFAL programming language
REFAL (for REcursive Functions Algorithmic Language) is a functional programming language targeted at symbol manipulation: string processing, translation, artificial intelligence. Refal-5 is a dialect of Refal developed at the City College of New York and supported by Refal Systems Inc. REFAL is on..
Refco
Refco OTCBB: [RFXCQ] is a New York-based financial services company, primarily known as a broker of commodities and futures contracts. It was founded in 1969 as "Ray E. Friedman and Co." Prior to its collapse in October, 2005, the firm had over $4 billion in approximately 200,000 custome..
Refectory
Look up [[wiktionary:|}}}]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A refectory (also frater, frater house, fratery) is a dining room, especially in monasteries, boarding schools and academic institutions. One of the places it is most often used today is in graduate seminaries. It is derived from t..
Refeeding syndrome
Refeeding syndrome is a syndrome consisting of metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved or severely malnourished. It usually occurs within four days of starting to feed again. Patients can develop fluid and electrolyte disorders, especia..
Refer
Look up [[wiktionary:|}}}]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Refer can mean: to direct someone to another source for help or informationto transfer care from one clinician to anotherRefer (software), the troff preprocessor for citations This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page:..
REFER
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since March 2006. REFER, EP (EP stands for..
Referee
A referee is a person who has authority to make decisions about play in many sports. Officials in some sports are known by a variety of other titles, including umpire, judge or linesman. Contents 1 Origin2 Examples2.1 Basketball2.2 Boxing2.3 Cricket2.4 Football (Ame..
Referee (boxing)
The referee in the sport of boxing is the individual charged with enforcing the rules of the ring during a boxing match. Contents 1 The role of the referee2 Attire3 Criticisms4 Famous referees5 External links The role of the referee The boxing referee has many roles that..
Referee (disambiguation)
For an account of referees in sports, see referee.In some academic disciplines, a peer reviewer is called a referee.A referee can also be a person who provides a reference for a person as part of a job application or similar process.In US jurisprudence, a referee is a judicial officer whose jurisdic..
Referee (football)
A referee presides over a game of association football (soccer). The referee has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and the referee's decisions regarding facts connected with play are final, so far as the result of ..
Referee (professional wrestling)
A professional wrestling referee is the official figure that makes sure that wrestling matches move smoothly in an attempt to maintain kayfabe. The referee also has the ultimate power in the ring. Although depending it has been known for current owner/General Managers/Commissioners to(eg. Vince McMa..
Referee Billy J.
Bio Referee Billy J. is an independent professional wrestling referee, working for a number of pro wrestling promotions throughout the midwestern region of the United States. Referee Billy J. is the Senior Referee for Impact Pro Wrestling, Extreme Pro Wrestling and 3XWrestling. Referee Billy J. was..
Reference
For referencing in Wikipedia, see [Citing sources]. In general, a reference is something that refers to or designates something else, or acts as a connection or a link between two things. The objects it links may be concrete, such as books or locations, or abstract, such as data, thoughts..
Reference.com
Reference.com is an online information source (encyclopedia, dictionary, thesaurus, etc.) produced by Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. Search results on it come from: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English LanguageThe American Heritage Dictionary of IdiomsThe American Heritage Stedman's Medi..
References in Lemmings level names
The Lemmings games by Psygnosis included many levels whose names contained references to other works. Note that many are puns involving the word "lemming". Contents 1 ''..
References in On the Road
On the Road  by Jack Kerouac Published in:  New York, NY; USA Published by:  Viking Press Year of Publication:   Language:  English Catalogue code [ISBN]:  0140042598 See Also: On the Road is a novel written by Jack Kerouac (1922&nd..
References in Samurai Jack
These are in-episode references in the animated series Samurai Jack. Contents 0.1 ..
References in Star Trek
The writers of Star Trek have often made use of existing culture, sometimes as a central plot element and sometimes as a minor reference for the attentive viewer to pick up on. The references listed here need not be cultural – historical references or other noteworthy references are also liste..
References of Pragjyotisha in Mahabharata
Contents 1 '''References of Pragjyotisha in Mahabharata'''1.1 King Bhagadatta of Pragjyotisha1.2 King Vajradatta of Pragjyotisha1.3 The road to Pragjyotisha1.4 Vasudeva Krishna's attack on Pragjyotisha king Naraka2 See also3 References References of Pragjyotisha..
References regarding the United States Republican Party
These are the references for further information regarding the United States Republican Party. Contents 0.1 Primary sources0.2 Secondary Sources0.2.1 Surveys0.3 1854 to 19320.4 1932 to 2006 Primary sources Cantril, Hadley and Mildred Strunk, eds. Public Opinion, 1935-194..
References to Calvin and Hobbes
Bill Watterson's comic strip Calvin and Hobbes reached considerable heights of popularity, which as of 2006 it continues to maintain. Many later artists incorporated references to Watterson's work within their own, and Watterson's cartoon duo continue to appear throughout popular culture. While ma..
References to M*A*S*H
This chart features references made to the long-running television show, M*A*S*H. Television The Simpsons Bart of Darkness Skinner complains about being knee-deep in the original cast at the wax museum. Lisa's First Words It's 1983; Marge and some other women talk about the end of the series. ..
References to Star Trek
Since its original airing in 1966, Star Trek with spin-off series and movies has become part of (Western) pop culture. Highly recognizable, Star Trek has been parodied, spoofed and referenced in television series, movies, comic books and other contexts. The references range from overt parody to use ..
References to The Prisoner in popular culture
Themes from The Prisoner are persistently referenced and parodied in popular culture, appearing in the songs of several bands, tabletop RPG and video games, movies, and television shows. Many references draw upon the shows unconventional technocratic fantasy prison, the Village. Also heavily refere..
References to the Three Laws of Robotics
References to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics have appeared in a wide variety of circumstances. In some cases, other authors have explored the Laws in a serious fashion. Jack Williamson wrote a disturbing short story called "With Folded Hands" (which later became the precursor of several oth..
Reference (C++)
In the C++ programming language, a reference is a simple reference datatype that is less powerful but safer than the pointer type inherited from C, which is a reference in the general sense but not in the sense used by C++. Contents 1 Syntax and terminology2 Relationship to pointers3&nb..
Reference (computer science)
This article discusses a general notion of reference in computing. See also the more specific notion of reference used in C++. In computer science, a reference is a small object containing information which refers to data elsewhere, as opposed to containing the data itself. Accessing the value tha..
Reference antenna
A reference antenna is an antenna with known properties. It is normally used to calibrate other systems. Reference antennas are built with particular care taken to make them simple, robust and repeatable. In a common usage scenario a reference antenna would be used as a transfer standard. First ..
Reference architecture
A reference architecture provides a proven template solution for an architecture for a particular domain. It also provide a common vocabulary with which to discuss implementations, often with the aim to stress commonality. A reference architecture often consists of a list of functions and some indi..
Reference beam
A reference beam is a laser beam used to read and write holograms. It is one of two laser beams used to create a hologram. In order to read a hologram out, some aspects of the reference beam (namely its angle of incidence, beam profile and wavelength) must be reproduced exactly as when it was used..
Reference card
A reference card or quick reference card is a concise bundling of common syntactic rules and idioms of a particular formal language. It serves as an ad hoc memory aid for an experienced user. In spite of what the name reference card suggest, the term only tends to be used in the narrow context of p..
Reference circuit
In telecommunication, a reference circuit is a hypothetical electric circuit of specified equivalent length and configuration, and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, i.e., real, circuits or as a guide..
Reference class problem
To meet Wikipedia's and make it more accessible to a general audience, this article may require [Cleanupcleanup].The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter.Please help Wikipedia by improving the introduction according to the..
Reference clock
In telecommunication, the term reference clock has the following meanings: 1. A clock with which another clock is compared. 2. A clock, usually of high stability and accuracy, used to govern a network of mutually synchronized clocks of lower stability. Note: The failure of a reference cloc..
Reference collection
A reference collection is a collection of objects maintained for the purpose of study and authentication. Reference collections are generally large undertakings maintained by institutions; instead of having a single representative of each object, they will typically have multiples, so as to illustra..
Reference counting
In computer science, reference counting is a technique of storing the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource such as an object or block of memory. It is typically used as a means of deallocating objects which are no longer referenced. Contents 1 Use in garbage collection2&n..
Reference Daily Intake
Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group. The RDI is used to determine the Recomended Daily Value (RDV) which is printed on food labels ..
Reference date (economics)
Reference dates of business cycles are determined by the Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research, who look at various indicators such as real GDP, real personal income, employment, and manufacturing to make informative judgments on when to set the peaks and trough..
Reference design
Reference design refers to a technical blueprint of a system that is intended for others to copy. It contains the essential elements of the system; however, third parties may enhance or modify the design as required. ..
Reference dose
A reference dose is the minimum safe dose when dealing with toxic non-carcinogens. ..
Reference electrode
Reference electrode is an electrode which has a stable and well-known electrode potential. The high stability of the electrode potential is usually reached by employing a redox system with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participants of the redox reaction. Reference electrod..
Reference ellipsoid
In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically-defined surface that approximates the geoid, the true figure of the Earth or other planetary body. Because of their relative simplicity, reference ellipsoids are used as a preferred surface on which geodetic network computations are performed and..
Reference group
This article lacks information on the [Importanceimportance] of the subject matter. If you are familiar with it, please expand the article, or discuss its significance on the talk page. A social group that is used as a standard that which an individual makes a comparison of himself agains..
Reference implementation (computing)
In computing, a reference implementation (or, infrequently, sample implementation) is a software example of a standard for use in helping others implement their own versions of the standard. A standard is much easier to understand with a working example in hand. The purpose of a reference implemen..
Reference interview
A reference interview is a structured conversation between a librarian and a library user, usually at a reference desk, in which the librarian responds to the user's initial explanation of his or her information need by first attempting to clarify that need and then by directing the user to appropri..
Reference library
A reference library does not lend books and other items; instead, they must be read at the library itself. Typically such libraries are used for research purposes, for example at a university. Some items at reference libraries may be historical and even unique. Examples of reference libraries inclu..
Reference management software
Reference management software, citation management software or personal bibliographic management software is software for scholars and authors to use for recording and utilising bibliographic citations (references). Once a citation has been recorded, it can be used time and again in generating bibli..
Reference Manager
Reference Manager is commercial reference management and bibliographic database application sold by The Thomson Corporation. External links [Official web site] ..
Reference Model
Reference model, a notion used in standard conceptual (computing) models: OSI model - OSI Reference ModelsOpen Geospatial Consortium - OGC Reference ModelsVon Neumann architecture - Sequential computing referencial modelFederal Enterprise Architecture - Federal Enterprise Reference ModelsMany oth..
Reference monitor
In operating systems architecture, a reference monitor is a tamperproof, always-used, and small enough to be fully-tested and analyzed module that controls all software access to data objects or devices. The reference monitor verifies the nature of the request against a table of allowable access typ..
Reference News
Reference News (Simplified Chinese: 参考消息, Pinyin: Cānkǎo Xiāoxī), began at December 7 1931, is the daily with the largest circulation of 3 million in China [link]. It is published by Xinhua News Agency, and was available only to high officials at first. It turned to public afte..
Reference noise
In telecommunication, reference noise is the magnitude of circuit noise chosen as a reference for measurement. Note: Many different levels with a number of different weightings are in current use, and care must be taken to ensure that the proper parameters are stated. See also: dBa, dBa(F1A), ..
Reference plane
A reference plane, in astronomy, is an arbitrary plane chosen to measure orbital elements, which are parameters needed to specify that orbit uniquely. Example of reference plane use The reference plane used for planets is usually the ecliptic (the plane on which the Earth orbits) or the invariab..
Reference point
A reference point is a 'location' that is used in measurement of a huge variety of phenomena. Reference points are utilised in economics, across scientific fields, historical studies and in many other areas of analysis of cultural and physical study. ..
Reference Point
Reference Point is the first album by Acoustic Alchemy for jazz label GRP. Containing some of the band's more popular tracks, such as the title track "Reference Point", "Same Road, Same Reason" and "Cuban Heels", the nine track offering is also the only album by the band to offer a cover track: "..
Reference question
A Reference Question is a submission by the federal or a provincial government to the courts asking for an opinion on a major issue of Canadian law. Typically the question concerns the constitutionality of legislation. The federal government, under the Supreme Court Act, may submit a question to ..
Reference range
In health-related fields, a reference range is a set of values of some measurement that a physician or other health professional can use to interpret a set of results for a particular patient. It is commonly referred to as the normal range or normal values. This term should be discouraged as not ev..
Reference ranges for common blood tests
A reference range is a set of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results. The range is usually defined as the set of values 95% of the normal population falls within. It must be remembered that the reference range will vary, depending on the age, sex and race o..
