1769
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1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).
Contents
Events
- James Watt demonstrates the first practical steam engine, an invention which inaugurated the Industrial Revolution in England
- Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen exhibits the "Mechanical Turk", a chess-playing machine
- Famine in Bengal kills 10 million people, a third of the population, in the worst natural disaster in human history (in terms of lives lost).
- The Maharajah of Mysore forces the British to agree a treaty of mutual assistance in view of the famine, but the British East India Company increases its demands on the Bengali people to keep profits up.
- David Garrick holds the first Shakespeare Festival at Stratford-upon-Avon.
- Richard Arkwright invents the spinning frame.
- The city of Brescia, Italy is devastated when the Church of San Nazaro, near Venice, is struck by lightning. The resulting fire ignites 200,000 lb (90,000 kg) of gunpowder being stored there, causing a massive explosion which destroys one sixth of the city and kills 3,000 people. The disaster prompts the Roman Catholic Church to abandon their religious objection to using lightning rods to protect their property.
January
February
March
April
- April 13 - James Cook arrives in Tahiti on the ship HM Bark Endeavour, preparing to observe the solar eclipse of the planet Venus, which took place on June 3rd. After the voyage, the data was found to be inaccurate in determining the distance between the Sun and Earth.
May
- May 14 - Charles III of Spain sends Spanish missionaries, who found California missions in San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Francisco and Monterey and begin the settlement of California.
June
- June 4 - A transit of Venus is followed five hours later by a total solar eclipse, the shortest such interval in the historical past.
- June 7 - Frontiersman Daniel Boone first began to explore the present-day Bluegrass State, Kentucky.
July
August
September
- September 10: Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774: Russian forces take the Ottoman fortress of Chocim in Bukovina.
October
November
December
Ongoing events
- Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774
- War of the Regulation (1764-1771)
- Captain James Cook's first voyage (1768-1771)
Births
- January 10 - Michel Ney, French marshal (d. 1815)
- March 1 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796)
- March 10 - Joseph Williamson, philanthropist and builder of the Williamson's tunnels (d. 1840)
- March 23 - William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (d. 1839)
- March 29 - Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French marshal (d. 1851)
- April 3 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (d. 1835)
- April 11 - Jean Lannes, French marshal (d. 1809)
- April 13 - Thomas Lawrence, English painter (d. 1830)
- May 1 - Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1852)
- May 6 - Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1824)
- June 18 - Viscount Castlereagh, British statesman, diplomat, and soldier (d. 1822)
- August 15 - Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France (d. 1821)
- September 14 - Karl Salomo Zachariae Von Lingenthal, German jurist (d. 1843)
- October 6 - Isaac Brock, British general and administrator (d. 1812)
- December 13 - James Scarlett Abinger, English judge (d. 1844)
- James Dadford, English canal engineer
Deaths
- February 2 - Pope Clement XIII (b. 1693)
- April 20 - Chief Pontiac, Ottawa chief (murdered)
- June 1 - Edward Holyoke, American President of Harvard University (b. 1689)
- August 2 - Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician (b. 1689)
- August 29 - Edmond Hoyle, English game expert (b. 1672)
- November 23 - Constantine Mavrocordatos, Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia (b. 1711)
- December 13 - Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet (b. 1715)
- December 30 - Nicholas Taaffe, 6th Viscount Taaffe, Austrian soldier (b. 1685)
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