1583
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| Years: 1580 1581 1582 - 1583 - 1584 1585 1586 | |
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1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
- July - Spanish admiral Santa Cruz defeats the Portuguese, French, and English off Terceira.
- August 5 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in what is now the city of St John's, Newfoundland, claims the island of Newfoundland on behalf of England.
- August 19 - Petru Cercel enters Bucharest, and becomes Prince of Wallachia.
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi commences construction of Osaka Castle in Japan.
- King James VI of Scotland signs a charter creating the Tounis College - what is now the University of Edinburgh. For some unknown reason, the charter was dated a year earlier, as 1582.
- First documented battle of India's independence against an European colonial ruler was fought by the Desais of Cuncolim in Goa against the Portuguese.
- World's oldest, intact, still-surviving amusement park, Dyrehavsbakken was found.
Births
- January 8 - Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (died 1643)
- March 3 - Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (died 1648)
- April 10 - Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (died 1645)
- June 16 - Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (died 1654)
- June 20 - Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
- September 24 - Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
- November 24 - Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
- December 17 - Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (killed in battle) (d. 1642)
- December 25 - Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
- Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (died 1644)
- John Beaumont, English poet (died 1627)
- Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (died 1652)
- September - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (died 1643)
- Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (died 1646)
- Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (died 1636)
- Stanislaw Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (died 1649)
- Philip Massinger, English dramatist (died 1640)
- Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (died 1663)
- George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, English soldier (died 1663)
- John Pym, English politician (died 1643)
- Aurelian Townsend, English poet (died 1643)
- Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)
Deaths
- January 12 - Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva, Spanish general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands (born 1508)
- January 18 - Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (b. 1622)
- February 18 - Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian author (born 1503)
- March 18 - King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
- June 6 - Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese military commander (born 1556)
- June 6 - Shibata Katsutoyo, Japanese military commander (born 1556)
- June 9 - Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1525)
- July 1 - Sakuma Morimasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
- July 6 - Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1519)
- November 11 - Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel
- November 24 - René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506)
- December 31 - Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (born 1524)
- Fadrique Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva, Spanish army commander (born 1537)
- Catherine Jagellonica of Poland, queen of John II of Sweden (born 1526)
- Lucas David, Prussian historian (born 1503)
- Ivan Fedorov, Russian printer
- Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer
- Shibata Katsuie, Japanese military commander
- Andrey Kurbsky, Russian writer (born 1528)
- Oda Nobutaka, Japanese samurai
- Zacharius Ursinus, German theologian (born 1534)
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