Reference rate
A reference rate is a rate that determines pay-offs in a financial contract and that is outside the control of the parties to the contract. It is often some form of LIBOR rate, but it can take many forms, such as a consumer price index, a house price index or an unemployment rate. The reference rate..
Reference re Agricultural Products Marketing Act
Reference re Agricultural Products Marketing Act (the Egg Reference), [1978] 2 S.C.R. 1198 is a landmark constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on federal-provincial agreements where the Court unanimously upheld the validity of the Agricultural Marketing Act. The Act was par..
Reference re Alberta Statutes
Reference re Alberta Statutes [1938] S.C.R. 100 - also known as the Alberta Press case - is a landmark reference of the Supreme Court of Canada where several provincial laws restricting the press was struck down and the existence of an implied bill of rights protecting civil liberties such ..
Reference re Amendments to the Residential Tenancies Act (N.S.)
Reference re Amendments to the Residential Tenancies Act (N.S.) [1996] is a reference question put to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the ability of the federal government to appoint judges under section 96 of the Constitution Act, 1867. The Court considered that giving all of the ju..
Reference re Anti-Inflation Act
Reference re Anti-Inflation Act, [1976] 2 S.C.R. 373 was a landmark reference question opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada on the constitutionality of the Anti-Inflation Act. In what has become among the most significant federalism cases of the Supreme Court, it was held that the Act to ..
Reference re Canada Assistance Plan (B.C.)
Reference re Canada Assistance Plan (B.C.), [1991] 2 S.C.R. 525 is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada. The Court held that courts have a residual discretion to refuse to answer reference questions where there is insufficient legal content or where the court wou..
Reference re Farm Products Marketing Act
Reference Re Farm Products Marketing Act, [1957] S.C.R. 198 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the Trade and Commerce power allocated to the federal government under section 91(2) of the Constitution Act, 1867. The Court held that the Trade and Commerce power applied not just ..
Reference re Firearms Act
Reference re Firearms Act, [2000] 1 S.C.R. 783 is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the division of powers regarding firearms legislation. A unanimous Court held that the federal Firearms Act was constitutionally valid under the federal criminal law power. ..
Reference re Manitoba Language Rights
Reference re Manitoba Language Rights [1985] 1 S.C.R. 721 was a reference question posed to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding provisions in the Manitoba Act stipulating the provision of French language services in the province of Manitoba. The ruling came down from the Supreme Court in ..
Reference re Ng Extradition
Reference Re Ng Extradition (Can.) [1991] 2 S.C.R. 858, [1991 SCC 71] is a Supreme Court of Canada Charter reference that asked whether the extradition of a fugitive to a country that has the death penalty violates the fugitive's Charter Rights. Contents 1 Background2&nbs..
Reference re Persons of Japanese Race
Reference re Persons of Japanese Race [1946] S.C.R. 248 is a famous decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where the Court upheld a government order to deport Canadian citizens of Japanese descent. Contents 1 Background2 Opinion of the Court3 Aftermath4 See also Bac..
Reference re Provincial Electoral Boundaries (Sask.)
Reference re Prov. Electoral Boundaries (Sask.), [1991] 2 S.C.R. 158 is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the right to vote under section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Court rejected the US principle of "one man, one vote" from the US Supreme Cour..
Reference re Public Service Employee Relations Act (Alta.)
Reference re Public Service Employee Relations Act (Alta.), [1987] 1 S.C.R. 313 is a leading opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada on right to freedom of association under section 2(d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Court held that section 2(d) does not include the rig..
Reference re Secession of Quebec
Reference re Secession of Quebec Supreme Court of Canada Argued February 16 - 19, 1998 Decided August 20, 1998 Full case name: Reference re Secession of Quebec Citations: [1998] 2 S.C.R. 217; 1998 CanLII 793 (S.C.C.); (1998), 161 D.L.R. (4th) 385; (1998), 55 C.R.R. (2d) 1 ..
Reference surface
In optical-fiber technology, a reference surface is that surface of an optical fiber that is used to contact the transverse-alignment elements of a component such as a connector or mechanical splice. For telecommunications-grade fibers, the reference surface is the outer surface of the cladding. Fo..
Reference table
A reference table (or table of reference) may mean a set of references that an author may have cited or gained inspiration from whilst writing an article, similar to a bibliography. It can also mean an information table that is used as a quick and easy reference for things that are difficult to rem..
Reference values
Reference value is a term used in medicine to denote a laboratory value used as a reference for values obtained by laboratory examinations of patients or samples (blood, urine or other materials) collected from patients. An important step in the interpretation of data from medical laboratory examin..
Reference work
A reference work is a compendium of information, usually of a specific type, compiled in a book for ease of reference. That is, the information is intended to be quickly found when needed. Reference works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read cover to cover. ..
Referendum
A referendum (plural: 'referendums' or 'referenda' [N.B. referenda implies a plurality of issues]) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. Thi..
Referendums in Australia
Contents 1 Federal Referendums1.1 The ''No'' vote1.2 Referendums and plebiscites by year2 State and Territory Referendums3 External links Federal Referendums In Australia, referendums are nationwide polls held to approve government-proposed changes to the Australian cons..
Referendums in Canada
National referendums are seldom used in Canada, and have tended to fail. The first two saw voters in Québec and the rest of Canada take dramatically opposing stands, the third saw most of the voters take a stand dramatically opposed to that of the politicians in power. Contents 1 National r..
Referendums in New Zealand
Referendums (or referenda) are only occasionally held by the government of New Zealand. Eleven referendums have been held so far (excluding referendums on alcohol licensing, which were held triennially between 1894 and 1989). Contents 1 Government referendums1.1 Constitutional referend..
Referendums in Sweden
Since the introduction of parliamentarism in Sweden six referendums have been held. The Swedish Constitution (1974) provides for binding referendums. However none of the referendums held have been binding but rather of an advisory and consultative nature and not formally binding on the Riksdag. Th..
Referendums in the United Kingdom
Referendums (or referenda) are only occasionally held by the government of the United Kingdom. Nine referendums have been held so far (excluding referenda held under the Local Government Act 1972 - see below), the first in 1973; only one of these covered the whole UK. There is at least one planned ..
Referendums related to the European Union
This is a list of referendums related to the European Union. Contents 1 Enlargement of 19732 Single European Act3 Maastricht Treaty4 Enlargement of 19955 Treaty of Amsterdam6 Treaty of Nice7 Enlargement of 20048 European Constitution Enlargement of 1973 B..
Referendum concerning the prohibition of the sale of firearms and ammunition
The referendum concerning the prohibition of the sale of firearms and ammunition (Portuguese: Referendo sobre a proibição da comercialização de armas de fogo e munições) was a referendum that took place in Brazil on October 23, 2005. The possible outcome was either an approval or disapprova..
Referendum in Italy
The Constitution of Italy provides for legally binding referenda. Contents 1 Limitations2 Requirements2.1 Quorum3 Variations4 List of Referenda Limitations It is forbidden to call a referendum regarding financial laws, laws relating to pardons, or the ratification of in..
Referendum in Lithuania
There have been nine referenda in Lithuania since it declared independence from the Soviet Union on March 11, 1990. Because of strict requirements only four referenda were successful. Older Lithuanian laws required that more than a half of all registered voters (not a half of voters who participate)..
Referendum Party
The Referendum Party was the name of a series of single-issue parties in the United Kingdom that called for referendums on aspects of the UK's relationship with the European Union. By far the most significant was that formed to fight the 1997 General Election. The leading figure behind their forma..
Referential indeterminacy
Linguistic term referrng to situations in which different people vary in naming objects. For example, William Labov studied this effect using illustrations of different drinking vessels to see what people would label as "cups" and what people would label as "mugs". ..
Referential integrity
An example of a database that has not enforced referential integrity. In this example, there is a foreign key (artist_id) value in the album table that references a non-existent artist — in other words there is a foreign key value with no corresponding primary key value in the referenced ta..
Referential transparency
Contents 1 Definition2 Examples and counterexamples3 Contrast to imperative programming4 Other example5 See also Definition An expression is said to be referentially transparent if it can be replaced with its value without changing the program (in other words, yielding a..
Referent power
Referent power is individual power based on a high level of identification with, admiration of, or respect for the powerholder. Referent power is one of the Six Bases of Social Power, as defined by Bertram Raven and his colleagues1 in 1959. Source 1French, J., & Raven, B. The bases of social pow..
Referer spam
Referer spam is a kind of spamdexing (spamming aimed at search engines). The technique involves making repeated web site requests using a fake referer url pointing to a spam-advertised site. Sites that publicize their access logs, including referer statistics, will then also link to the spammer's si..
Referer spoofing
In computer security, Referer spoofing or ref tar spoofing is the sending of incorrect Referer information along with an HTTP request, with the aim of gaining unauthorized access to a web site. Many pornographic paysites utilize referer information to secure their materials: only browsers arriving ..
Referral marketing
Referral marketing is a form of Affiliate exchanging. Referrals are normally redemed for cash, goods or services. ..
Referred pain
Referred pain is an unpleasant sensation localised to an area separate from the site of the causative injury or other painful stimulation. Often, referred pain arises when a nerve is compressed or damaged at or near its origin. In this circumstance, the sensation of pain will generally be felt in t..
Refer (software)
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. refer is a program for managing bibliographic references, and citing them in troff documents. It is implemented as a troff preprocessor. refer..
Refeudalization
Refeudalization is the process of recovering mechanisms and relationships that used to define feudalism. Because the term "feudalism" is slightly ambiguous, "refeudalization" is ambiguous, too. In the modern era, the term "refeudalization" is used for policies that give special priviliges to organi..
Refik
Refik is a well known meyhane (restaurant) in Istanbul's Asmalı Mescit street. It's in famous Beyoğlu district, near the Tünel station. ..
Refil
Refil was according to Hervarar saga a son of the Swedish king Björn Ironside and the brother of its next king Erik Björnsson. Refil was a great warlord and a sea-king. It was Refil's son Erik Refilsson who inherited the Swedish throne at Erik Björnsson's death, which suggests that Refil may not..
Refilwe
Refilwe (We're blessed) is a township near Lanseria Airport, north of Johannesburg in Gauteng Province, South Africa. It was established in 1991 when Jean Stewart and Yvonne Jaques started primary health treatment in the corner of a small hall in the Drummond settlement, Lanseria. It was at this ..
Refinable function
In mathematics, in the area of wavelet analysis, a refinable function is a function which fulfills some kind of self-similarity. A function [\varphi] is called refinable with respect to the mask [h] if [\varphi(x)=2\cdot\sum_^ h_k\cdot\varphi(2\cdot x-k)] This condition..
Refinancing
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Refinancing refers to applying for a secured loan intended to replace an existing loan secured by the same asset..
Refined Printing Command Stream
Refined Printing Command Stream, also known as RPCS, is a vector-based [Zenographics Zx-protocol comparison and overview] printing/duplicating control protocol, designed for communication between Microsoft Windows PC clients, and several lines of Ricoh copiers. The size-efficiency of the ..
Refined resource
A refined resource is something that is modified in order to better meet the needs of the population of Earth. ..
Refinement
(See also selectivity for a non-computer science meaning.) In formal methods, refinement is the verifiable transformation of an abstract (high-level) formal specification into a concrete (low-level) executable program. Stepwise refinement allows this process to be done in stages. Logically, refinem..
Refinement Calculus
The Refinement Calculus is a formalized approach to stepwise refinement for program construction. The required behaviour of the final executable program is specified as an abstract and perhaps non-executable "program", which is then refined by a series of correctness-preserving transformations into ..
Refinery
A refinery is composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations used for refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of value. Refineries utilize a great many different types of physical equipment such as: Distillation towers and other pressure v..
Refining
Refining is the process of purification of a substance. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly c..
Refinishing
One type of refinishing is called antiquing which is the activity of making a new object appear aged, and involves many methods to produce an appearance of age and wear, and it applies to a variety of surfaces and materials such as wood, glass, metal, plastic and paint. Several methods involve glaze..
Reflation
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. Reflation is the act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by reducing taxes. The..
Reflected-wave switching
Reflected-wave switching is a signalling technique used in backplane computer buses such as PCI. A backplane computer bus is a type of multilayer printed circuit board that has at least one (almost) solid layer of copper called the ground plane, and at least one layer of copper tracks that are us..
Reflecting God Study Bible
Reflecting God Study Bible The Reflecting God Study Bible is a study Bible published by Zondervan in conjunction with the Christian Holiness Partnership which, as a Wesleyan revision of the NIV Study Bible, utilized the New International Version (NIV). Following a 10-year negotiation with Zon..
