Encyclopedia: TOP...
Encyclopedia : T : TO : TOP (914 articles)
TopFor other uses, see (disambiguation)}}}. A Japanese top A top, or spinning top, is a children's toy that can be spun on an axis, balancing on a point. The top is one of the oldest recognizable toys found on archaeological sites. Besides toys, tops have also historically been used for gambling..
TOPTOP can mean multiple things: Tedcastles Oil ProductsTongan pa'anga, the ISO 4217 code for the currency of TongaTribunal de Orden Público, the Spanish FrancoistTower of Power ..
Top-bar hiveTop-bar hives are a style of beehive used for beekeeping. They are especially useful in areas where technology is limited, but are also increasingly popular among hobby beekeepers in industrialized nations. This article is primarily concerned with the application of these hives in non-traditional ..
Top-dimensional formIn differential topology, a top-dimensional form is a differential form whose degree is the same as the dimension of the manifold on which it is defined. See also Volume form ..
Top-down and bottom-up design''"Top down" redirects here. For the view angle in computer and video games, see top-down perspective. For the computer and video game genre centered in this view angle, see top-down shooter. Top-down and bottom-up are strategies of information processing, mostly involving software, and by extension..
Top-down parsingTop-down parsing is a strategy of analyzing unknown data relationships by hypothesizing general parse tree structures and then considering whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis. It occurs in the analysis of both natural languages and computer languages. Progra..
Top-down parsing languageTop-Down Parsing Language (TDPL) is a type of analytic formal grammar developed by Alexander Birman in the early 1970s in order to study formally the behavior of a common class of practical top-down parsers that support a limited form of backtracking. Birman originally named his formalism the TMG S..
Top-down perspectiveGrand Theft Auto Top-down perspective, also sometimes referred to as bird's-eye view or helicopter view, is a camera angle used in computer and video games that shows the player and the area around him or her from above. It is most often used in simulations such as Civilization and Railroad ..
Top-down planningTop-down planning is a plan-process that integrates the gradual developmental structures from the very complex forms to the simplest forms with all integral details made explicit at the gradual unfolding of the involved complexities. This could be likened to a pyramid from the very peak to the broad..
Top-down shooterA top-down shooter (sometimes shortened to TDS, and also known as a top-view shooter) is a genre of computer and video games in which the player is displayed from above, or a top-down perspective. This genre is not common in mainstream gaming, instead, games of this type are usually created by h..
Top-hat shimA top-hat shim (lash cap US) is a small inverted hardened-metal cup placed atop a valve stem. Varying thicknesses of top-hat shims are used to adjust valve clearances in a similar fashion to standard flat disc shims (as used in Fiat SOHC/DOHC, Volvo and early Jaguar engines) where the cam-lobe opera..
Top-level domainA top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of an Internet domain name; that is, the letters which follow the final dot of any domain name. For example, in the domain name en.wikipedia.org, the top-level domain is org (or ORG, as domain names are not case-sensitive). The Internet Assigned Numbers Aut..
Top-of-the-World, ArizonaTop-of-the-World is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gila County, Arizona, United States. The population was 330 at the 2000 census. Geography Top-of-the-World is located at [33°20′49″N, 110°59′43″W] (33.346856, -110.995172)[Geographic references#1GR1]. According ..
Top-postingTop-posting means replying to a message above the original message. This may be a message in an Internet forum, an e-mail message or a Usenet post. Top-posting is criticized by some definitions of Internet etiquette. So it doesn't mess up the flow of reading. > How come? > > I prefer to reply inl..
Top-upsIn business, a top-up is a variation of a company’s stock repurchase program for common shareholders. Although this buyback reduces voting power of its shareholder, the shareholder may subsequently increase its holdings, called a top-up. For example, if company A holds 20% of voting power, and c..
Top-up feesTop-up fees (not their official name) are a new way of charging tuition to undergraduate and PGCE students who study at universities in England and Wales from the 2006-2007 academic year onwards. Contents 1 How the fees will work2 Introduction of top-up fees3 Controversy4 Arg..
TOP500The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful publicly-known (that is, unclassified) computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting t..
Top7Top7 is an artificial 93-amino acid protein made by researchers at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. The protein was designed ab initio on a computer with the help of protein structure prediction algorithms. X-ray crystallography on the protein after it was..
TopaTopa is a census town in Hazaribag district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Demographics As of 2001 India census[Geographic references#IndiaGRIndia], Topa had a population of 5008. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Topa has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher ..
TopacioTopacio (1984) was a Venezuelan telenovela (produced by and seen on Venezuela's Radio Caracas Televisión), written by Benilde Avila, Milagros del Valle, Ana Mercedes Escámez, and Delia Fiallo and directed by Luis Alberto Lamata and Luis Manzo. This telenovela lasted 181 episodes. It was distri..
Topal Osman PashaThis article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. Topal Osman Pasha'is a Grand Vizier celebrated by Western as well as Ottoman writers. Contents 1 ..
Topanga, CaliforniaThis article is about a town in Los Angeles County. For the music album by Colin Hay, see Topanga (album). For the TV show character named Topanga Lawrence-Matthews, see Boy Meets World. Topanga, California is an unincorporated neighborhood in western Los Angeles County, USA. It is located in the S..
Topanga (album)Topanga is an album by Australian singer Colin Hay, released in 1994. (See 1994 in music). Track listing "I Haven't Seen You in a Long Time" (Hay) - 3:19"Into the Cornfields" (Hay) - 4:09"Waiting for My Real Life to Begin" (Hay, Mooney) - 4:57"Can't Take This Town" (Hay) - 4:51"I Think I Know" (Ha..
Topanga State ParkTrippet Ranch Topanga State Park is a California state park located in Los Angeles County. It is located adjacent to the unincorporated community of Topanga, California, within the city of Los Angeles, California. Covering 11,000 acres (45 km²) it is the largest state park within city limits...
Topatopa MountainsThe Topatopa Mountains are located in Ventura County in southern California, north of Santa Paula. The range lies in an east-west direction northeast of the community of Ojai, and west of the Sespe Condor Sanctuary. The ranges reaches an elevation of 6,704 feet at Hines Peak, about six miles north ..
