1814
Encyclopedia : 1 : 18 : 181 : 1814
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1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
Contents
Events
January
- January 14 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel.
- January 29 - French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne.
- January 31 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
February
- February - Congress of Chatillon - see George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen.
- February 1 - Mayon Volcano, in the Philippines, erupts, killing around 1,200 people; most devastating eruption of Mayon Volcano.
- February 11 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.
- February 14 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Vauchamps.
- February 18 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Montereau.
- February 21 - Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814.
March
- March 7 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne.
- March 9 - the USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington, North Carolina, returning from the Caribbean.
- March 10 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.
- March 27 - War of 1812: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
- March 30 - Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris.
- March 31 - Anti-Napoleonic troops occupy Paris.
April
- April 4 or April 6 - Emperor Napoleon abdicates.
- April 10 - the Duke of Wellington wins the Battle of Toulouse.
- April 12 - Royal Norwegian Navy re-established.
May
- May 3 - Duke of Provence, future Louis XVIII of France returns to Paris.
- May 5 - British-American War (War of 1812): The British attack Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York.
- May 17 - The Constitution of Norway is signed and the Danish Crown Prince Christian Frederik is elected King of Norway by the Constitutional assembly.
- May 17 - Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands.
- May 30 - The First Treaty of Paris is signed returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day.
July
- July 5 - War of 1812: Battle of Chippewa - American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario.
- July 24 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
- July 25 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
August
- August 12 - In England, on 12th August 1814, the last hanging under the Black Act - William Potter for cutting down an orchard - even the judge petitioned for reprieve.
- August 13 - signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.
- August 24 - War of 1812: British troops burn Washington, DC, The Burning of Washington.
- August 28 - Alexandria, Virginia offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight.
September-December
- September 11 - USS Ticonderoga is victorious in the Battle of Lake Champlain.
- September 14 - Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner.
- November 28 - London The Times newspaper becomes the first to be printed on a steam-powered press.
- December 24 - peace treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 between United States and Britain.
Unknown dates
- Missionaries attempt to write down the Maori language.
- George Stephenson designs his first locomotive Blutcher.
- John Abernethy appointed lecturer in anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons.
- John Keats leaves apprenticeship to become a student at a local hospital.
- Sir Walter Scott writes Waverley.
- Guyana transferred from Netherlands to Britain; it is renamed "British Guiana".
- In England, on 12th August 1814, the last hanging under the Black Act - William Potter for cutting down an orchard - even the judge petitioned for reprieve.
Ongoing events
Births
- January 27 - Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (b. 1879)
- February 18 - Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician and temperance activist (d. 1900)
- March 9 - Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, nationalist, and founder of the Ukrainian language (d. 1861)
- April 3 - Lorenzo Snow, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)
- April 21 - Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, English philanthropist (d. 1906)
- May 30 - Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)
- August 8 - Esther Morris, American suffragist and judge (d. 1902)
- August 10 - Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. 1890)
- August 13 - Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)
- August 28 - Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873)
- September 2 - Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (d. 1896)
- September 8 - Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (d. 1874)
- October 4 - Jean-François Millet, French painter (d. 1875)
- October 15 - Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d. 1841)
- November 6 - Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker and inventor (d. 1894)
- Táhirih, Persian Bahá'í heroine
Deaths
- January 27 - Philip Astley, English circus promoter (b. 1742)
- March 28 - Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French inventor (b. 1838)
- April 12 - Charles Burney, English music historian (b. 1726)
- May 29 - Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (b. 1763)
- July 12 - William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, British general
- July 19 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b. 1774)
- August 21 - Benjamin Thompson, American physicist and inventor (b. 1753)
- August 31 - Arthur Phillip, British admiral and first governor of New South Wales (b. 1738)
- September 8 - Marie Caroline of Austria, queen of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and de facto ruler (b. 1752)
- October 19 - Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright (b. 1728)
- November 23 - Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States of America (b. 1744)
- December 2 - Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade, French writer (b. 1740)
- December 13 - Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, Austrian field marshal (b. 1735)
Other
- 1814 was what inspired the name of Janet Jackson's 2nd hit album, Rhythm Nation 1814. It was the year women could get an education beyond the 8th grade level.
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