Reflecting Pool
Looking out over the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool towards the Washington Monument This article is about the Reflecting Pools in Washington, D.C.. For the general case, see reflecting pool. Perhaps the best known of Washington, D.C.'s reflecting pools is the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Po..
Reflecting pool
This page is about the general memorial; for the one in Washington, D.C. see Reflecting Pool. One famous reflecting pool lies between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.. A reflecting pool is a structure often used in memorials. It generally consists of a sh..
Reflecting Skin
The Reflecting Skin is a surreal 1990 movie about a young child growing up in the 1950s. The movie is directed by Philip Ridley, and features Viggo Mortensen. The film weaves elements of the grotesque, vampirism, child sexual abuse, and religious zealotry throughout its narrative about the percep..
Reflecting telescope
Ritchey 24" reflecting telescope A reflecting telescope (reflector) is an optical telescope which uses a combination of curved and plane (flat) mirrors to reflect light and form an image, rather than lenses to refract or bend light to form an image. The Italian monk Niccolo Zucchi is credite..
Reflection
Reflection may refer to: Reflection (physics), a wave phenomenon commonly observed in mirrors.*Reflection (electrical), reflected voltage in an electrical signal due to an impedance changeHuman self-reflection, the process of thoughtful meditation or ruminationReflection (mathematics), a transforma..
Reflectional receiver
. A Reflectional radio receiver (also called a reflex radio) is a radio receiver design in which the same amplifier is reused for both the high-frequency radio (RF) and low-frequency sound (AF) signals. The radio signal from the output of the amplifier passes detection and then re-enters the input ..
Reflections
Reflections may refer to: the plural of reflectionReflections Interactive, a video game developerReflections (Manos Hadjidakis album)Reflections (Rick James album)Reflections (B.B. King album)Reflections (Paul Van Dyk album)Reflections (Supremes album)Reflections (The Fifth Dimension Album)Reflectio..
Reflections: Carly Simon's Greatest Hits
Reflections: Carly Simon's Greatest Hits is singer-songwriter Carly Simon's 28th album, and fourth greatest-hits album, released in 2004. Later that same year an International version of the album was released, mainly for the UK market. It consisted of a different mix of songs and included the 1982 ..
Reflections (Apocalyptica album)
Reflections is Apocalyptica's fifth album, released in 2003 with a speical-edition called Reflections Revised released in later part of 2003 containing a DVD as well as the original album with four bonus tracks. Track listing CD Prologue (Apprehension)No EducationFarawaySomewhere Around NothingDri..
Reflections (Care Enough)
"Reflections (Care Enough)" is a song written and produced by American singer Mariah Carey, Philippe Pierre, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for Carey's tenth studio album, Glitter. The ballad has Carey, in character as Billie Frank in the film Glitter, reflecting on how her mother didn't "care enough" f..
Reflections (documentary)
Please [Glossary#Wwikify] (format) this article or section as suggested in the [Guide to layoutGuide to layout] and the [Manual of StyleManual of Style]. Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since June 2006. REFLECTIONS 'Reflections' ..
Reflections (Jerry Garcia Album)
Reflections is Jerry Garcia's third solo album, released in 1976, and his last to be credited to him alone rather than to the Jerry Garcia Band. It includes five songs that were performed by the Grateful Dead. All of the then-members of the Grateful Dead contribute to the music on this album. Tra..
Reflections (Manos Hadjidakis album)
This article is about the album by Manos Hadjidakis. For other uses, see Reflections. Reflections is a 1969 album composed by Manos Hadjidakis. The album was originally composed in New York City where Manos Hadjidakis was living since 1966 for the band New York Rock & Roll Ensemble and the lyrics..
Reflections (Rick James album)
Reflections is a compilation of Rick James songs released in 1984. It also contains three until then unreleased tracks, 17, Oh What a Night (4 Luv) and You Turn Me On. It was released on the Gordy Records imprint of Motown Records. Track listing "17""Oh What a Night (4 Luv)""You Turn Me On""Fire a..
Reflections (song)
"Reflections" is the name of a 1967 hit song recorded by The Supremes for the Motown label. It was the first Supremes record released under the name Diana Ross & the Supremes, and one of the last of their hit singles to be written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland-Dozier-Hollan..
Reflections (Supremes album)
Reflections is a 1968 album by The Supremes, the first to bill the group as "Diana Ross & the Supremes". It contains the singles "Reflections", "In and Out of Love", and "Forever Came Today". Although Florence Ballard recorded much of this album before being fired from the group in June 1967, her ..
Reflections (The Fifth Dimension Album)
Reflections is the seventh album by American pop group The Fifth Dimension, released in 1971. This album is a compilation of songs from while the band was recording for Soul City Records. Track listing "California Soul""Let It Be Me""Sunshine Of Your Love""Poor Side Of Town""Ticket To Ride""Blowin..
Reflections (TMNT 2003 Episode)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003) "Reflections" Season Code: S02E09 Episode: 35 Airdate: February 14, 2004 Written by: Roland Gonzalez Supervising Producer: Lloyd Goldfine Producers: Gary Richardson Frederick U. Fierst Al Kahn Norman Grossfeld Thomas Kenney Supervi..
Reflections Cabaret
Reflections Cabaret & Cigar Bar is one of the most popular dance bars in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. For eight years running (to 2004), Reflections was voted the best place to dance by readers of The Coast. The bar has gone through many changes over the years. Reflections was, and still is known a..
Reflections I
01-"monuments of deceit"(faces, forms and illusions) 02-"inside the chamber"(faces,forms and illusions) 03-"morpheus"(morpheus) 04-"faith"(morpheus) 05-"prophecy"(syrophenikan) 06-"of the tribe"(syrophenikan) 07-"lost passion"(stone tower) 08-"tundra"(stone tower) 09-"sphere"(stone tower) 10-"embryo..
Reflections Interactive
Shadow of the Beast was the first title by Reflections (screenshot of Shadow of the Beast II on Amiga) Reflections (now Reflections Interactive) is a video game developer based in Newcastle, UK. Reflections became well known for their 1989 hit Amiga game, Shadow of the Beast, published by Psy..
Reflections in a Golden Eye
Reflections in a Golden Eye is a 1941 novel by Carson McCullers that deals with the theme of repressed homosexuality. In 1967 it was adapted to film and directed by John Huston. The film starred Marlon Brando, Elizabeth Taylor, and Julie Harris. ..
Reflections of China
Reflections of China is a Circle-Vision 360° movie which is located in the China pavilion of the World Showcase in Epcot at Walt Disney World Resort. The show is narrated by an actor playing Li Bai, an ancient Chinese poet, who takes the viewer on a tour of the Chinese countryside and historical st..
Reflections of Evil
Reflections of Evil is a 2002 cult film by independent filmmaker Damon Packard that depicts the descent into madness and death of a obese, homeless watch salesman played by Packard. Using unconventional editing, Packard splices scenes together with nostalgic commercials and B-movies of the 1970s w..
Reflections of Humanity
Reflections of Humanity is one of Ali Shariati's important lecture, which concerns the role of culture in human life. It defines culture and barbarism and how it is discussed in the light of the "Islamic Doctrine". He defines Modernity and its role in the vital issues confronting Western and, more i..
Reflections on the Revolution in France
Reflections on the Revolution in France is a work of political commentary written by Anglo-Irish statesman and philosopher Edmund Burke, first published on 1 November, 1790. The Reflections constitute one of the best-known intellectual attacks on the French Revolution, which was then in its early s..
Reflections on the social future of mankind
The correct title of this } is }}}. The initial letter is capitalized due to [Naming conventions #Lower case first lettertechnical restrictions]. reflections on the social future of mankind is an English-language book by Sholom Gherman, published by Novosti Press Agency Publishing House c..
Reflection (band)
Reflection was formed in 1992 in Dortmund, Germany. Like their countrymates Kreator and Destruction, they play a kind of metal called Thrash-Metal. With their album 'Made in Hell' Reflection were called "one of the best German Thrash-Newcomers" by big german metal-magazines like "Heavy oder was?" a..
Reflection (Christina Aguilera song)
"Reflection" Single by Christina Aguilera From the album Mulan Soundtrack and Christina Aguilera Single Released October 27 1998 Single Format Airplay Only Genre Pop Song Length Record Label Hollywood Records Writers Matthew WilderDavid Zippel Producer Matthew WilderDavid Zippel Cert..
Reflection (computer science)
In computer science, reflection is the process by which a computer program of the appropriate type can be modified in the process of being executed, in a manner that depends on abstract features of its code and its runtime behavior. Figuratively speaking, it is then said that the program has the "a..
Reflection (electrical)
Reflection in electricity is the result of impedance mismatch in electrical signals. When voltage hits a discontinuity, some energy is reflected. This occurs in any change in a material’s final stop (Connection to another material). Impedance discontinuities cause attenuation because a portion of..
Reflection (Eurovision song)
Reflection was the Austrian representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999, performed in English (only the second time that Austria had not featured lyrics in German or a dialect thereof) by Bobbie Singer. The song was performed eighteenth on the night (following Ireland's The Mullans with When ..
Reflection (mathematics)
This article is about reflection in geometry. For reflexivity of binary relations, see reflexive relation. In mathematics, a reflection (also spelt reflexion) is a map that transforms an object into its mirror image. For example, a reflection of the small English letter p in respect to a vertical l..
Reflection (physics)
Spheres reflecting the floor and each other. Reflection is the change in direction of a wave front at an [[wiktionary:interface|interface]] between two dissimilar media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, s..
Reflection attack
This article is about the attack on authentication systems. For the denial of service attack see Distributed Reflection Denial of Service. A reflection attack is a potential way of attacking a challenge-response authentication system which uses the same protocol in both directions. The basic idea ..
Reflection coefficient
The reflection coefficient is used in physics and electrical engineering when wave propagation in a medium containing discontinuities is considered. A reflection coefficient describes either the amplitude or the intensity of a reflected wave relative to an incident wave. The reflection coefficient..
Reflection Eternal
Reflection Eternal (a.k.a. Train of Thought) is an alternative hip hop album by East Coast rapper Talib Kweli & DJ Hi-Tek, released on October 17, 2000 (see 2000 in music) on Rawkus Records. Due to a series of underground hits in the late 1990s, both Kweli and Hi-Tek were hyped in the hip hop mus..
Reflection formula
In mathematics, a reflection formula or reflection relation for a function f is a relationship between f(a-x) and f(x). Its is a spcial case of a functional equation, and it is very common in the literature to refer to use the term "functional equation" when "reflection formula" is meant. The even..
Reflection group
A reflection group is a group action, acting on a finite dimensional vector space, which is generated by reflections: elements that fix a hyperplane in space pointwise. For example, with regard to ordinary reflections in planes in 3D, a reflection group is an isometry group generated by these refle..
Reflection loss
In telecommunications, reflection loss is one of: At a discontinuity or impedance mismatch, e.g. in a transmission line, the ratio of the incident power to the reflected power. Reflection loss is usually expressed in dB.In an optical fiber, the loss that takes place at any discontinuity of refractiv..
Reflection mapping
An example of reflection mapping. Environment mapping is the foundation for image-based lighting, seen here in this screenshot of [rthdribl]. In Computer Graphics, reflection mapping is an efficient method of simulating a complex mirroring surface by means of a precomputed text..
Reflection nebula
The Witch Head reflection nebula (IC2118), about 1000 light years from earth, is associated with the bright star Rigel in the constellation Orion. The nebula glows primarily by light reflected from Rigel, located just outside the top right corner of the image. Fine dust in the nebula reflects the..
Reflection of Something
Relfection of Something is the sophmore album by Contemporary Christian songwriter Todd Agnew, and was released in 2005. It features the popular songs My Jesus and Unchanging One, both of which get much limelight on most modern CCM stations in America. As is tradtion for Agnew the lyrics that pla..
Reflection principle
In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a reflection principle says that we can find sets that resemble the class of all sets. There are several different forms of the reflection principle depending on exactly one means by "resemble". Weak forms of the reflection principle are theorems of ZF set the..
Reflection Riding Arboretum and Botanical Garden
Reflection Riding Arboretum and Botanical Garden (300 acres) is a nonprofit arboretum, botanical garden, and historical site located at 400 Garden Road, Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is open Monday through Saturday, plus Sundays in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged. The riding was created..
Reflection seismology
Reflection seismology is a branch of seismology that uses reflected seismic waves to produce images of the Earth's subsurface. By noting the time it takes for a reflection to arrive at a receiver, it is possible to estimate the depth of the feature that generated the reflection. In this way, refle..