TopazThis article is about the mineral or gemstone, for other uses see: Topaz (disambiguation). Topaz Colorless topaz, Minas Gerais, Brazil Topaz is a mineral, a nesosilicate of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F,OH)2. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and its..
TopazeTopaze is the designation of a French sounding rocket. The Topaze built by the manufacturer SEREB was the first guidable French elevator research rocket. The Topaze was started between 1962 and 1965 14mal von Hammaguir. There were two versions of the Topaze. External links http://www.astronautix.co..
TopazoliteTopazolite is a variety of andradite. It differs from andradite in its yellow color, similar to that of topaz. It can vary from greenish yellow to yellowish brown. ..
Topaz (1945 film)For the Alfred Hitchcock film, see Topaz (1969 film). Topaz is a 1945 documentary film, shot illegally (though with the assistance of members of the camp staff), which documented life at the Topaz Relocation Center in Utah during World War II. Filmed by internee Dave Tatsuno (1913-2006), it was d..
Topaz (1969 film)For the documentary film shot illegally in Japanese internment camps in the western United States during World War II, see Topaz (1945 film). Topaz, director Alfred Hitchcock's 51st movie, filmed between 1968 and 1969, was adapted from the book Topaz by Leon Uris. It is a Cold War and spy story wit..
Topaz (comics)Topaz is a character from Malibu Comics' series, Ultraforce. She first appeared in ''Mantra. Topaz was a warrior Queen from the extradimensional matriarchal realm of Gwendor. A crashed alien spacecraft (connected to the Entity on the Moon) created a series of random pan-dimensional gateways, brief..
Topaz (disambiguation)Topaz might refer to: Topaz, a mineral or gemstone.Topaz (1945 film), a documentary about World War II Japanese-American internment camps.Topaz (1969 film), by Alfred Hitchcock).Topaz (1991 film), a Japanese film.Topaz (novel), by Leon Uris.Topaz (internment camp), west of Delta, Utah.Mercury Topaz..
Topaz (Marvel Comics)Topaz is a fictional character, a sorceress in the Marvel Comics universe. She debuted in Werewolf By Night v1. #13 (1974) History The character's origins and real name are unknown, even to herself. As an infant, Topaz was found and adopted by the Sorcerer Taboo, who was living in an Indian priso..
Topaz (novel)Topaz is a thriller novel written by Leon Uris and published in 1967. The Cold War-era story concerns an alleged plot between the Russians and Cubans, and a spy ring with connections to both. In 1969 Alfred Hitchcock directed a film based on the book. ..
Topaz LakeTopaz Lake is a man-made reservoir located on the California-Nevada border, about 75 miles south of Reno. The lake was formed by diverting waters from the West Walker River into a nearby basin that had previously contained a smaller, natural lake. The initial construction took place in 1922, resul..
Topaz Relocation CenterThe Topaz Relocation Center was an internment camp which housed Nikkei -- Americans of Japanese descent and immigrants who had come to the United States from Japan. There were a number of internment camps used during the Second World War, under the control of the War Relocation Authority. The in..
Topaz Road National ParkTopaz Road is a national park in Queensland (Australia), 1348 km northwest of Brisbane. Fact sheet Area: 0.38 km²Coordinates: [17°24′00″S, 145°41′59″E]Date of establishment: 1977Managing authorities: Queensland Parks and Wildlife ServiceIUCN category: II See also Protected area..
Topaz TrollhopperTopaz Trollhopper is a fictional character from Trollz. She is slightly obsessed with fashion and has four best friends named Ruby, Sapphire, Onyx, and Amethyst. They are known as the BFFL(Best Friends for Life). She has blonde hair and wears a pink blouse and green shoes. She has a boyfriend kn..
TopchanchiTopchanchi is a census town in Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Topchanchi is located at [23.9° N 86.2° E][Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Topchanchi]. It has an average elevation of 304 metres (997 feet). Demographics As of 2001 ..
TopčiderTopčider (Serbian: Топчидер) is a suburb in Belgrade, Serbia, located in the municipality of Savski Venac. Topčider incident Located in Topčider is a military complex. In October 2004, two guards there were mysteriously found shot dead. The first official army report stated that the two ..
TopcliffeTopcliffe could be Topcliffe, North YorkshireTopcliffe, West YorkshireRichard Topcliffe This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ar..
Topcliffe, North YorkshireTopcliffe is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. The village is situated on the River Swale, close to the A168 and about five miles south-west of Thirsk. Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland was killed at Topcliffe in 1489 when he proclaimed a poll ..
TopcoatA topcoat is: A short coat made of heavy material similar to that of an overcoatThe guard hairs of an animal's coat.A transparent or translucent coat of paint applied over the underlying material as a sealer. This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated wit..
TopCoderTopCoder is a company which administers contests in computer programming. Contests are typically in these formats: Algorithms - Contestants are presented with a set of algorithm problems and have 75 minutes to solve as many of the problems as they can. For each problem, submissions are tested a..
TopconTopcon (トプコン) Corporation is a Japanese manufacturer of optical equipment for ophthalmology and surveying. Their headquarters are in Itabashi, Tokyo. They are affiliated with Toshiba, which holds 40% of Topcon's stock. Prior to the end of World War II, Topcon sold optical equipment to the ..
Topco Associates, LLCTopco Associates, LLC is a cooperative owned by other retailers' cooperatives and independent grocery stores and chains. It provides the services of procurement, quality assurance, packaging, and other services for retailers, wholesalers, and foodservice companies. Owners of Topco The following s..
Topdog/UnderdogTopdog/Underdog is a play by Suzan-Lori Parks. It received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2002. The play chronicles the adult lives of two African American brothers, Lincoln and Booth, as they cope with women, work, poverty, gambling, racism, and their troubled upbringings. It had a successful r..
Topdog vs. UnderdogTopdog vs. Underdog is a phrase coined by Fritz Perls, the father of Gestalt Therapy, to describe a self-torture game that people play with themselves in order to avoid the anxiety that they encounter in their environment. Description The topdog describes the part of an individual who makes demand..
TopeTope is the popular name in Buddhist countries for a species of cupola-shaped tumulus surmounted by a finial, in shape like an open parasol, the emblem of Hindu royalty; these parasol finials were often placed one upon the top of the other until a great height was reached; one in Ceylon attains a he..
