1869
Encyclopedia : 1 : 18 : 186 : 1869
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1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar.
Contents
Events
January—June
- January 20 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress.
- February 20 - Ranavalona II, Merina Queen of Madagascar is baptized.
- March 1 - North German Confederation issues 10gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin
- March 4 - Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as President of the United States of America.
- April 8 - The American Museum of Natural History opens in New York.
- May - Naval Battle of Hakodate in Japan.
- May 6 - Purdue University founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
- May 10 - Transcontinental Railroad completed at Promontory, Utah.
- May 15 - Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman's Suffrage Association.
- May 26 - Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
- May 29 - British parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill ending public hanging
- June 15 - John Wesley Hyatt patents the first plastic, Celluloid, in Albany, New York.
July—December
- July 4 - University of Bucharest is founded.
- August 4/August 12 - The self-proclaimed, "Emperor Norton I of the United States" abolished both the Democratic and Republican parties.
- August 9 - August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht founded the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP)
- August 20 - Abergele Train Disaster - Irish Mail passenger train collides with cargo trucks loaded with paraffin - 33 dead; First major train disaster in Britain
- August 31 - Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate
- September 11 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument
- October 16 - England's first residential college for women, Girton College, is founded.
- November 4 - The first issue of scientific journal Nature is published.
- November 6 - The first intercollegiate American football game is played. Rutgers defeats Princeton, 6 to 4.
- November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
- November 23 - In Dumbarton, Scotland the clipper ship Cutty Sark is launched (it was one of the last clipper ships to be built, and the only one surviving to the present day).
- December 10 - First American chapter of Kappa Sigma founded at the University of Virginia.
- December 31 - Triple Alliance forces take Asunción
Unknown dates
- Basutoland becomes British protectorate
- British parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment
- Venancio Flores murdered in Montevideo
- Fire burns down about 75% of Hancock, Michigan
- Mahbub Ali Pasha begins a 42 year reign as Nizam of Hyderabad
- James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald, asks Henry Morton Stanley to go and find Dr Livingstone, despite him not being lost or in difficulty.
- The Meiji Emperor of Japan accepts the surrender of the four most powerful clans (Choshu, Tosa, Hizen and Satsuma) and reappoints the clan chiefs as Provincial Governors, on reduced revenues.
- Invention of barbed wire, see ranching.
- H. J. Heinz Company established.
- Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
- "Michigan relics" appear
- Goldman Sachs and Co. was founded
Births
- January 1 - Sigma Nu, First Anti-Hazing Honor/Social Fraternity
- January 4 - Tommy Corcoran, baseball player (d. 1960)
- January 10 - Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)
- January 15 - Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)
- February 11 - Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)
- February 14 - Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
- March 3 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
- March 14 - Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)
- March 18 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
- March 21 - Florenz Ziegfeld, theatrical producer (d. 1932)
- April 2 - Hughie Jennings, baseball player (d. 1928)
- April 4 - Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)
- April 8 - Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)
- April 11 - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
- May 5 - Hans Pfitzner, German composer (d. 1949)
- May 20 - John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)
- June 17 - Flora Finch, English-born comedienne (d. 1940)
- June 27 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)
- August 10 - Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)
- September 3 - Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
- September 17 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
- September 23 - Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)
- October 2 - Mohandas Gandhi, founder of the modern Indian state and proponent of nonviolence (d. 1948)
- October 25 - John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)
- November 10 - Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader (d. 1927)
- November 11 - Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1947)
- November 22 - André Gide, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
- November 25 - Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta (d. 1949)
- November 30 - Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)
- December 16 - Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary, leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace
- December 30 - Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)
- December 31 - Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)
Deaths
- January 1 - Martin W. Bates, U.S. Senator from Delaware (b. 1786)
- January 30 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
- March 8 - Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
- March 24 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
- April 20 - Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
- June 16 - Charles Sturt, Australian explorer (b. 1795)
- June 20 - Hijikata Toshizou, 2nd commander of the Shinsengumi (b. 1835)
- October 13 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
- December 18 - Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)
Fiction
- December 24 - The events of the Doctor Who episode The Unquiet Dead occur.
External links
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