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| Years: 1609 1610 1611 - 1612 - 1613 1614 1615 | ||||||||||
| Decades: 1580s 1590s 1600s - 1610s - 1620s 1630s 1640s | ||||||||||
| Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century
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Events
- January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
- Antonius Magirus's Koock-boeck ofte Familieren kevken-boeck is published.
- 4 November - Popular uprising in Moscow expels Polish troops.
- Trial of the Pendle Witches in Pendle, Lancashire is held.
- November 30 - Forces of the British East India Company and Portugal engage in the Battle of Swally off the coast of India, which the British win.
- December 28 - Galileo Galilei was the first astronomer to observe the planet Neptune when it was in conjunction with Jupiter, yet he mistakenly catalogued it as a fixed star because of its extremely slow motion along the ecliptic. Neptune was not truly discovered until 1846, about 234 years after Galileo first sighted it with his telescope.
Births
- January 17 - Thomas Fairfax, English Civil War general (d. 1671)
- February 22 - George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol, English statesman (d. 1677)
- February 28 - John Pearson, English theologian (d. 1686)
- June 16 - Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1640)
- June 23 - André Tacquet, Belgian mathematician (d. 1660)
- June 25 - John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop (d. 1634)
- August 28 - Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch scholar (d. 1653)
- November 17 - Dorgon, Manchu prince (d. 1650)
- December 4 - Samuel Butler, English satirist (d. 1680)
- December 12 - Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1670)
- Antoine Arnauld, French theologian (d. 1694)
- Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, French colonial missionary and first governor of Montréal (d. 1676)
- James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, Scottish soldier (d. 1650)
Deaths
- January 20 - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1552)
- February 12 - Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1538)
- April 11 - Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian (b. 1535)
- April 11 - Edward Wightman, English Baptist preacher (burned at the stake) (b. 1566)
- May 24 - Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English statesman and spymaster (b. 1563)
- June 8 - Hans Leo Hassler, German composer (b. 1562)
- July 29 - Jacques Bongars, French scholar and diplomat (b. 1554)
- August 4 - Hugh Broughton, English scholar (b. 1549)
- August 12 - Giovanni Gabrieli, Italian composer
- September 9 - Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese warlord (b. 1570)
- September 12 - Tsar Vasili IV of Russia (b. 1552)
- October 7 - Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet (b. 1538)
- November 6 - Henry, Prince of Wales (b. 1594)
- November 12 - John Harington, English writer (b. 1561)
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