Topeka, IllinoisTopeka is a village in Mason County, Illinois, United States. The population was 90 at the 2000 census. Geography Topeka is located at [40°19′48″N, 89°55′52″W] (40.329960, -89.931034)[Geographic references#1GR1]. According to the United States Census Bureau, the villa..
Topeka, IndianaTopeka is a town in LaGrange County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,159 at the 2000 census. Topeka is located approximately 11 miles south of Shipshewana, Indiana. Topeka is home to Faron Yoder, the star of the Rumspringa documentary made in 2002 entitled "Devil's Playground." Geogr..
Topeka, KansasThis article is about the state capital of Kansas. For other uses, see Topeka (disambiguation). Topeka is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Shawnee County, which is named after the Shawnee Indians. It is the third most populated city (after Wichita and Kansas Cit..
Topeka & Shawnee County Public LibraryThe [Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library] is a public library located in Topeka, Kansas. It serves all of Shawnee County, Kansas with the exception of the Rossville, Kansas and Silver Lake, Kansas townships. The Topeka & Shawnee County Public Library is a municipal taxing district auth..
Topeka (disambiguation)Topeka is the name of locations in the United States of America: Topeka, Illinois, community in Mason County.Topeka, Indiana, town in LaGrange County.Topeka, Kansas, the state capital and most prominent place with this name. USS Topeka has been the name of three United States Navy ships. This is ..
Topeka (store)Tiendas Topeka (or Topeka Stores) is a large Puerto Rican retail department store chain. Topeka as a store chain began in the late 1950s, competing with such other stores as Woolworth's, Pitusa and La New York Department Stores. Topeka eventually grew into one of the largest retail store chains o..
Topeka ConstitutionThe Topeka Convention, held in 1855, was the first attempt to establish a constitution for Kansas Territory. However, territorial legislators and the federal officials considered the convention "illegal" since it was organized by Free-Staters, who considered the election of the official (proslavery..
Topeka High SchoolTopeka High School is located in the city of Topeka in the U.S. State of Kansas. Since 1931 it has occupied its fourth building, often incorrectly storied to be the first million dollar high school west of the Mississippi River. It is one of three high schools in the [USD 501] scho..
Topeka TarantulasThe Topeka Tarantulas were a professional ice hockey team. They are a member of the Central Hockey League. They played their home games at Landon Arena. The team was from Indianapolis, Indiana, as the Indianapolis Ice moved. ..
Topeka Tornado of 1966The Topeka Tornado of 1966 was one of the worst tornadoes in Kansas history. On June 8th, 1966, Topeka, Kansas was struck by an F5 rated tornado. It started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, passing over a local landmark named Burnetts Mound. According to a local Native American lege..
Topeka ZooThe Topeka Zoological Park (or unofficially "The World Famous Topeka Zoo") is a medium-sized zoo in Topeka, Kansas in the United States. It is located within Gage Park, just off I-70. Despite its small size, it has a number of fine exhibits, including one of the first indoor tropical rain fores..
Topeng--> Topeng is an Indonesian form of dance drama in which one or more dancers wear masks and perform ancient stories, often concerning semi-mythical kings and princes. The dancer is usually accompanied by music from one of the many forms of gamelan. Topeng dances are most prevalent in Bali and Ja..
TOPEX/PoseidonTOPEX/Poseidon (NASA/JPL-Caltech) The TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter was a science project to measure the ocean surface topography. It had (near) global coverage from 66°N to 66°S (almost all of the ice-free oceans) from late 1992 to the end of 2005. The accuracy of TOPEX/POSEIDON data ..
TopfieldEstablished in Korea in 1998, TOPFIELD Co., Ltd. is a consumer electronics manufacturer making broadcasting receivers, other video and audio related apparatus. Their main business is making products such as set top boxes (STB) and personal video recorders (PVR) to be used with satellite televisi..
TopfreedomA mixed group of people including topless women and barechested men. Topfreedom is a social movement which seeks to accord women the right to go topless in public should they so choose, where men have the equivalent right. Examples of public spaces which might be covered include beaches, swim..
Topgallant sailOn a square rigged sailing vessel, a topgallant sail is the square-rigged sail or sails immediately above the topsail or topsails. It is also known as a gallant or garrant sail. A full rigged ship has two topsails and two topgallant sails per mast, so the lower topgallant sail is immediately above ..
TopGeoTopGeo, or more widely known as [TopGeo Designs], is a successfull union located at GameSpot. History of TopGeo TopGeo was established by GeorgeTopouria, a long-time respected GS forumite, which created the union to serve under educational purposes. ..
Toph[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]] character Toph Bei Fong Nationality Earth Kingdom (Gaoling) Gender Female Hair color Black Eye color Pale green (blind) Age 12 Position Earthbending master (Southern Praying Mantis Style) First appearance [[The Swamp (Avatar: The Last Airbend..
Topham BeauclerkTopham Beauclerk (December 22, 1739 - March 11, 1780) was an English nobleman, the only son of Lord Sidney Beauclerk, a special favourite of Dr. Johnson (???). Note: Topham Beauclerk [last name pronounced "Bo-Clare"] pops up a few times in Boswell's Life of Johnson. When Beauclerk was on..
Topham Elementary SchoolTopham Elementary is a public elementary school in Langley, British Columbia part of School District 35 Langley. ..
Tophelright Tophel or Tofel (תפל) was an Edomite town mentioned in the Hebrew Bible: "These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the desert east of the Jordan — that is, in the Arabah — opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab." (Deuteronomy 1:1). It is ident..
Topher GraceGrace on Saturday Night Live Topher Grace (born Christopher Grace on July 12, 1978) is an American actor, perhaps best known for playing the role of Eric Forman on the situation comedy That '70s Show during the show's first seven seasons. Contents 1 Biography1.1 Early life1.2 ..
TophetTophet is a location near Jerusalem where according to the Bible, the Canaanites sacrificed children to the god Moloch by burning them alive. It is thought to be a specific geographic location within the valley of Gehenna. The name is possibly derived from the Hebrew toph = drum, because drums wer..
TophethTopheth (tō´feth; התּפת; ha-tōpheth; etymology uncertain) most probably is connected with a root word meaning “burning” - the "place of burning"; the King James Version, Tophet, except in 2 Kings 23:10. The references are to such a place: “They have ..