Reflection symmetry
Figures with the axes of symmetry drawn in. Reflection symmetry, mirror symmetry, mirror-image symmetry, or bilateral symmetry is symmetry with respect to reflection. It is the most common type of symmetry. In 2D there is an axis of symmetry, in 3D a plane of symmetry. An object or figure whi..
Reflection theory (Marxism)
Reflection theory or vulgar Marxism is, according to Bressler, "the belief that the base directly affect[s] the superstructure and in essence, determin[s] its existence" (119) References Bressler, Charles E. Literary Theory: An Introduction to Theory and Pratice. ..
Reflective array antenna
In telecommunication, a reflective array antenna is an antenna, such as a billboard antenna, in which the driven elements are situated at a predetermined distance from a surface designed to reflect the signal in a desired direction. Note: Reflective array antennas (a) usually have many driven el..
Reflective equilibrium
Reflective equilibrium is a state of balance or coherence among a set of beliefs arrived at by a process of deliberative mutual adjustment among general principles and particular judgments. Although he did not use the term, philosopher Nelson Goodman introduced the method of reflective equilibrium ..
Reflective practice
Reflective practice is a term often used in education pedagogy which was a concept that was introduced by Donald Schon in 1987. It is a continuous process from a personal perspective, by considering critical incidents within your lifes experiences. As defined by Schon, reflective practice involves t..
Reflective Records
Reflective Records is an independent San Francisco-based record label for electronic music, operated by Jonah Sharp and his wife. The first release was the Flurescence 12" EP by Spacetime Continuum, which was released in August 1993 with an initial pressing of 500 copies. In the mid-1990s, Reflecti..
Reflective subcategory
In mathematics, a subcategory A of a category B is said to be reflective in B when the inclusion functor from A to B has a left adjoint. This adjoint is sometimes called a reflector. Dually, A is said to be coreflective in B when the inclusion functor has a right adjoint. Examples The category of ..
Reflectivism
Reflectivism is a range of approaches to social science, and notably political science which oppose realism and more generally, positivism. These approaches are often given more particular (and familiar) titles, including feminism, postmodernism, and critical theory. The challenge these approaches..
Reflectivity
In optics, reflectivity is the reflectance (the ratio of reflected power to incident power, generally expressed in decibels or percentage) at the surface of a material so thick that the reflectance does not change with increasing thickness; i.e., the intrinsic reflectance of the surface, irrespectiv..
Reflecto
Reflecto is a fictional superhero from DC Comics who first appeared as a statue of a dead Legion of Super-Heroes member in Adventure Comics #354 (March 1967). He was "Killed in a duel with the Molecule Master." This appearance was in the "Adult Legion" story, which purported to depict the Legion f..
Reflectometer
Two scientific instruments commonly designated Reflectometer are: Reflectometer (optics): In optics, an instrument for measuring the reflectance of reflecting surfaces. Reflectometer (electronics):In electronics, a directional coupler containing matched calibrated detectors in both arms of the auxi..
Reflector
A reflector can mean one of several things: A device that causes reflection, for example, a mirror or a retroreflectorA reflecting telescopeA device or a part of an antenna that reflects radio wavesA neutron reflectorA reflector (cipher machine) is a component of some rotor machines (a type of ciphe..
Reflector (antenna)
Parabolic reflector as part of a Satellite dish. An antenna reflector is a device that reflects electromagnetic waves. It is often a part of an antenna assembly. The most common reflector types are corner reflector which reflects the incoming signal back to the direction it came fromparaboli..
Reflector (cipher machine)
A reflector, in cryptology, is a component of some rotor cipher machines, such as the Enigma machine, that sends electrical impulses that have reached it from the machine's rotors, back in reverse order through those rotors. Other names The reflector is also known as the reversing drum or, fro..
Reflector (Killing Heidi album)
Reflector is a 2000 album by the Australian band Killing Heidi. The album went 4-times platinum in Australia and won the ARIA Award for Album of the Year at the ARIA Music Awards of 2000. "Reflector" included the hit singles "Weir", "Mascara", "Superman/Supergirl" and "Live Without It". ..
Reflector (newspaper)
The Reflector is the student newspaper of Mississippi State University. It was founded in 1884, less than a decade after MSU's establishment. The Reflector has been awarded many collegiate press awards, most notably for its layout and reporting. Most recently, The Reflector took home awards from the..
Reflector (Pablo Cruise album)
Reflector was a 1981 album by Pablo Cruise. The album reached #34 in Billboard's album chart, and included the song "Cool Love" which peaked at #13. ..
Reflector (PlanetShakers album)
Reflector was produced by PlanetShakers in 2002 as their third album. Track listing (CD) "You're Everything""I Want You To Know""Reflector""Come Breathe""Unto You""Overwhelmed""I'm Living For""I Want To See Jesus""Amazing Grace""Worthy To Be Praised""Lift Up Your Eyes""Reflector (Reprise)" Plane..
Reflect in Silence
Reflect in Silence is the name of the first single by industrial music duo Decoded Feedback. The original song appears on their album Mechanical Horizon. Tracklist "Reflect in Silence""Reflect in Silence (Alpha Mix)""Reflect in Silence (Omega Mix)""Immortal (Alpha/Omega Mix)""Lifeless" Person..
Reflekt
Reflekt is a dance/electronica outfit out of England. The act consists of DJ/remixer/producers Seb Fontaine and Jay Peake (aka Jay P.), with Deline Bass doing vocals. The act is well known for their 2004 international club hit "Need To Feel Loved." That song, which samples the theme from the 2003 ..
Reflets dans l'eau
Claude Debussy's piece Reflets dans l'eau ("Reflections on the Water") is the first of three movements from his first volume of Images. This piece is the master's brilliant mind at its best. Much of Debussy's works are referred to as Impressionism, meaning that the works express emotions and scenes ..
ReFLEX
ReFLEX is a wireless protocol developed by Motorola which is used for two-way paging. It is based on the one-way FLEX protocol and comes in two variants, ReFLEX25 and ReFLEX50. ..
Reflexive
The Ouroboros Something reflexive refers to itself. Specific uses include: Grammar reflexive pronoun (grammar), a pronoun with a reflexive relationship with its self-identical antecedentreflexive verb (grammar), where a semantic agent and patient are the same Mathematics and Computer Science..
Reflexive Entertainment
Reflexive Entertainment is a computer game developer based in Lake Forest, California. The company was founded by Lars Brubaker, Ion Hardie, Chad Max, Ernie Ramirez and James C. Smith. Contents 1 Staff2 Development3 Publishing4 Recent Activities4.1 20055 External lin..
Reflexive modernization
Reflexive modernization is a process of modernization that is characteristic of risk society whereby progress is achieved through reorganization and reform. Science and technology as it is used for the purpose of reflexive modernization is less concerned with expanding the resource base, but rather ..
Reflexive operator algebra
In functional analysis, a reflexive operator algebra A is an operator algebra that has enough invariant subspaces to characterize it. Formally, A is reflexive if it is equal to the algebra of bounded operators which leave invariant each subspace left invariant by every operator in A. This should n..
Reflexive pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In some languages, there is a difference between reflexive and non-reflexive pronouns; but the exact conditions that determine whether something is bound are not yet well defined and depend on the language in quest..
Reflexive relation
In set theory, a binary relation can have, among other properties, reflexivity or irreflexivity. A reflexive relation R on set X is one where for all a in X, a is R-related to itself. In mathematical notation, this is: [\forall a \in X,\ a R a] An irreflexive (or aliorelative) relation..
Reflexive space
This page concerns the reflexivity of a Banach space. For Paul Halmos' notion of the reflexivity of an operator algebra or a subspace lattice, see reflexive operator algebra. In functional analysis, a Banach space is called reflexive if it satisfies a certain abstract property involving dual space..
Reflexive user interface
A reflexive user interface is one in which commands and perhaps other controls are defined in the interface itself. In other words, it permits its own command verbs and sometimes underlying code to implement these to be edited via the same user interface as the rest of its functions. Contents ..
Reflexive verb
In grammar, a reflexive verb is a verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object) are the same. For example, the English verb to perjure is reflexive, since one can only perjure oneself. There are languages that have explicit morphol..
Reflexive voice
Reflexive voice is the grammatical voice in which the subject of a sentence is both the subject and a direct object or indirect object of the sentence. In English this is done with pronouns ending in -self. An example of a reflexive verb where the object is a direct object is the sentence "I saw m..
Reflexivity (social theory)
Contents 1 The concept of reflexivity2 History3 The problem of reflexivity4 See also5 References and further reading The concept of reflexivity In general, reflexivity is an act of self-reference where examination or action 'bends back on', refers to, and affects the ent..
Reflexlocomotion
Reflexlocomotion is the technique for the treatment of physical and mental impairment in humans, discovered by Václav Vojta. Sometimes referred to as the Vojta Method. Based on studies of treatments for spastic children for muscular disorders in the 1950's, a number of reflex points were identifie..
Reflexology
This is an example of a reflexology chart, correlating areas of the feet with portions of the body. (Larger version with colour key) Reflexology, or zone therapy, is the practice of stimulating points on the feet, hands, or ears, in the belief it will have a beneficial effect on some other par..
Reflexology chart
In zone therapy, a reflexology chart shows the reflex zones found on the soles of the feet. The representation of the color codes are as follows:       Brain        Sinuses        Voice    &..
Reflexology path
A Reflexology path is a path or walkway designed with the stated intent to stimulate points on the foot corresponding to refloxology beliefs. As in reflexology, this must be done barefoot for any effect. The effects are thought to be similar to a general, light, reflexology massage, stimulating most..
Reflex (Australia)
tdf+rfx's 'ohh mate!!' demo Reflex (Australia) (also known by its initials RFX) was a Commodore 64 software production group formed in Victoria in 1988. In 1989, it merged with Tour de Future (Australia) and briefly operated as Tour de Future -Plus- Reflex (Australia) (or, TDF-Plus-RFX) unti..
Reflex (linguistics)
As cognate is to cousins or sisters, so reflex is to daughters or granddaughters. If a sound or form A in a daughter language is described as a reflex of sound or form B in a parent language, then A is the sound or form that B became. For example, English initial "h" is a reflex of PIE kʷ. ..
Reflex action
The mechanism of the reflex arc A reflex action is a stereotyped (involuntary) motor response elicited by a defined stimulus. 1 A reflex action is mediated via the reflex arc. Contents 1 Explanation1.1 Simple reflex1.2 Conditioned reflex1.3 Reaction time2 Human ..
Reflex anal dilatation
Reflex anal dilatation (RAD) is a controversial and now largely discredited technique which at one time was widely used as an indicator of child sexual abuse. Its use led to the Cleveland child abuse scandal where misdiagnosis of widespread abuse was made, with highly unfortunate results. RAD itsel..
Reflex arc
Patellar reflex: when the leg is tapped just below the knee, the patellar reflex is affected and the foot kicks forward. The tap stimulates an impulse in the sensory neuron in the leg, which travels to the spinal cord, through the relay neuron, and into the motor neuron where it stimulates the le..
Reflex bow
A reflex bow is a bow often made entirely of wood that has curved or curled arms that turn away from the archer. When strung and subsequently fired the curves assist in creating a greater force with which to fire an arrow at a faster speed without adding significantly to the drawing weight or the p..
Reflex camera
Reflex camera may refer to: Single-lens reflex camera*Digital single-lens reflex camerasTwin-lens reflex camera This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point dir..
Reflex Cannon
The SDF-1 main gun opening and arming. In Robotech (a science-fiction anime television series), a super-powerful energy weapon used as a heavy anti-spacecraft weapon to destroy enemy warships in a single blow. The SDF-1 main gun charging. Contents 1 Background2 The SDF-13&n..
Reflex epilepsy
Reflex Epilepsy (also known as environmental epilepsy) is the cognomens to seizures which are generated by a person’s acuteness to sensor stimulation caused by the environment. External links [Precipitating Stimuli for Reflex Seizures] International League Against Epilepsy...
Reflex finder
A reflex finder is a viewfinder system with a mirror placed behind a lens. The light passing through the lens is reflected by the mirror to a ground glass. The image formed on this ground glass can be observed directly, giving a waist level reflex finder or through an redressing optical device (set ..
Reflex hammer
A reflex hammer is a medical instrument used by physicians to test deep tendon reflexes. Testing for reflexes is an important part of the neurological physical examination in order to detect abnormalities in the central or peripheral nervous system. Reflex hammers can also be used for chest perc..
Reflex Point
Reflex Point is location of the Invid hive complex inhabited by the Invid Queen Regess in the Robotech animated series, and is also thought to be located upon the ruins of the SDF-1. Reflex Point was the code name assigned to the location of the containment complex where the remains of the SDF-1 we..
