1250
Encyclopedia : 1 : 12 : 125 : 1250
| Years: 1247 1248 1249 - 1250 - 1251 1252 1253 | |
| Decades: 1220s 1230s 1240s - 1250s - 1260s 1270s 1280s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| - | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
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Events
Europe
- April 30 - King Louis IX of France released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta.
- October 12 - A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alter other coastal geography as well (see Romney Marsh).
- December 13 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dies, beginning a 23-year-long interregnum known as the great interregnum. Frederick II is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the Habsburgs.
- The Lombard League dissolves upon the death of its member states' nemesis, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- King Afonso III of Portugal captures the Algarve from the Moors, thus completing the expulsion of the Moors from Portugal.
- Valdemar I of Sweden, first Swedish king of the Folkung house, becomes King of Sweden
- Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic. He also first uses the word oriole to describe a type of bird (most likely the golden oriole of Great Britain).
- University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.
- The Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy is converted from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden structure.
- Vincent of Beauvais completes his proto-encyclopedic work, The Greater Mirror.
- The Parlement law courts of ancien régime France are established.
- A plague breaks out in the city Naples (In what is now Italy), called the Naple's Plague
Asia
- A kuriltai is called by Batu Khan in Siberia as part of maneuverings to eventually elect Möngke Khan as khan of the Mongol empire in 1251.
Africa
- July 3 - Louis IX of France is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army at the Battle of Fariskur while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade; he later has to ransom himself.
- The Bahri dynasty of Mamluks seize power in Egypt.
- The Walayta state is founded in present-day Ethiopia (see Rulers of Walayta)
Births
- Pietro d'Abano, Italian physician, philosopher and astrologer (died 1316)
- Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet (died 1300)
- Dmitri of Pereslavl, Grand-duke of Vladimir-Suzdal (d. 1294)
- Pierre Dubois, French publicist (approximate date; died c. 1312)
- Moses de Leon, compiler of the Zohar (approximate date; died 1305)
- Giovanni Pisano, Italian sculptor (approximate date; died 1314)
Deaths
- February 2 - King Eric XI of Sweden
- February 8 - Robert I of Artois, French crusader (killed in battle) (born 1216)
- February 8 - William II Longespee, English crusader
- June 18 - Teresa of Portugal
- August 9 - King Eric IV of Denmark (born 1216)
- October 4 - Herman VI, Margrave of Baden
- December 13 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1194)
- Leonardo of Pisa, Italian mathematician
- Matej Ninoslav, Croatian ban
Eras and population estimates
The world population in 1250 is estimated at between 400 and 416 million individuals.Being a round number, the year 1250 is used to demarcate the beginning or ending of various eras or epochs. These include:
- Judaism's acknowledged center of Jewish thought and learning:
- *End of the Geonim era in Babylonia (from 650)
- *Beginning of the Rishonim era (until 1550)
- Medieval music - end of the Notre Dame school of polyphony
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