TophillTophill is a gently sloping area of land on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. Rising from sea level at Portland Bill to 495 feet near HMP the Verne at its northern end, Tophill contains the town of Easton and the villages of Weston, Southwell, the Grove and Wakeham. The lower northern end of..
TophusA tophus (Latin: "stone", plural tophi) is a deposit of crystallised monosodium urate in people with longstanding hyperuricemia. At this stage, most have already developed symptoms of the associated crystal arthopathy known as gout. Tophi form in the joints, cartilage, bones, and other places throu..
TopiThis article is about the antelope. For the town see Topi (town). For the headgear, see Pith helmet. Topi standing in Masai Mara. The Topi, or Tsessebe, as it is called in Southern Africa, (Damaliscus lunatus also known as Tiang or Korrigum) is a savannah and floodplain antelope found in S..
TopiaryTraditional topiary fills the squares of the parterre at the Château de Villandry, France Topiary is the art of creating sculptures in the medium of clipped shrubs and sub-shrubs. The word derives from the Latin word for an ornamental landscape gardener, topiarius. The shrubs and sub-shrubs ..
Topiary CommunicationsTopiary Communications Inc. is a software company founded in 1997 and based in Chicago, Illinois. Topiary licenses its patented PersonalPro software which allows users to codify key expertise and knowledge in the form of a taxonomy and then to easily publish (generate) self service applications to ..
TopicTopic can refer to: A subject of discussion, see On-topicIn linguistics, the Topic (or theme) is the part of a proposition that is being talked about (predicated).Aristotle's Topics, a work by AristotleAn XML topic (a kind of resource)Topic (chocolate bar), a brand of milk chocolate confectionery ba..
Topic-commentIn linguistics, the topic (or theme) is the thing being predicated (talked about), and the comment (or rheme) is the thing being said about the topic. Different languages mark topics in different ways. For example, English either tries to make topics into subjects, or employs word order and/or lexi..
Topic-focus articulationTopic-focus articulation is a field of study in linguistics. It is concerned with the means of marking the old and new information in a clause. See also Topic (linguistics)Focus (linguistics)Eva HajičováPetr SgallBarbara Partee References Eva Hajičová Barbara H. Partee and P..
Topic-prominent languageA topic-prominent language is one that organizes its syntax so that sentences have a topic-comment (or theme-rheme) structure, where the topic is the thing being talked about (predicated) and the comment is what is said about the topic. This structure is independent of the syntactic ordering of subj..
TopicalIn medicine, a topical medication is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes such as the vagina, throat, or the eye. Some hydrophobic chemicals such as steroid hormones can be absorbed into the body after being applied to the skin in the form of a cream, gel or lotion. Transd..
TopicalityPart of the seriesPolicy Debate ..
Topical anestheticA topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. They can be used to numb the front of the eye, the inside of the nose, the throat, the skin, the ear, the anus, and the genital area [link]. Topical anesthetics are available in creams, ointments, a..
Topical blogThis does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Contents 1 Topical blogs1.1 Health1.2 Human Rights1.3 Literature1.4 Travel1.5 ..
Topical decongestantTopical decongestants are decongestants applied directly to the nasal cavity. By applying them directly to the site of action, topical decongestants relieve nasal congestion while reducing the side effects associated with systemically-acting decongestants, such as high blood pressure. Mechanism of..
Topical songA topical song is a song that comments on current political and social events. Typically, these songs offer a mix of narrative and commentary, although some (such as Neil Young's song "Ohio", reacting to the Kent State shootings) assume that the events are so well known that only commentary is calle..
Topical stamp collectingTopical or thematic stamp collecting is the practice of collecting postage stamps relating to a particular subject or concept. Topics may include almost anything, from birds on stamps, to famous physicians, to the history of southwest England. Both collectors of whales and penguins on stamps wou..
TopicityIn chemistry, topicity refers to the stereochemical relationship of substituents relative to the structure to which they are attached. Depending on the relationship, such groups can be homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic. Contents 1 Homotopic2 Enantiotopic3 Diastereotopic4..
TopicortTopicort is a medication belonging to the family of medications known as topical corticosteroids. It is used for the relief of various skin conditions, including rashes. It helps to reduce redness, itching, and irritation. There are two brand name products: Topicort® Emollient Cream(desoximetas..
Topics (Aristotle)Topics (or "Topica") is a text by Aristotle. The text deals with logic and logical argumentation. External links Topics, trans. by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge*http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/a/a8t/ ..
Topics in cryptographyredirect[[Template:Portal]]This article is intended to be an 'analytic glossary', or alternatively, an organized collection of annotated pointers. See List of cryptography topics for an alphabetical listing of cryptography articles. Contents 1 Classical ciphers2 Famous ciphertexts3 ..
Topic (chocolate bar)Topic is a chocolate bar made by Masterfoods in France and the United Kingdom, but is sold throughout Europe and the United States. It contains hazelnuts, nougat and caramel. ..
Topic (linguistics)In linguistics, the topic (or theme) is the part of the proposition that is being talked about (predicated). Once stated, the topic is therefore "old news", i.e. the things already mentioned and understood. For example, the topic is emphasized like this in the following sentences: The dog bit the l..
Topic (XML)In XML terminology, topic can mean A resource that acts as a proxy for some subject; the topic map system's representation of that subject. The relationship between a topic and its subject is defined to be one of reification. Reification of a subject allows topic characteristics to be assigned to t..
Topic mapTopic maps are an ISO standard for the representation and interchange of knowledge, with an emphasis on the findability of information. The standard is formally known as ISO/IEC 13250:2003. A topic map can represent information using topics (representing any concept, from people, countries, and org..
Topic markerA topic marker is a grammatical particle found in the Japanese and Korean languages used to mark the topic of a sentence. This often overlaps with the subject of the sentence, causing confusion with learners, as most other languages lack it. However, it differs from a subject in that it puts more ..
Topic RecordsTopic Records began as an offshoot of the UK Communist Party in 1939. They claim to be the oldest independent record label in the world. In the 1950s Topic Records separated from the Communist party but those involved still had socialist credentials. Up to 1949 the composer Alan Bush was involved w..