Reflex port
Reflex port is the distinctive feature of a very popular variety of loudspeaker enclosures (Bass reflex) which enhances the reproduction of the lowest frequencies generated by the woofer. The port generally consists of one or more tubes mounted in the front (baffle) or the rear side of the loudspeak..
Reflow oven
A reflow oven is a high-precision oven used primarily for soldering electronic components to printed circuit boards using surface mount techniques. The oven contains multiple zones, which can be individually controlled for temperature. Generally there are several heating zones followed by one or mor..
Reflow soldering
Reflow soldering is the most common means to attach a surface mounted component to a circuit board, and typically consists of applying solder paste, positioning the devices, and reflowing the solder in a conveyorized oven. The goal of the reflow process is to melt the powder particles in the solder..
Reflux
This article is about reflux, a technique in chemistry and in chemical engineering. For information on the reflux of acid from the stomach, see articles on heartburn, acid indigestion, and gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux is a technique used in chemistry to apply energy to reactions over an exten..
Reflux suppressant
A reflux suppressant is any one of a number of drugs used to combat oesophageal reflux. Commonly, following ingestion a 'raft' of alginic acid is created, floating on the stomach contents by carbon dioxide released by the drug. This forms a mechanical barrier to further reflux. Some preparations als..
Reforestation
Biodiversity on a 15-year-old reforested plot of land. Reforestation is the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forest that once existed but were deforested or otherwise removed or destroyed at some point in the past. The resulting forest can provide both ecosystem and re..
Reform
Reform means to change, usually a reversion to what is perceived to be a pure original state. It has been used for any change perceived to be positive, however. Reform can refer to: In politics: Reform movement, a generic term for various social and political movements.* Reform Movement (disamb..
Reform, Alabama
Reform is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 1,978. Geography Reform is located at [33°22′51″N, 88°0′54″W] (33.380835, -88.015022)[Geographic references#1GR1]. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a to..
Reforma
Reforma is a Mexican newspaper based in Mexico City. The newspaper emphasizes its design, variety of columnists, and editorials which denounce political corruption. Reforma, along with the other newspapers of its parent Grupo Reforma newsgroup, have an interest in color printing. The paper fea..
REFORMA
The National Association to Promote Library and Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish-speaking, more commonly known as REFORMA, is an affiliate of the American Library Association formed in 1971 to promote library services to Latinos and the Spanish speaking. It is registered in Washingt..
Reformasi
Reformasi is both a Malay and Indonesian word for reformation. It may refer to the: Indonesian reformation that occurred immediately after the downfall of Suharto as President.Reformasi movement in Malaysia that was initiated by former Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim immediately after..
Reformasi (Malaysia)
The Reformasi movement in Malaysia was initiated by Anwar Ibrahim and his supporters shortly after he was sacked as Deputy Prime Minister in 1998. It consisted of several mass demonstrations and rallies against the Barisan Nasional government, and continued until Anwar was arrested and jailed in lat..
Reformational philosophy
All countries, at the beginning of their creation, after civilization has been built, governments find that there is a need for war. Britain did this, and created a huge empire, this can be proven by looking further back into history, to such civilisations as Rome, Greece, Sparta, and the Spaniards...
Reformation (disambiguation)
Reformation usually means "returning to a clean start," removing accumulated corruption and impurity. It is often used in reference to institutions, sets of practices, and people; those in favor of reformation usually believe that they are correcting errors and returning to a rightful course, suc..
Reformation (Indonesia)
This article is part ofthe History of Indonesia series Pre-colonial Indonesia (before 1602) Sailendra Srivijaya (3rd century -1400) Kingdom of Mataram Kediri (1045-1221) Singhasari (1222-1292) Majapahit (1293-1500) Sultanate of Mataram (1500s to 1700s) Dutch East Indies (1602 - 1945) ..
Reformation Alliance Party
The Reformation Alliance Party (RAP) is a political party in Liberia. It participated in the 1997 elections and fielded candidates in the 11 October 2005 elections as part of the United Democratic Alliance (UDA) coaltion. In 1997, RAP presidential candidate Henry Fahnbulleh won 0.33% of the vote w..
Reformation Day
Reformation Day is a minor festival celebrated in remembrance of the Reformation, particularly by Lutheran and Reformed church communities. It takes place on October 31 and is an official holiday in many countries. It coincides with Halloween, the eve before All Saints' Day. Many families in the R..
Reformation in Switzerland
History of Switzerland Early history before 1291 Old Confederacy 1291–1516 Reformation 1516–1648 Ancien Régime 1648–1798 Napoleonic era 1798–1814 Restauration 1814–1847 Federal state 1848–1914 World Wars 1914–1945 Modern history ..
Reformation Parliament
The English Reformation Parliament was so-called because it was the Parliament, commencing in 1529, that passed and enabled the major pieces of legislation leading to the English Reformation. The names of these acts (and others) may be found at the List of Acts of Parliament of the English Parliamen..
Reformation Study Bible
The Reformation Study Bible is a series of study Bibles published by Ligonier Ministries and now distributed by P&R Publishing. Its latest edition is the February 2005 publication in the English Standard Version. As with its predecessors, the RSB (ESV) remained under the supervision of Dr. R. C. Sp..
Reformatio in peius
Reformatio in peius (from Latin reformatio, 'change' - actually, 'improvement', and peius, 'worse') is a Latin phrase used in law meaning that a decision from a court of appeal is amended to a worse one. The case law of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office does not allow a decision ..
Reformatorisch Politieke Federatie
The Reformatorisch Politieke Federatie was a minor Protestant Christian political party in the Netherlands. Contents 1 History2 Linked organisations3 Ideology4 Electorate History The RPF was founded in 1975 by three groups of orthodox Christians. The first group were members..
Reformatory
A reformatory is a juvenile prison where legal minors are sent by (juvenile or general) courts to spend a custodial sentence, separate from the bad example of and abuse by adult (often hardened) convicts, usually gender-separated (mainly boys). It is generally designed not just as a punishment but a..
Reformatskii reaction
The Reformatskii reaction is an organic reaction which condenses aldehydes 1 (or ketones) with α-halo esters 2 with metallic zinc to form β-hydroxy-esters 3.[#endnote_Reformatsky][#endnote_Reformatsky2] The organozinc reagent, also called a 'Reformatskii enolate', i..
Reformed Baptist
Calvinism ..
Reformed Catholic Church
The Reformed Catholic Church is an independent Catholic church with roots in the Old Catholic Church of Utrecht. It is not a member of the Union of Utrecht. Based in Ohio, this new and small branch of independent catholicism appears from information presented on its website to have become widesprea..
Reformed Christian confessions of faith
Calvinism ..
Reformed churches
Calvinism ..
Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
The Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Dutch: Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland, in short Gereformeerde kerk) was the second largest Protestant church in the Netherlands until it merged into the Protestant Church in the Netherlands in 2004. History The Reformed Churches in the Netherlands was fo..
Reformed Churches of New Zealand
Reformed Churches of New Zealand is the New Zealand representation of the Reformed churches. The denomination is constituted of 19 member churches, the first eight of which were formed in 1953. Total membership as of 2005 stands at 3,500. Contents 1 Form of doctrine2 Form of governanc..
Reformed Church in America
The Reformed Church in America (RCA) is a Calvinist Reformed Protestant denomination that was formerly known as the Dutch Reformed Church. The denomination has about 300,000 members and has congregations in both the U.S. and Canada. The RCA is a founding member of the National Council of Churc..
Reformed Church in Hungary
The Hungarian Reformed Church (Magyarországi Református Egyház in Hungarian) is a key representative of the Magyar Christianity, being numerically the second-largest denomination in Hungary, after the Roman Catholic Church, and the biggest denomination among ethnic Hungarians in Romania. Conte..
Reformed Church in the United States
The Reformed Church in the United States (RCUS) is a small Christian denomination in the German Reformed theological heritage. The RCUS is descended from German settlers in 18th-century America who originally affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church (now the Reformed Church in America) but formed t..
Reformed Church of Dunedin
Reformed Church of Dunedin is the Dunedin representation of the Reformed Churches of New Zealand and was formed in 1955. Total membership as of 2005 stands at 155, of which 80 percent form the home congregation at Dunedin, the remainder forming the congregation at Oamaru. Belonging to the Christchu..
Reformed Church of France
Calvinism ..
Reformed Ecumenical Council
The Reformed Ecumenical Council is an international organization of Calvinist Churches with a membership at large of 10 million people. It was founded in 1946 as the Reformed Ecumenical Synod. The Reformed Ecumenical Council is the second largest international reformed alliance, the more conservati..
Reformed Egyptian
The Book of Mormon (a sacred text of Mormonism) states that it was written with "reformed Egyptian" () characters on plates of ore () by Messianic Israelite prophets between 600 B.C. and A.D. 421. Joseph Smith, Jr. (the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement which includes Mormonism) said that t..
Reformed Episcopal Church
The Reformed Episcopal Church is an Anglican church in the United States and Canada. Prompted by what they saw as the loss of Protestant and evangelical witness in the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Reformed Episcopal Church, a Christian denomination, was founded on December 2, 1873 by the Rt. Re..
Reformed epistemology
Reformed epistemology is the title given to a broad body of epistemological viewpoints relating to God's existence that have been offered by a group of Protestant Christian philosophers that includes Alvin Plantinga, William Alston, and Nicholas Wolterstorff among others. Rather than a body of argum..
Reformed Esperanto
This does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Reformed Esperanto was a reformed version of Esperanto created in 1894. It is notable as the only complete Esp..
Reformed Faction
Reformed Faction is a musical group formed in 2005 by three former members of Zoviet France: Andy Eardley, Mark Spybey and Robin Storey. The band's original name was The Reformed Faction of Soviet France. They played one concert, in Vienna on 10 November 2005, and released a self-titled album on K..
Reformed Fundamentalism
Reformed fundamentalism is a movement that arose in some Calvinistic Presbyterian, Baptist and Reformed churches, which also agreed with the motives and aims of Fundamentalist Christianity. Some of the better known leaders who have described themselves as both, Reformed and Fundamentalist, have bee..
Reformed Government of the Republic of China
The Reformed Government of the Republic of China (中華民國維新政府) was a Japanese puppet state that existed from 1938 to 1940. It was established in Nanjing by Liang Hongzhi and others on March 28, 1938, and administered the Japanese-occupied parts of the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and..
Reformed Mennonite
The Reformed Mennonite Church, with just 400 members in the United States and Canada, represents the first split from the main North American Mennonite body. The Reformed Mennonites were founded in 1785 from the first of countless schisms of the Mennonites in America. Reformed Mennonites see themse..
Reformed Presbyterian Church
Reformed Presbyterian congregations exist all over the world, in a number of different countries, namely Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, France, United States of America, Canada, Japan, Hungary and Australia. The Reformed Presbyterian Church could be described as a Reformed, or an E..
Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly
The Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly is a conservative Presbyterian denomination in the United States. It was founded in 1991 by disillusioned members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the Americas. It admits only men into church office and holds to a literal view of the Biblical C..
Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States
The Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States [link] is a branch of the Presbyterianism with ten churches in the United States. The association was established in 1983; it subscribes to the Westminster Confession and believes in biblical inerrancy. ..
Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia
The Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia is a very small Australian Presbyterian denomination based mainly in Melbourne, Australia. The first church, in Geelong, was started in 1858. It links itself historically with the Covenanter movement in Scotland that began during the 17th century. It is..
Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America
The Blue Banner logo of the RPCNA The Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America is a Christian, Protestant, Reformed denomination which adheres to the principles first enunciated during the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. The Church is fully committed "to the authority of the Bi..
Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary
The Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary (RPTS) is a ministry of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America. RPTS, as a Reformed seminary, maintains a belief in the inerrancy of the Bible and generally follows Calvinist tradition, including covenant theology. Founded in 1810, and thus..
Reformed Presbytery in North America
The Reformed Presbytery in North America (RPNA) is a religious denomination with beliefs in Protestantism, Calvinism, Presbyterianism, and more particularly Covenanting. It traces its history in North America to 1840, but also refers to the Reformed Presbytery in Scotland for prior history. Conte..
Reformed Synod of Denmark
The Reformed Synod of Denmark (Danish: ) is a synod (council) of 4 Reformed free church congregations in Denmark. A member of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, it has approximately 700 members. The current Moderator is Sabine Hofmeister. The Synod's office is at Fredericia, in Southern Denma..
Reformed Theological College
The Reformed Theological College (RTC) is the theological college of the Christian Reformed Churches of Australia. It is located in at Geelong, Victoria. RTC accredited through the Australian College of Theology and is a member of the South Pacific Association of Bible Colleges. External links �..
