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| Years: 1640 1641 1642 - 1643 - 1644 1645 1646 | ||||||||||
| Decades: 1610s 1620s 1630s - 1640s - 1650s 1660s 1670s | ||||||||||
| Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century
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Events
- January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga
- February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands.
- March 13 - First Battle of Middlewich in the English Civil War. During this battle the Roundheads routed the Cavaliers at Middlewich in Cheshire, England.
- May 14 - Louis XIV (of France) succeeds Louis XIII
- May 19 - Battle of Rocroi: French victory over the Spanish at Rocroi, France.
- June 30 - Cavaliers, (supports Charles I in the English Civil War) win the Battle of Adwalton Moor and gain control of Yorkshire.
- July 13 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
- An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn inaugurated as the last king of Connacht
- Austro-Bavarian army defeats French at Duttlingen.
- End of the reign of Empress Meisho of Japan
- Emperor Go-Komyo ascends to the throne of Japan
- Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer
- New England Confederation is formed
- Battle of Tüttlingen fought
- Baden-Baden pillaged by the French
- John Colgan published the first two volumes of the Acta Sanctorum
- Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve places the first cross atop Mount Royal
- Åmål is granted its city charter
- Miyamoto Musashi dictates The Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho) to his student, completing it in 1654 just before his death
- Claudio Monteverdi's opera l'Incoronazione di Poppea is first performed.
- Hong Taiji, Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of the Manchu dies and is succeeded by his five year-old son, the later Shunzhi Emperor of China.
- Roger Williams, a co-founder of Rhode Island, publishes A Key Into the Language of America
Ongoing events
Births
- January 4 (N.S.) - Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist (d. 1727)
- February 16 - John Sharp, English Archbishop of Yorkshire (d. 1714)
- February 25 - Ahmed II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1695)
- March 25 - Louis Moréri, French encylopedist (d. 1680)
- April 3 - Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, general of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1690)
- May 7 - Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native Mayor of New York (d. 1700)
- August 12 - King Afonso VI of Portugal (d. 1683)
- September 18 - Gilbert Burnet, Scottish Bishop of Salisbury (d. 1715)
- October 14 - Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1712)
- November 1 - John Strype, English historian and biographer (d. 1737)
- November 22 - René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687)
Deaths
- February 25 - Marco da Gagliano, Italian composer (b. 1582)
- March 1 - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
- April 4 - Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (b. 1583)
- April 20 - Christoph Demantius, German composer (b. 1567)
- May 14 - King Louis XIII of France (b. 1601)
- July 25 - Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English statesman (b. 1584)
- August 20 - Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (b. 1591)
- September 15 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (b. 1566)
- September 20 - Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English politician and writer
- September 27 - Solomon Stoddard, American minister
- November 3 - John Bainbridge, English astronomer (b. 1583)
- November 3 - Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (b. 1577)
- November 16 - Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant, Marshal of France (b. 1602)
- November 29 - William Cartwright, English dramatist (b. 1611)
- November 29 - Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (b. 1567)
- December 8 - John Pym, English statesman (b. 1583)
- Giovanni Baglione, Italian painter and historian of art (b. 1566)
- Herman Wrangel, Swedish soldier and politician
- Emperor Hong Taiji of China (b. 1592)
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