Topic search[[wikibooks:|Wikibooks ]] has more about this subject: [[wikibooks::How to search|How to search]] Searching is the act of trying to find something or someone. One can distinguish between two forms of search. One may search for an item that is known to exist, with the intent to locate it, and on..
Topic sentenceA topic sentence tells the reader what a paragraph is about: Every paragraph needs a topic sentence. The topic sentence is usually the first sentence of the paragraph.[link] See also Thesis statement External link [What is a thesis statement?] - A guide by a fifth-grade writing ..
Topic threadA topic thread is a string of consecutive message postings to a newsgroup, mailing list, hypermail, blog or Internet forum, linked and sortable by date, author, or subject-heading threads. Open thread An open thread, which at one time was referred to as noodles, can refer to a post where readers ..
TopielecTopielec (plural Topielce) or Vodník is a name applied to Slavic spirits of water. The topielce are spirits of human souls that died drowning, residing in the element of their own demise. They are responsible for sucking people into swamps and lakes as well as killing the animals standing near the ..
Topiltzin Ce Acatl QuetzalcoatlTopiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl (Our Prince One-Reed Feathered Serpent) was a 10th century Toltec leader. In later generations, he was a figure of legend often confused or conflated with the important Mesoamerican deity Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent). One estimate puts the years of his reign fr..
Topiltzin QuetzalcoatlThe legend of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl is debated by anthropologists studying the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica. The historical and mythological representations of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl continued to play a formative role in later Mesoamerican cultures and are still part of c..
TopiramateTopiramate (brand name: Topamax®) is an anticonvulsant drug produced by Ortho-McNeil, a division of Johnson & Johnson. It is used to treat epilepsy in both children and adults. In children it is also indicated for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a disorder that causes seizures and developme..
TopixTopix, along with Nikkei 225, is an important stock market index for the Tokyo stock exchange in Japan, tracking 1645 companies. The index is currently transitioning from a system where a company's weighting is based on the total number of shares outstanding (commonly called the float) to a weightin..
Topix.netTopix.net is a news aggregator which categorizes news stories by topic and geography. It was created by the founders of the Open Directory Project. In March 2005, the Knight Ridder, Tribune Company and Gannett media companies purchased a 75% share of the company [link]. External links �..
Topi (town)Topi is a small town in NWFP, Pakistan. It is located near the world's largest earth-filled dam, Tarbela Dam, which is also the largest hydroelectric generation project in Pakistan. The town of Topi became known after the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (GIKI), nam..
TopkapiTopkapi can mean: The Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, TurkeyThe 1964 caper movie Topkapi This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended artic..
Topkapi (film)Topkapi is a 1964 heist film directed by American Jules Dassin. The film is based on Eric Ambler's novel The Light of Day (1962). Set in Turkey during the 1960s, it stars Melina Mercouri (then Dassin's wife), Maximilian Schell, Peter Ustinov and Robert Morley. Although he played one of the leadin..
Topkapi manuscriptThe term Topkapi manuscript refers to a very early manuscript of Qur'an, and this manuscript is currently kept in the Topkapi Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. See also Uthman Qur'an Reference [Topkapi manuscript - folios] ..
Topkapi PalaceFor the 1964 movie, see Topkapi (film). Entrance of Topkapi Palace, Babu-s Selam Topkapi Palace Courtyard, Tower of Justice in the rear Topkapı Palace (Topkapı Sarayı in Turkish, literally the "Cannongate Palace" - named after a nearby gate), located in Istanbul (Constantinople),..
Topkis's TheoremIn economics, Topkis's Theorem states that if f is supermodular in (x,θ), then [x^*(\theta)=\arg\max_f(x,\theta)] is nondecreasing in θ. ..
TopknotTopknot may refer to: Chonmage, a traditional Japanese haircut worn by men.Several species of fishes:* The New Zealand topknot, Notoclinus fenestratus.* The Norwegian Topknot, Phrynorhombus norvegicus.* The Brown Topknot, Notoclinus compressus.* Several species in the genus Zeugopterus. This is a &..
Topknot PigeonThe Topknot Pigeon (Lopholaimus antarcticus), is a pigeon native to Australia. It is also known by the name of "Flock Pigeon". The birds are big, with length varying from 40 to 46 centimetres (16 to 18.4 inches). It has a pale grey breast, dark grey wings and a slaty-black tail with one light..
TOPLAPTOPLAP (The (Temporary|Transnational|Terrestrial|Transdimensional) Organisation for the (Promotion|Proliferation|Permanence|Purity) of Live (Algorithm|Audio|Art|Artistic) Programming) is an organization which explores the practice of live coding in relation to the performing arts. It began in Februa..
ToplessnessTopless and its synonyms redirect here. For the Miles Tredinnick play see Topless (stage play) Going topless or "bare chested" means not wearing any clothes above the waist, exposing the entire torso. The term "topless" is nearly only applied to women, since it is much more common for men to be bar..
Topless (band)Topless is a one woman play by Miles Tredinnick. It is set on an open-top sightseeing bus and features tour guide Sandie revealing her personal life whilst pointing out the London sights. The play, produced by The Big Bus Company ran for two seasons in London; firstly in 1999 (directed by Martin B..
Topless (stage play)Topless is a one woman play by Miles Tredinnick. It is set on an open-top sightseeing bus and features tour guide Sandie revealing her personal life whilst pointing out the London sights. The play, produced by The Big Bus Company, ran for two seasons in London; firstly in 1999 (directed by Martin..
Topless Women Talk About Their Lives (soundtrack)Topless Women Talk About Their Lives is the soundtrack to the New Zealand film, Topless Women Talk About Their Lives. It was released alongside the film by Flying Nun Track listing Hey Seuss - 3DSNorth by North - The BatsAnything Could Happen - The CleanAnimal - 3DSSaskatchewan - SuperetteBuddy..
Topley Landing Provincial ParkTopley Landing Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. ..
Toplica DistrictToplica District within Central Serbia The Toplica District (Serbian: Toplički okrug or Топлички округ) expands in the southern part of Serbia. It has a population of 102.075 (census 2002) and has been named after the river Toplica. Seat of the District is in the city of Prokuplj..