Reformed Theological Seminary
Reformed Theological Seminary (RTS) is a non-denominational, evangelical Protestant seminary dedicated to training current and future leaders (especially its Presbyterian and Reformed branches) to be pastors, missionaries, educators, and Christian counselors. It maintains a belief in the inerrancy o..
Reformed United Liberia Party
The Reformed United Liberia Party (RULP) is a political party in Liberia. It fielded candidates in the 11 October 2005 elections. RULP candidate William V.S. Tubman, Jr. won 1.6% of the vote in the presidential poll. The party failed to win any seats in the Senate or House of Representatives. ..
Reformed University Fellowship
Reformed University Fellowship, or RUF, is the campus ministry organization of the Presbyterian Church in America. RUF has experienced rapid growth the past few years, and currently has 101 chapters at different college campuses (some with a membership coming strongly from more than one college,) s..
Reformer
Look up [[wiktionary:|}}}]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Reformer could refer to the following: A reformer is a person who wishes to change a system to improve it (see Reform movement).A reformer is an influential person in the Protestant Reformation (see Protestant reformers).A reformer..
Reformism
Reformism (also called revisionism or revisionist theory) is the belief that gradual changes in a society can ultimately change its fundamental structures. It is a key component of the movement known as democratic socialism. This movement is contrasted to revolutionary socialism which believes that ..
Reformist Communist Party of Azerbaijan
The Reformist Communist Party of Azerbaijan (Azerbaycan Islahatçi Kommunist Partiyasi, often known as "CPA-2") is a political party in Azerbaijan. AIKP is led by Firudin Hasanov. AIKP was formed in 1996, following a split from the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. AIKP developed close relation with..
Reformist Democratic Party
Reformist Democratic Party (in Spanish: Partido Democrático Reformista), was a political party in Peru. Founded in 1920 by Augusto Bernardino Leguía Salcedo. Governed until 1930. ..
Reformist Inititiative Circles
The Reformist Inititiative Circles (Italian: Circoli d'Iniziativa Riformista) is a faction within the Italian political party Forza Italia, grouping former members of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Italian Socialist Party. This social democratic group is led by Carlo Vizzini, secre..
Reformist Movement
The Mouvement Réformateur (MR) is a Belgian French-speaking liberal party, favoring a united Belgium. Part of governing coalition in Federal State, in Walloon Region (until the mid-2004 elections) and in Brussels-Capital Region (until the mid-2004 elections too). Made small gains in the 2003 elect..
Reformist Party ORA
Politics portal]] Kosovo This article is part of the series: Politics and government ofKosovo Politics and int'l statusUNMIK*Resolution 1244PISG*President**Fatmir Sejdiu*Government**Prime Minister***Agim Çeku*Assembly**ChairPolitical partiesElectionsDistricts Partia Reformiste ORA (Reformist..
Reforms and Order Party
Party logo Party Reform and Order (Partiya Reformy i Poriadok) is a liberal political party in Ukraine. The party was organized in October 1997 as a right-wing party, led by ex-vice Prime Minister Viktor Pynzenyk, who is currently the Minister of Finances of Ukraine. At the parliamentar..
Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war
History of Afghanistan series. Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan Islamic conquest of Afghanistan Durrani Empire European influence in Afghanistan Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan Democratic Republic of Afgh..
Reforms of French orthography
The orthography of French was already more or less fixed, and from a phonological point of view outdated, when its lexicography developed in the late 17th century and the Académie française was mandated to establish an "official" prescriptive norm. Still, there was already much debate at the time..
Reforms of Russian orthography
Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for a pronunciation key. The Old Russian language adopted the Cyrillic alphabet, approximately during the tenth century and at about the same time as the introduction of Eastern Christianity into the territories inh..
Reform (Anglican)
Reform is an organisation on the evangelical wing of Anglicanism, active in the Church of England and the Church of Ireland. Reform (England) describes itself as a "network of churches and individuals within the Church of England, committed to the reform of ourselves, our congregation and our world ..
Reform (think tank)
Reform is a London, United Kingdom-based, free-market think tank whose mission is to set out a better way to deliver public services and economic prosperity via private sector involvement and market de-regulation. Reform describes itself as independent and non-partisan. Reform believes that by ref..
Reform 2000 Party
The Reform 2000 Party is a minor political party in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 2000 by Erol Basarik, a restaurant owner who had previously stood in the European Parliament election, 1999 as an "Anti Value Added Tax" candidate. Based in north London, the party stood Basarik in the Totten..
Reform Act
In the United Kingdom, Reform Act is a generic term used for legislation concerning electoral matters. It is most commonly used for laws passed to enfranchise new groups of voters and to redistribute seats in the House of Commons. The periodic redrawing of constituency boundaries is now dealt with b..
Reform Act 1832
Acts of Parliament of predecessorstates to the United Kingdom Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of England to 1600Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of England to 1706Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of ScotlandActs of Parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom ..
Reform Act 1867
Contemporary cartoon of Disraeli outpacing Gladstone. The Reform Act 1867 (also known as the Second Reform Act) was a piece of British legislation that greatly increased the number of men who could vote in elections in the UK. In its final form, the Reform Act 1867 enfranchised all male hous..
Reform Act 1886
The 1886 Reform Act changed the British electoral process in the following ways: Added significant numbers of the working class to the electorate without 'threatening the establishment'.Split multi-member constituencies into multiple single-member ones Electoral reform in the United Kingdom Refo..
Reform and Development Party
The Reform and Development Party (French: Parti de la Réforme et du Développement) is a political party in Morocco. At the last legislative elections, 27 September 2002, the party won 3 out of 325 seats. ..
Reform Club
For other uses, see (disambiguation)}}}. The Reform Club in London viewed from Pall Mall, with the Travellers Club immediately to its left The Reform Club was originally a private gentlemen's club situated on the south side of Pall Mall (at number 104), in central London. It has admitted la..
Reform Club (disambiguation)
Reform Club can refer to Reform Club (London) (gentlemen's club)Reform Club of Hong Kong (political group)Reform Club (Japan) (political party in Japan in the 1920s) This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to t..
Reform Club of Hong Kong
This article is about the Reform Club in Hong Kong. For other uses, see Reform Club (disambiguation). The Reform Club of Hong Kong (香港革新會) was a Hong Kong political group founded in 1949 by Brook Bernacchi. For some time the Reform Club and the Civic Association were the closest to opposit..
Reform Democrat
Reform Democrats in the United States are members of the Democratic Party who are opposed to the Democratic political machines of their respective cities, counties, or states or to analogous machine politics at a national level. The term is usually used in contrast with machine-affiliated Regular De..
Reform Judaism
Part of a of articles onJews and Judaism Who is a Jew? · Etymology · Culture Judaism · Core principles Tanakh (Torah / Nevi'im / Ketuvim) Talmud · Halakha · Holidays · Prayer Ethics · 613 Mitzvot · Customs · Midrash Jewish ethnic divisions A..
Reform Mormonism
Reform Mormonism is a branch of Mormonism that was founded in 2002 by former members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). (Commonly called "The Mormon Church," the Utah-based LDS Church is but one of many churches--albeit the largest--to have emerged from the Latter Day Saint mo..
Reform movement
Reform Movement redirects here. For specific organizations by that name, see Reform Movement (disambiguation) A reform movement is a kind of social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of the society rather than rapid or fundamental changes. Reformists' ideas are ..
Reform Movement (disambiguation)
Reform Movement can refer to: Reform Movement (Guatemala), a political partyReform Movement (Ireland), an Irish organisationReform Movement (Judaism), a progressive Jewish religious groupSee reform movement for discussion of reform movements in the general sense. This is a [disambiguationdisam..
Reform Movement (Guatemala)
The Reform Movement (Movimiento Reformador) is a political party in Guatemala. At the last legislative elections, 9 november 2003, the party was part of the Grand National Alliance, that won 24.3 % of the vote, and 47 out of 158 seats. The presidential candidate of the alliance, Óscar Berger Perd..
Reform Movement (Ireland)
The Reform Movement is an organisation in the Republic of Ireland which seeks to counter what it claims are outdated and extremist elements of Irish nationalism. Critics accuse it of being West British and apologist [[Citing sources citation needed]]. It has previously voiced..
Reform of the date of Easter
The current system for determining the date of Easter is often seen as presenting two significant problems: Its date varies from year to year (by the Western system of calculation, it can fall on any of 35 different dates of the Gregorian calendar). While many Christians do not consider this to be ..
Reform of the political divisions of China
In recent years there have been calls to reform the administrative divisions and levels of China. Rumours of an impending major reform have also spread through various online bulletin boards. The abolishment of district public offices is an ongoing reform to remove an extra level of administration ..
Reform of the United Nations
In recent years there have been many calls for "reform" of the United Nations. But there is little clarity, let alone consensus, about what reform might mean in practice. Both those who want the UN to play a greater role in world affairs and those who want its role confined to humanitarian work or o..
Reform of the United Nations Security Council
Reform of the United Nations Security Council encompasses a variety of proposals, including procedural reforms, such as eliminating the veto held by the five permanent members, and expansion of the Council. A very frequently discussed change to the UN structure is to change the permanent membership..
Reform Party
The Reform Party could be any of the following: Reform Party of British Columbia in CanadaEesti Reformierakond in EstoniaReform Party (Ghana)Gibraltar Reform PartyReform Party (Palestine)Reform Party of the United States of America, founded by Ross Perot.American Reform Party, founded by former mem..
Reform Party (Canada)
The Reform Party in Canada may be: Reform Party of CanadaReform Party (pre-Confederation) This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ..
Reform Party (Gibraltar)
The Gibraltar Reform Party was a political party in Gibraltar. It was a left-leaning party which described itself as green and for social justice. Originally formed as the Independent Liberal Forum on 21 March 2000, the name was subsequently changed to the later one. The last party leader was Lyan..
Reform Party (Northern Mariana Islands)
The Reform Party is a political party in the Northern Mariana Islands. It is not an affiliate of the Reform Party USA but rather the American Reform Party, a splinter group of that party. In the last legislative elections held on 1 November 2003, the party won no seats; gubernatorial candidate Froi..
Reform Party (Palestine)
The Reform Party (Hizb-al-Islah) was established by Husayin al-Khalidi in Palestine on 23 June, 1935. ..
Reform Party (pre-Confederation)
The Reform movement, sometimes referred to as the Reform Party, began in the 1830s as the movement in the English speaking parts of British North America (Canada). It agitated for responsible government. In Maritime Canada, these movements were also referred to as Liberal, and later became the Li..
Reform Party (United States)
The Reform party in the United States may be either: the Reform Party of the United States of America, formerly led by Ross PerotAmerican Reform Party This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you ma..
Reform Party candidates, 1993 Canadian federal election
The Reform Party of Canada fielded candidates in every Canadian province except Quebec in the 1993 federal election. Fifty-two candidates were elected. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here. Contents 1 ..
Reform Party candidates, 1997 Canadian federal election
The Reform Party of Canada fielded several candidates in the 1997 federal election, and won 60 seats out of 301 to form the Official Opposition. Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here. Contents 1 ..
Reform Party of Alberta
Reform Party of Alberta Former Provincial Party | Founded | 1989 |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Dissolved | 2004 Political ideology populist International alignment none Colours Green Seats 0 Website none The Reform Party of Alberta is a defunct ..
Reform Party of British Columbia
The Reform Party of British Columbia (Reform BC) is a populist political party in British Columbia, Canada, which for much of its history was associated with the right wing. Although it shared a name and considerable policy overlap with the Reform Party of Canada, it never received any official re..
Reform Party of Canada
For the Reform Party that existed prior to Canadian Confederation, see Reform Party (pre-Confederation) Reform Party of Canada Former Federal Party | Founded | October 31 1987 |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Dissolved | March 25 2000 Political ideology Populis..
Reform Party of Michigan
The Reform Party of Michigan is the afflilate to the Reform Party of the United States. Ideological Base The Reform Party of Michigan is a very paleoconservative party. In economics, the RPM supports fair trade and protectionism instead of free trade. It calls for a flat tax system and the end if..
Reform Party of Ontario
The Reform Party of Ontario was, until September 2003, a pseudo party that ran one candidate each election merely to keep the party’s name in the possession of the Reform Party of Canada. There is also a small group of conservative populists who lay claim to the moniker, but have been forced to r..
Reform Party of Syria
Party logo The Reform Party of Syria, or RPS, is a political party committed to democracy and reform in Syria. It is based in the United States because the present Syrian government does not allow opposition political parties to form without permission. The party is made up of Syrians living ..
Reform Party of the United States of America
Reform Party of the United States of America Party Chairman See below Senate Leader none House Leader none Founded 1995 Headquarters See below Political ideology Populism, Centrism, Protectionism International affiliation none Color(s) Red & blue Website See be..