Toplica RiverThe Toplica (Serbian Cyrillic: Топлица) is the river in southern Serbia. The river is 130 km long and gives its name to the whole region it flows through, which constitutes most of the modern Toplica District of Serbia. Contents 1 Upper course2 Toplica region3 Characteristic..
TopLinkTopLink [link] is an object-relational mapping package for Java developers. It provides a powerful and flexible framework for storing Java objects in a relational database or for converting Java objects to XML documents. TopLink Essentials [link] is the Reference Implementation ..
TopliţaThe factual accuracy of this article is [Accuracy disputedisputed]. Please see the relevant discussion on the [..
ToploaderToploader were a British indie band from Eastbourne, formed in 1997. They are best known for their cover of King Harvest's "Dancing In The Moonlight", a remix of which reached the Top Ten in the British singles chart. In 2000 Toploader were one of the most popular acts in British alternative musi..
Toploader TransmissionA Toploader transmission is a manually shifted three and four speed gearbox introduced in 1964 by Ford Motor Company to replace the BorgWarner T-10. It was used in most Fords and Mercurys from 1964 until 1973 as well as some foreign models. Officially designated the 3.03 three speed or Ford design ..
TopmastThe masts of traditional sailing ships were not single spars, but were constructed of separate sections or masts, each with its own rigging. The topmast is one of these. The topmast is semi-permanently attached to the upper front of the lower mast, at the top. Its shrouds run to the edges of the ..
TopmostTopmost was a Finnish rock band founded in 1966, becoming the most popular band in Finland in the following year. Its members were Heimo "Holle" Holopainen (bass, background vocals), Kristian "Kisu" Jernström (drums, background vocals), Vasilij "Gugi" Kokljuschkin (vocals), Eero Lupari (guitar, bac..
TopnotchTopNotch Records is an Amsterdam based record label, concentrating on Dutch Hip Hop. The label was founded by Kees de Koning in 1995. The first artist who signed with the record label was Extince, others followed quickly. Some people say that the label is the breeding ground for young Dutch rap-tale..
TopoA topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area. It gives details of the grade of each of the climb. It includes the length of the climbs and most importantly how to get to the area of the climbs, and where exactly each climb starts. It will usually specify where a climb is a sport climb or a trad (tr..
TopocideTopocide is defined as the deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed. ..
Topock, ArizonaTopock is a small town in Arizona that is just outside of Bullhead and Lake Havasu. Topock is best known for being a boating town. It is about 5 miles away from the Colorado River, and has a marsh right on the edge of town that leaks in from the river. ..
Topock GorgeThis does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Topock Gorge is a mountainous section of the Colorado River between I-40 and Lake Havasu. Recreational boaters..
Topogenic sequenceA topogenic sequence is a segment of a protein that ensures it acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum. A single internal topogenic sequence directs the insertion of some single-pass transmembrane proteins. ..
Topographical codesIn medicine, "Topographical codes" (or "topography code") are codes that indicate a specific location in the body. Examples Only the first of these is a system dedicated only to topography. The others are more generalized systems that contain topographic axes. Nomina Anatomica (updated to Termino..
Topographic mapExample of a topographic map with contour lines Topographic maps, also called contour maps, topo maps or topo quads (for quadrangles), are maps that show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. Contour lines are curves that connect contiguous points of the same altitude (iso..
Topographic profileA topographic profile is a cross-sectional view along a line drawn through a portion of a topographic map. In other words, if you could slice through a portion of the earth, pull away one half, and look at it from the side, the surface would be a topographic profile. Not only does constructing a..
Topographic prominenceIn topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. It is a measure of the independent stature of a summit. By definition, it is the..
TopographySurface of the Earth Topography is a general term in geography, derived from the Greek "topos" (place) and "graphein" (to draw), and refers to the lie of the land, or various other characteristics of Physical geography in a region; this is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, an..
Topography (I/O)This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself}} if you can. See [discussion page] for details. The primary/secondary bus can be fiber optic, Ethernet, Arcnet, RS232, RS485, wireless, depending on the ..
Topography of ParisThe topography, or physical lay of the land, of Paris, the capital of France, is relatively flat but contains a number of hills. Montmartre: 130 m (425 ft) above sea level. It was leveled in the 18th century.Belleville: 128 m (420 ft) ASLMenilmontant: 108 m (354 ft) ASLButtes-Chaumont: 80 m (269 ft..
Topography of TerrorThe Topography of Terror (German: Topographie des Terrors)is an outdoor museum in Berlin, the capital of Germany. It is located in Niederkirchnerstrasse, formerly Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, on the site of buildings which during the Nazi regime from 1933 to 1945 were the headquarters of the Gestapo an..
Topogravitic tensorIn general relativity, the topogravitic tensor is one of the three pieces of the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor. The topogravitic tensor can be interpreted as representing the sectional curvatures for the spatial part of a frame field. ..
TopoisomerTopoisomers or topological isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different topologies. Examples of molecules for which there exist topoisomers include DNA, which can form knots, and catenanes. DNA topoisomers can be interchanged by enzymes called topoisomerases [#endnote_cha..
TopoisomeraseTopoisomerases (type I: EC [5.99.1.2], type II: EC [5.99.1.3]) are enzymes that act on the topology of DNA. The double-helical configuration that DNA strands naturally reside in makes them difficult to separate, and yet they must be separated by helicase proteins if other enzyme..
Topoisomerase IVTopoisomerase IV is one of two type-II topoisomerases in bacteria, the other being DNA gyrase. Like gyrase, topoisomerase IV is able to pass one double-strand of DNA through another double-strand of DNA, thereby changing the linking number of DNA by two in each enzymatic step. Topoisomerase IV has t..
TopolTopol (Russian: , poplar) may refer to one of the following: Chaim Topol, an Israeli actorRT-2UTTH Topol M, a Russian intercontinental ballistic missileRT-2PM Topol, a Russian intercontinental ballistic missile This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated w..
TopolaTopola (Serbian Cyrillic: Топола) is a town and municipality situated in the Šumadija region of Serbia. It was the place where Karađorđe, a Serbian revolutionary, was chosen as the leader of the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1804. The name Topola means poplar. ..
TopoľčanyTopoľčany (Slovak: before 1920; German: ; Hungarian: ) is a town in the Nitra Region of Slovakia. The population as of 2005 was 28,945. The name Topoľčany is derived from "topoľ", Slovak for poplar tree. Groves of these trees were once abundant on the banks of the Nitra River. Contents 1&n..
Topoľčany DistrictTopoľčany District (okres Topoľčany) is a district in the Nitra Region of western Slovakia. Until 1918, the district formed part of the Hungarian county of Nitra. Municipalities ArdanovceBelinceBiskupováBlesovceBojnáČeľadinceČermanyDvorany nad NitrouHajná Nová VesHorné ChlebanyHorn..
TopolnitsaThe Topolnitsa (Тополница) is a river in southern Bulgaria, an important tributary of the Maritsa. It takes its source from Sredna Gora close to Koprivshtitsa. Its average discharge is 55 m³/s and it is 95 km long. The Topolnitsa flows into the Maritsa near Pazardzhik after making a large..
Topolnitsa (dam lake)The dam of the Topolnitsa dam-lake is the biggest one in the Balkan peninsula. Categories: Balkans | Lakes ..
TopolobampoThis article is about the Mexican city. For the Chicago restaurant, see Rick Bayless. Topolobampo is a port on the Gulf of California in Sinaloa, Mexico. The port connects the northern Mexican states through the Chihuahua-Pacific Railroad, which has a terminus in nearby Los Mochis. It is the east..
TopologiTopologilinux is a free Linux distribution to be run on top or inside your existing windows system. The main thing with Topologilinux is that it does not require any partitioning at all. (uses a single file as linux root system) Topologilinux is therefore very easy to install. Home Page[link&#..
Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and ReferencingTIGER redirects here. For other uses see Tiger (disambiguation). An example of a map generated using TIGER/Line data using the Global Mapper application. Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, or TIGER, or TIGER/Line is a format used by the United States Census Bureau ..
Topological abelian groupIn mathematics, a topological abelian group, or TAG, is a topological group that is also an abelian group. That is, a TAG is both a group and a topological space, the group operations are continuous, and the group's binary operation is commutative. The theory of topological groups applies also to T..
Topological algebraIn mathematics, a topological algebra A is a topological vector space with a continuous multiplication [\cdot :A\times A \longrightarrow A, (a,b)\longmapsto a\cdot b]. The term was coined by David van Dantzig; it appears in the title of his doctoral dissertation (1931). ..
Topological Boolean algebraIn abstract algebra and mathematical logic, topological Boolean algebra is one of the many names that have been used for an interior algebra in the literature. In topological algebra — the study of topological spaces with algebraic structure, a topological Boolean algebra is a Boolean algebra endo..
Topological conjugationIn mathematics, two functions are said to be topologically conjugate to one another if there exists a homeomorphism that will conjugate the one into the other. Topological conjugacy is important in the study of iterated functions and more generally dynamical systems, since, if the dynamics of one it..
Topological defectIn mathematics and physics, a topological soliton or a topological defect is a solution of a system of partial differential equations or of a quantum field theory that can be proven to exist because the boundary conditions entail the existence of homotopically distinct solutions. Typically, this occ..
Topological divisor of zeroIn mathematics, in a topological algebraA, [z\in A] is a topological divisor of zero if there exists a neighbourhood U of zero and a net [(x_i)_] with [ \forall i\in I, x_i \in A\setminus U] and [zx_i \longrightarrow O\in A.] If the topological algebra is..
Topological entropyIn mathematics, in the area of ergodic theory, the topological entropy provides a way of defining the entropy in an iterated function map. In essence, the topological entropy counts the number of distinguishable orbits that an iterated map may have. Definition Let [(X,d)] be a compact met..
Topological graph theoryIn mathematics topological graph theory is a branch of graph theory. It studies the embedding of graphs in surfaces. Embedding a graph in a surface means we want to draw the graph on a surface, a sphere for example, without two edges intersecting. A basic embedding problem often presented as a mat..
Topological groupIn mathematics, a topological group G is a group that is also a topological space such that the group multiplication G × G → G and the inverse operation G → G are continuous maps. Here, G × G is viewed as a topological space by using the product topology. Although we do not do ..
Topological half-exact functorTopological half-exact functor F is a functor from a fixed topological category (for example CW complexes or pointed spaces) to an abelian category (most frequently in applications, category of abelian groups or category of modules over a fixed ring) that has a following property: for each sequence ..
Topological K-theoryIn mathematics, topological K-theory is a branch of algebraic topology. It was founded to study vector bundles on general topological spaces, by means of ideas now recognised as (general) K-theory that were introduced by Alexander Grothendieck. The early work on topological K-theory is due to Michae..
Topological manifoldA manifold is a topological space which is locally homeomorphic to Euclidean space. Manifolds provide a setting for other structures important in many fields of mathematics, so they are often referred to as topological manifolds when being studied in their own right, rather than in the presence of..
Topological mapIn cartography and geology, a topological map refers to a map that has been simplified so that only vital information remains and unnecessary detail has been removed. These maps lack scale, and distance and direction are subject to change and variation, but the relationship between points is mai..
Topological moduleIn mathematics, a topological module is a module over a topological ring such that scalar multiplication and addition are continuous. See also Topological vector space ..
Topological orderIn physics, topological order is a new kind of order (a new kind of organization of particles) in a quantum state that is beyond the Landau symmetry-breaking description. It cannot be described by local order parameters and long range correlations. However, topological orders can be described by ..
Topological propertyIn topology and related areas of mathematics a topological property or topological invariant is a property of a topological space which is invariant under homeomorphisms. That is, a property of spaces is a topological property if whenever a space X possesses that property every space homeomorphic to..
Topological quantum computerA topological quantum computer is a theoretical quantum computer that uses quasiparticles called anyons where their world lines form threads that cross over one another to form braids in a two-dimensional world. These braids form the logic gates that make up the computer. The advantage of a quantu..
Topological quantum field theoryA topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory which computes topological invariants. Contents 1 Overview2 Specific Models2.1 Schwarz-type TQFTs2.2 Witten-type TQFTs3 Mathematical formulations3.1 Atiyah-Segal axi..
Topological quantum numberThis does not cite its [[Opentopia:Citing sources|references or sources]]. You can [[Opentopia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check|help]] Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. In physics, a topological quantum number is any quantity, in a physical theory, that takes on only one of a dis..