Reform school
A reform school in the United States was a term used to define, often somewhat euphemistically, what was often essentially a penal institution for boys, generally teenagers. Social reformers in America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries almost invariably found fault with the then-usual pract..
Reform Star Party
The Reform Star Party (Partai Bintang Reformasi) is an islamist reformist political party in Indonesia. At the last legislative elections, 5 april 2004, the party won 2.4 % of the popular vote and 13 out of 500 seats. ..
Reform Synagogue Youth
The Reform Synagogue Youth or RSY is a Zionist youth movement based in the United Kingdom. Its official name is RSY Netzer, as it is one of the snifim of Netzer Olami. Contents 1 Youth camps2 Ideology2.1 Reform Judaism2.2 Zionism2.3 Tikkun Olam Youth camps RSY Netzer ..
Reform War
This article or section needs [How to copy-editcopy editing] for proper spelling, grammar, usage, tone, style, and voice. You can help by [http://encycl.opentopia.com/ editing it] now. A [How to copy-editguide] is available, as is general [[Help:Editing|editing help]]. ..
Reform Zionism
Reform Zionism, also known as Progressive Zionism is the Zionist arm of the Reform or Progressive branch of Judaism. It is associated with the Israel Movement for Progressive Judaism. Traditionally, Progressive Jews rejected Zionism as it was regarded to conflict with the early Reform movement's at..
Refosco
Refosco is a grape varietal native to the northern Italian areas of Friuli, Gavi and Trentino. Like many of the Italian grapes, the origins of refosco are unknown. The wines this grape yields are quite powerful and tannic, with a deep violet color and a pleasant bitterness. On the palette, there i..
Refounding Public Administration
Refounding Public Administration (1990) is a noted text in the public administration field that formulated a multi-faceted argument that government is properly an agential and active servant of the public good. It is among a very few books that have been pivotal in defining public administration as..
Refracting telescope
A refracting telescope: 1 - tube; 2 - eyepiece; 3 - mounting; 4 - tripod; 5 - counterweights A refracting or refractor telescope is a type of optical telescope that refracts or bends light at each end using lenses. This refraction causes parallel light rays to converge at a focal point; while..
Refraction
The straw seems to be broken, due to refraction of light as it emerges into the air. This article refers to refraction in waves. For refraction in metals, see refraction (metallurgy). Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its velocity. This is most commonly seen w..
Refractions (Protoculture album)
Refractions is an album from Protoculture released by nano in 2003. Track listing HomeworldSilicon SunriseMagnetikRefractionsHalusignoritaMore DirectionsAvalonHigh OrbitMelody Machine..
Refraction (metallurgy)
In metallurgy, refraction is a property of metals that indicates their ability to withstand heat. Metals with a high degree of refraction are referred to as refractory. These metals derive their high melting temperatures from strong interatomic bonding to each other. Metals in this group include m..
Refraction of Prisms and the Spectrum of Light
White light is made of seven different colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet - the colors of light. The visible spectrum appears in this order if you shine white light through a prism, the triangular solid shown below. A prism splits up light by refracting it. Refracting i..
Refractive error
A refractive error, or refraction error, is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity. Contents 1 Epidemiology2 Types3 Causes4 Diagnosis5 Treatment and management6 Notes7 See also Epidemiology The global preva..
Refractive index
The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. It is usually given the symbol n, and defined for a material by: [ n=\sqrt] where εr is th..
Refractive index contrast
Refractive index contrast, in an optical fiber, is a measure of the relative difference in refractive index of the core and cladding. Refractive index contrast, Δ, is given by Δ = (n12- n22)/(2n12), where n1 is the maximum refractive index in the core and n2 is the refractive index of th..
Refractive surgery
Refractive eye surgery is any eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease dependency on glasses or contact lenses. The most common methods today use lasers to reshape the cornea. With the help of laser or other method it became possible to be no longer dependent on corre..
Refractometer
A refractometer is an optical instrument that is used to determine the refractive index of a substance or some physical property of a substance that is directly related to its refractive index. Certain types of refractometers can be used for measuring gases, liquids, and even transparent or transluc..
Refractometry
Refractometry is the method of assessing the composition or purity of substances by measuring their refractive index, a fundamental physical property of a substance. A refractometer is the instrument used to measure refractive index ("RI"). Although refractometers are best known for measuring liquid..
Refractory
This article is about heat resistant materials, for other uses, see refractory (disambiguation). Refractory materials retain their strength at high temperatures. They are used to make crucibles and to make refractory linings, which line furnaces, kilns and incinerators. The oxides of magnesium (magn..
Refractory (disambiguation)
Refractory may refer to: Refractory materials, materials that retain their strength and other material properties under high temperatures.Refraction (metallurgy), the resistance of metals to heat.Refractory metals, metals that are resistant to heat.Refractory clergymen, members of the clergy who re..
Refractory depression
A term used in clinical psychiatry to describe cases of major depressive disorder that do not respond to typical modes of treatment, such as psychotherapy and common antidepressants such as SSRIs. Treatment of refractory depression most commonly involves electroconvulsive therapy and use of non-sta..
Refractory metals
Refractory metals are a class of metals extraordinarily resistant to heat, wear, and corrosion. These properties make them useful in many applications. Household incandescent bulbs contain refractory metals in their tungsten filaments, and nearly all manufactured goods, particularly those containi..
Refractory period
A refractory period, in physiology, is a period of time during which an organ or cell is incapable of performing a particular action. Contents 1 Refractory period in biology1.1 Action potentials in Neurons2 Refractory period in sex3 Refractory period in cardiac physiology Re..
Refractor 2
The Refractor Engine, designed by Refraction Games, is a 3D game engine, developed for Codename Eagle. Since then, Stokholm based Refraction Games has been bought by Digital Illusions CE, and with both teams working together, designed the Refractor 2 Engine for Battlefield 1942 and Battlefield Vietn..
Refrain
A refrain (from the Old French refraindre "to repeat," likely from Vulgar Latin refringere) is the line or lines that are repeated in music or in verse; the "chorus" of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle, the virelay, and the sestina. The use of refrains is pa..
Refrain (song)
Refrain was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1956, performed by Lys Assia representing Switzerland. It was the first-ever winner of the Contest, but not the first-ever performance by Switzerland. This apparent anomaly is due to the rules of the 1956 Contest allowing (for the only time..
Reframing (film technique)
In film, reframing is changing the view of a subject. The term belongs more to criticism than to filmmaking and probably is not used in a systematic way. But the trend of usage seems to be: Reframing is changing the view of a subject while the camera is running--either the subject moves or the camer..
Reframing (NLP)
''This article is about reframing, a Neuro-linguistic programming method. For reframing in cinematography, please see Reframing (film technique) One of a series of articles onNeuro-linguistic programming(NLP) NLP · Principles · Topics · History NLP and science · [[Neuro-li..
Reframing time
In telecommunication, the reframing time (or frame-alignment recovery time) is the time interval between the instant at which a valid frame-alignment signal is available at the receiving data terminal equipment and the instant at which frame alignment is established. The reframing time includes th..
Refrancore
Refrancore is a village and comune in the northwestern Italian province of Asti in the Piedmont region. Although having only around 1500 official residents, the population and activity within the village is enhanced by the presence of holiday homes and surrounding hamlets which officially lie withi..
Refrax
Kurt Pastorius, alias Refrax, was a character created for the Generation X TV movie. He was played by Randall Slavin. Refrax was most likely written as a replacement for Chamber, whose powers would have been expensive to film. Refrax's powers consisted of x-ray vision, and the ability to shoot beam..
Refrescante
Refrescante is Menudo's 20th album (15th in Spanish) released in 1986 featuring Charlie Rivera, Robby Rosa, Ricky Martin, Raymond Acevedo, and Sergio Gonzalez. This the second album this line-up recorded together. ..
Refresh
Wikipedia does not currently have an encyclopedia article for . You may like to search Wiktionary for "[[Wiktionary:Special:Search/|]]" instead. To begin an article here, feel free to [http://encycl.opentopia.com/[not available] edit this page], but please do not create a mere..
Refreshable Braille display
Refreshable Braille display A refreshable Braille display is an electro-mechanical device for displaying Braille characters, usually by means of raising dots through holes in a flat surface. The display sits under the computer keyboard. It is used to present text to computer users who are blin..
Refresher
REFRESHER, in English legal phraseology, a further or additional fee paid to counsel where a case is adjourned from one term or sittings to another, or where it extends over more than one day and occupies, either on the first day or partly on the first and partly on a subsequent day or days, more th..
Refreshment Sunday
Refreshment Sunday is the fourth Sunday in Lent, also called Mothering Sunday, Mother's Day, Rose Sunday, and Laetare Sunday. The name "Refreshment Sunday" refers to the relaxation or breaking of one's Lenten fast on this day. ..
Refresh My Heart
Refresh My Heart is the first album from Christian pop rock artist Rebecca St. James. It was released under the name Rebecca Jean by DTS Music and distributed by Word Australia in 1991 when Rebecca was 13 years old. It was later re-released without an associated label. The album is currently out of..
Refresh rate
The refresh rate (or "vertical refresh rate", "vertical scan rate" for CRTs) is the number of times in a second that a display is illuminated. This is distinct from the measure of frame rate in that the refresh rate includes the repeated illumination of identical frames, while frame rate measures h..
Refresh the Demon
Refresh the Demon is an album by the band Annihilator, released in 1996 (see 1996 in music). Track listing "Refresh the Demon" (Black, Waters) – 5:26"Syn. Kill 1" (Waters) – 4:26"Awaken" (Waters) – 0:53"The Pastor of Disaster" (Black, Waters) – 5:00"A Man Called Nothing" (Bates, Black, W..
Refresh UK
Refresh UK was set up in 2000 as a contract brewing business by some of the former managers of Ushers. Refresh UK now have two brewing plants of their own in Witney. Wychwood and Brakspear. External links [Wychwood website][Brakspear website][Refresh UK website]..
Refried beans
Refried beans (frijoles refritos) is a dish of cooked and mashed beans and a traditional staple of Mexican cuisine, Central American cuisine, and the cuisine of the Southwestern United States. Contents 1 Ingredients and preparation2 Usage3 Language4 External links Ingredients..
Refried Ectoplasm
Refried Ectoplasm: Switched On, Vol. 2 (1995) is a compilation by Stereolab of non-LP singles and rarities released by the prolific band between 1992 and 1995. It contained both tracks from their first collaboration with British avant-garde group Nurse With Wound, originally issued under the title..
Refrigerant
A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. The two main uses of refrigerants are refrigerators/freezers and air conditioners. Cf. coolant. The ideal refrigerant has good thermodynamic properties, is noncorrosive, and safe. The de..
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is defined as the process of removing heat from an enclosed space or from a substance and rejecting it elsewhere, for the primary purpose of lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintaining that lower temperature. Contents 1 Historical Applicatio..
Refrigeration cycle
A refrigeration cycle describes the changes that take place to a refrigerant in absorbing heat and subsequently radiating it as it is circulated around a refrigerator. Work is applied to cool a living space or storage volume by pumping heat from a lower temperature heat source into a higher temp..
Refrigeration Plants
A Refrigeration Plant uses gas, liquid, and mechanical energy to move heat from one place to another. A liquid, such as ammonia, which has a low boiling temperature is allowed to pass into a space via tubing. As the pressure in the ammonia drops, the liquid begins to boil, and enter a phase chan..
Refrigerator
"fridge" redirects here. For , see . A refrigerator with its door open A refrigerator (often called a "fridge" for short) is a mechanical appliance for the storage and preservation of perishable food. The term refrigerator is most commonly applied to the appliance used in the home. It is basi..
Refrigerator (album)
Refrigerator is cassette by Marilyn Manson. Actually untitled, the tape is usually referred to as Refrigerator because of its artwork, which resembles a fridge door. Track listing Side One: live tracks recorded on WYNF's 'Radio Clash', taken from the tape Live As Hell Cake And SodomySuicide Snowman..
Refrigerator car
A string of refrigerator cars owned by Pacific Fruit Express is mechanically-supplied with fresh ice at an Oxnard, California produce packing plant in the Spring of 1964. The unit could fill one car with 11,000 pounds of ice every 90 seconds. SFRD #33055 bears an advertisement for the railr..
Refrigerator magnet
A refrigerator magnet (or "fridge magnet") is a piece of ornament attached to a magnet that is used to decorate refrigerator doors. Refrigerator magnets come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, and can be from photographs or other images die-cut to a specific shape, to tiny plastic sculptures of ..
Refrigerator mother
The term refrigerator mother was coined in the 1940s as a label for mothers of autistic children. These mothers were often blamed for their children's atypical behaviors, which included rigid rituals, speech difficulty, and self-isolation. The 'refrigerator mother' label was based on the assumption..