Topological ringIn mathematics, a topological ring is a ring R which is also a topological space such that both the addition and the multiplication are continuous as maps R × R → R, where R × R carries the product topology. Contents 1 Examples2 Completion3 Topological fields4&n..
Topological skeletonIn digital image processing, Skeletonizing (or Topological skeletons or Medial Axis Transform) is a method to detect regions and objects in digital images. It often uses distance transforms to detect the skeletons of images. External links [Skeletonization/Medial Axis Transform][Top..
Topological sortingIn graph theory, a topological sort of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a linear ordering of its nodes which is compatible with the partial order R induced on the nodes where x comes before y (xRy) if there's a directed path from x to y in the DAG. An equivalent definition is that each node comes b..
Topological spaceTopological spaces are structures that allow one to formalize concepts such as convergence, connectedness and continuity. They appear in virtually every branch of modern mathematics and are a central unifying notion. The branch of mathematics that studies topological spaces in their own right is c..
Topological string theoryIn theoretical physics, topological string theory is a simplified version of string theory. The operators in topological string theory represent the algebra of operators in the full string theory that preserve a certain amount of supersymmetry. Topological string theory may be obtained by a topologi..
Topological tensor productIn mathematics, there are usually many different ways to construct a topological tensor product of two topological vector spaces. For Hilbert spaces or nuclear spaces there is a simple well-behaved theory of tensor products, but for general Banach spaces or locally convex topological vector space th..
Topological vector spaceIn mathematics a topological vector space is one of the basic structures investigated in functional analysis. As the name suggests the space blends a topological structure (a uniform structure to be precise) with the algebraic concept of a vector space. The elements of topological vector spaces are..
TopologikaTopologika is a British publisher of educational software. It was founded in 1983. Many of its early products were interactive fiction adventure games taken on after Acornsoft decided to leave the adventure game business. Topologika has itself now ceased publishing interactive fiction other than as..
Topologist's sine curveIn the branch of mathematics known as topology, the topologist's sine curve is a topological space with several interesting properties that make it an important textbook example. Contents 1 Definition2 Image of the curve3 Properties4 Variations5 References Definition The..
TopologyFor other senses of this word, see topology (disambiguation). Topology (Greek topos, place and logos, study) is a branch of mathematics concerned with spatial properties preserved under bicontinuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing); these are the topological invariants. When th..
Topology (disambiguation)Topology is a branch of mathematics concerned with spatial properties preserved under bicontinuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing); these are the topological invariants. Topology may also refer to: Topology, the collection of open sets used to define a topological spaceTopology (..
Topology (journal)For other uses of "", see {{{1. Topology is a mathematical journal publishing scholarly articles related to topology and geometry. It is published by Elsevier and was founded by J.H.C. Whitehead. ..
Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding routing protocolTopology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding routing protocol is a Link-state routing protocol for wireless mesh networks. The obvious design for a wireless link-state protocol (such as OLSR) transmits large amounts of routing data, and this limits the utility of a link-state protocol when t..
Topology glossaryThis is a glossary of some terms used in the branch of mathematics known as topology. Although there is no absolute distinction between different areas of topology, the focus here is on general topology. The following definitions are also fundamental to algebraic topology, differential topology and ..
Topology tableA topology table is used by routers that route traffic in a network. It consists of all routing tables inside the autonomous system where the router is positioned. Each router using the routing protocol EIGRP then maintains a topology table for each configured network protocol — all routes learned..
Topolog RiverTopolog is a river in Dobruja, Romania. It rises near the commune of Topolog, in the Casimcea Plateau of Tulcea County forming the Topolog Depression, which divides the Plateau in two parts: the Casimcea Plateau proper (to the east) and the Hârşova Plateau (to the west). Initially, it flows from n..
TopoloveniTopoloveni is a town in Argeş County, Romania on the Cârcinov river. History The oldest document in which Topoloveni is mentioned is dated 19 June 1421 during the rule of Radu II Chelul. Population 1810: 911956: 3,9042002: 10,627 ..
TopolovgradTopolovgrad (Тополовград, "town of poplars") is a town in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Haskovo Province. It is situated at the northern foot of the Sakar Mountain. The town carried the Turkish name Kakaklii (from Turkish kavak, "poplar") during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria and until..
Topol familySurname Topol is well known because of long literature history. I would like to write here about three of them – father and his two sons. Topol Josef (born 1 April 1935) - Czech playwright Topol Jáchym (born 4 August 1962) - Czech writer and poet Topol Filip (born 12 June 1965) - Czech musi..
ToponymyToponymy is the taxonomic study of toponyms (place-names), their origins and their meanings. The word is derived from the Greek τόπος topos, place, and oνομα ōnoma, name. It is itself a branch of onomastics, the study of names of all kinds. A toponym is a name of a locality, region, or..
TopophiliaTopophilia is described in Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language as literally love of place. It is a term used to describe the strong sense of place or identity among certain peoples. It combines the Greek word topo- or top-, meaning place, with the ending -philia, meaning..
TopopolisA topopolis is a tube-like space habitat, rotating to produce gravity on the inner surface, which is extended into a loop around local star. Topopoli can be looped several times around the local star, in a geometric figure known as a torus knot. The concept was invented by Pat Gunkel and mentione..
ToporTopor can refer to: Topór Coat of ArmsTopor, Bengali wedding headgearRoland Topor This is a [disambiguationdisambiguation] page: a list of articles associated with the same title. If an referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article..
Topor (headgear)A topor is a type of conical headgear traditionally worn by grooms as part of the Bengali Hindu wedding ceremony. The topor is typically fragile, and white in colour. ..
Topór Coat of ArmsTopór Battle cry: Starza Details Alternative names Bipenna, Bipennis, Starza, Starża, Wścieklica Earliest mention one of the earliest Polish Coats of Arms, late 13th century Towns Leszno, Rymanów Families 377 names altogether: Abakiewicz, Aleksandrowski, Bachmiński, ..
ToposFor discussion of topoi in literary theory, see literary topos. For discussion of topoi in rhetorical invention, see Inventio. In mathematics, a topos (plural "topoi" or "toposes") is a type of category that behaves like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space. For a discussion of t..