Refsmmat
REFSMMAT is a term used by guidance, navigation, and control system flight controllers during the days of the Apollo space program. REFSMMAT stands for "Reference to Stable Member Matrix". It is a numerical definition of a fixed orientation in space and is defined with respect to the stars. It was u..
Refsum's disease
Refsum's Disease is an autosomal recessive (Chromosome 10) neurological disease that results in the malformation of myelin sheaths around nerve cells. Refsum's Disease is caused by faulty enzymes during the alpha-oxidation of phytanic acid resulting in buildup of phytanic acid and its unsaturated fa..
Refsum's syndrome
Refsum's Syndrome Refsum Disease (also called Refsum's Syndrome) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system with a series of debilitating symptoms. Some symptoms include: degenerative nerve disease (peripheral neuropathy); vision loss (retinitis pigmentosa); loss of muscle cont..
RefTeX
RefTeX is a reference management software package designed for use with Emacs and BibTeX. It can cooperate with the popular AUCTeX package. External links [RefTeX] homepage ..
Refuge
Look up [[wiktionary:|}}}]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Refuge has a number of meanings: Wildlife refugeA Christian programme for homosexual teenagers run by Love In ActionRefuge (Buddhism), a Buddhist religious practiceA book by Terry Tempest Williams, also known as Refuge: An Unnatural..
Refugee
This article is for the group of people as defined by international law (See also refugee law and right of asylum). For the description of "refugee" as casually used for any person who has been forced to leave their home, see displaced person. For other uses see refugee (disambiguation). A refugee..
Refugees (song)
Refugees is the debut single by The Tears, released on April 25, 2005 on Independiente Records. It charted at number 9 on the U.K. singles chart, which was relatively good considering the lack of success done by the previous Suede album, as well as the fact that it was the band's first single. The..
Refugees International
Refugees International is an Non-governmental organization headed by Ken Bacon. The former president was Lionel Rosenblatt. Contents 1 Mission statement2 Advocacy3 Leverage4 External link Mission statement Refugees International (RI) generates lifesaving humanitarian assista..
Refugees in India
India has seen large influx of refugee populations throughout history. Contents 1 Zoroastrian refugees from Persia2 Partition of India3 Tibetan refugees4 Refugees from East Pakistan and Bangladesh5 Afghan refugees Zoroastrian refugees from Persia See also: Qissa-i Sanjan..
Refugee (band)
Refugee was a group formed by former The Nice members, bassist Lee Jackson and drummer Brian Davison, with keyboardist Patrick Moraz. They released one album on Charisma Records before Moraz accepted an offer to join Yes in 1974. Davison and Jackson would later retire from music, until the recent Ke..
Refugee (disambiguation)
Refugee can mean among other things: A refugee as defined by refugee lawthe broader definition of someone without a home see displaced persona displaced person due to climate change induced disaster see climate refugeethe Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers song; see Refugee (song).the album of 90s rock ..
Refugee Act
The Refugee Act is a 1980 United States federal law that reformed United States immigration law and admitted refugees on systematic basis for humanitarian reasons. A 1985 ceiling of 70,000 refugees, with 270,000 immigrants total and 20,000 from any one country, was established. External links [..
Refugee Advocacy Service of South Australia Inc
Contents 1 '''Refugee Advocacy Service of South Australia Inc. (RASSA) '''2 '''History of the service.'''3 '''The founding board members''':4 '''Other major contributors to the service'''5 '''Activites of the service'''6 '''Recognition of the service''' Refugee Advoc..
Refugee camp
Refugee camp for Rwandans located in what is now the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo following the Rwandan Genocide A refugee camp is a camp built up by governments or NGOs (such as the ICRC) to receive refugees. Thousands of people may live in refugee camps. Since refugee camps are gene..
Refugee Camp - Bootleg Versions
Refugee Camp: Bootleg Versions is a 1996 music album by The Fugees, released by Sony BMG Music Entertainment, and contains 8 tracks. Track listing "Ready Or Not (Clark Kent/Django Remix)""Nappy Heads (Mad Spider Mix)""Don't Cry Dry Your Eyes""Vocab (Salaam's Remix)""Ready Or Not (Salaam's Ready For..
Refugee Council
The Refugee Council is the UK's largest organisation that works with refugees and asylum seekers. The organisation provides support and advice to refugees and asylum seekers, as well as support for other refugee and asylum seeker organisations. The Refugee Council also produces a large number repor..
Refugee Day
Refugee Day is sponsored by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. The 2003 celebration focused on children. ..
Refugee law
Refugee law is the branch of international law which deals with the rights and protection of refugees. It is related to, but distinct from, international human rights law and international humanitarian law, which deal respectively with human rights in general, and the conduct of war in particular. ..
Refugee Legal Centre
The Refugee Legal Centre or RLC is a charitable organisation in the United Kingdom which concerns itself with providing legal advice and representation to those who seek protection under the Geneva Conventions and Human rights laws. The RLC also lobbies on behalf of cases both individually and coll..
Refugee Regatta
Refugee Regatta is an (offensive) Australian slang term for illegal immigrants or refugees attempting to enter the country by sea (a.k.a. boat people). Influenced by the term regatta meaning "boat race(s)" and the fact that there are certain times of the year when major influxes of immigrants are e..
Refugee Relief Act
Act passed by U.S. Congress to rescue 214,000 migrants that lived in communist countries in Eastern Europe. ..
Refugee shelters
Refugee shelters include the most basic kind of structure created in the aftermath of a natural disaster as a temporary residence for victims who have lost or abandoned their homes. The materials and technology used to create these shelters has advanced as a result of worldwide news coverage of nat..
Refugee ships
In the Baltic Sea during WW II several ships that were loaded with evacuees have been torpedoed and sunk. Some of them are the Cap Arcona, the KdF Ship Wilhelm Gustloff, the Goya and the General von Steuben. Each of these ships was carrying thousands of German soldiers, civilians as well as deportee..
Refugee Status Appeals Authority
The New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority or RSAA, is an independent body which was set up to hear the appeals of people who have been declined refugee status by the Refugee Status Branch of the New Zealand Immigration Service. It was established in 1991. The RSAA is composed of a Chairp..
Refuge (Buddhism)
Part of a onBuddhism History of Buddhism Timeline of Buddhism Buddhist councils Foundations Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path The Five Precepts Nirvāna · Three Jewels Buddhism In Depth Three marks of existence Skandha · Karma · Dharma Samsara · Rebirth..
Refuge Assurance Building
The Refuge Assurance Building, or Refuge Building, stands at the corner of Oxford Street and Whitworth Street in Manchester, England. The first phase of this Grade II* listed red brick and terracotta building was designed for the Refuge Assurance Company by Alfred Waterhouse and built 1891-5. The i..
Refuge Denied
Refuge Denied is the debut album by the band Sanctuary, who disbanded in 1991 (partially reforming as Nevermore). This was the first and last album to feature extremely high pitched, layered vocals from vocalist Warrel Dane. It has been speculated that Dane injured himself in the making of Refuge De..
Refuge Records
Refuge Records Parent company Founded 1982 Founder(s) Bob MacKenzieRay Nenow Distributing label Genre(s) Various Country USA Web address Refuge Records was a Christian record label founded in the early 1980s by Bob MacKenzie and Ray Nenow. Refuge Records became an im..
Refugia
Proposed Amazonian Refugia from Haffer, 1969 In the most basic biological sense refugia (singular: refugium) refer to locations of isolated or relict populations of once widespread animal or plant species. This isolation (allopatry) can be the result of human activities - such as deforestation..
Refugio, Texas
Refugio is a town in Refugio County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,941 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Refugio County[Geographic references#6GR6]. Although the town's name is derived from Spanish, a vast majority of the town's residents pronounce it re-fury-oh, or..
Refugio County, Texas
Refugio County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2000, the population is 7,828. Its county seat is Refugio6. Contents 1 Geography1.1 Adjacent counties2 Demographics3 Cities and towns4 External link Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the..
Refunding
Refunding occurs when an entity that has issued callable bonds calls those debt securities from the debt holders with the express purpose of reissuing new debt at a lower coupon rate. In essence, the issue of new, lower-interest debt allows the company to prematurely refund the older, higher-interes..
Refunding Certificate
The Refunding Certificate, issued only in the $10 denomination, was a type of interest-bearing banknote issued by the United States Treasury. Their issuance relects the end of a coin-hoarding period which began during the American Civil War, and represented a return to public confidence in paper mo..
Refund Anticipation Loan
A Refund Anticipation Loan (RAL) is a short-term loan secured by a taxpayer’s expected tax refund. The Refund Anticipation Loan system was first invented, developed and implemented in Virginia Beach, Virginia by an accountant named Ronald Smith in 1985 and was quickly copied by major tax firms a..
Refund theft
Refund theft is a type of crime, related to shoplifting, which involves returning goods to a retailer, in exchange for money or other goods. In some cases the goods returned may be stolen (from the retailer or another party), and the return provides cash or an exchange for more desired items. Ot..
Refurbishment
Renovation at Parthenon Refurbishment (restoration) is the process of major maintenance or minor repair of an item, either aesthetically or mechanically. Often, antiques such as furniture are refurbished to bring back their original luster by applying new paint or wood stain, fixing loose..
Refusal of work
Refusal of work is a concept that has been advocated at various times by many social activist groups, mostly located on the libertarian left wing. The idea is that if enough of the working class refused to show up for work, parts of the capitalist power structure would be stalled, paving the way for..
Refusal skills
The refusal skills approach of teen celibacy advocates focuses on coaching unmarried high school students how to decline, in a way that promotes self-respect, sexual proposals by others. It attempts to minimize hurt feelings on the part of the other, while firmly respecting the right of the refuser..
Refusal to serve in the Israeli military
State of Israel Geography Land of Israel · Districts · Cities Transport · Mediterranean Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa History of Israel Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl · Flag Balfour · Mand..
Refuse-derived fuel
Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced by shredding municipal solid waste (MSW). RDF is also sometimes called solid recovered fuel (SRF). Noncombustible materials such as glass and metals are normally removed during the processing cycle with an air knife or other mechanical separation processi..
Refused
Refused was a hardcore punk band originating from Umeå, Sweden. They formed in January 1992 with Dennis Lyxzén, David Sandström, Pär Hansson and Jonas Lidgren and released their first demo, refused, the same year. The band went on to release one more demo, five EPs and three albums (not includ..
Refused Are Fucking Dead
When the cops finally forced their way through the crowd at the very last Refused show, it seemed a fitting end to a story of revolutionary romanticism and merry rebellion. Refused was the greatest promise punk rock was making. Was that promise of redemption fulfilled in this act of repression o..
Refused TV
redirect [[Template:Importance]] Refused TV is a music video Production Company. Refused TV produces two local Southern California music TV shows - Refused TV & Split. They also have a band management division. Refused TV is a weekly hour show featuring Indie rock, Alternative Rock and undergroun..
Refusenik
The word refusenik entered English language as a part of the Cold War lexicon to refer to those who were refused certain human rights, notably forbidden to emigrate. Later, its usage extended to those who refuse to participate in compulsory activities, such as army service, see conscientious objecto..
Refusenik (Israel)
Refusenik' (in Hebrew: סרבן read sar-van) is used by Israeli soldiers and reservists who refuse to serve in the occupied territories, in protest against Israel's actions in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Recently, the term was also used to describe soldiers who refuse to remove Israeli settl..
Refusenik (Muslim)
Muslim refusenik is a term coined and proudly adopted by Irshad Manji, a controversial Canadian Muslim writer. She would characterize all independent-minded, liberal, anti-fundamentalist Muslims as Muslim refuseniks. However, it is not clear that the term is actually used by anyone other than Ms. M..
Refusenik (Soviet Union)
Refusenik (Hebrew: , transliterated: mesorav; or: אסיר ציון, transliterated: asir tzion, literally means: Prisoner of Zion) or Otkaznik (Russian: , from "отказ", English equivalent: refusal, rejection) was an unofficial term for individuals, typically but not exclusively Soviet Jews, wh..
Refuse Act
The United States Refuse Act of 1899 is a long-ignored federal statute. It prohibits all industrial discharges into bodies of water. Every industrial discharge since 1899 has been a crime. Refuse Act (33 USC 407), is section 13 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. The 1899 Refuse Act is a powerf..
Refuse and Resist
..
Ref sanchez
Refugio Sanchez, better known as Ref Sanchez an american actor who appeared mostly in stelevison show in smaller acting parts and also was a well-known fashion photographer in the 1950's through the 1970's. He was born in Arizona in 1917 and passed away in 1986? from brain cancer. He was born into..

 

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