1898
Encyclopedia : 1 : 18 : 189 : 1898
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1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Contents
Events
January
- January 1 - New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island.
- January 13 - Emile Zola's J'accuse exposes the Dreyfus affair.
February
- February 7 - Emile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'Accuse
- February 12 - Henry Lindfield, dies in England. Lindfield was the first fatality from an automobile accident.
- February 15 - Spanish-American War: The USS Maine explodes and sinks in Havana Harbor, Cuba for then unknown reasons killing more than 260. This event helped lead the United States to declare war on Spain.
- February 23 - Emile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing "J'accuse" which was a letter accusing the French government of anti-Semitism and wrongfully placing Alfred Dreyfus in jail.
March
- March 24 - Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania becomes the first person to buy an American-built automobile when he buys a Winton automobile that was advertised in Scientific American.
- March 26 - The Sabi Game Reserve in South Africa, the first officially designated game reserve
April
- April 22 - Spanish-American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.
- April 25 - Spanish-American War: The United States declares war on Spain; the U.S. Congress announces that a state of war has existed since April 21 (later backdating one more day to April 20).
May
- May 2 - Association of thousands of Chinese scholars and Beijing citizens in front of the Capital Control Yuan asking for reform.
- May 7 - General Bava-Beccaris killed 80 demonstrators in Milan, Italy shooting on a rally; King of Italy Umberto I will be killed two years after to avenge this shooting.
- May 8 - The first games of the Italian Football League are played.
June
- June 1 - The Trans-Mississippi Exposition World's Fair opens in Omaha, Nebraska.
- June 12 - Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines' independence from Spain.
- June 13 - Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
- June 17 - The Navy Hospital Corps is established.
July
- July 3 - Joshua Slocum completes a 3-year solo circumnavigation
- July 7 - The United States annexes the Hawaiian Islands.
- July 17 - Spanish-American War: Battle of Santiago Bay - Troops under United States General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish.
- July 25 - Spanish-American War: The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with a landing at Guánica Bay.
August
- August 12- Spanish-American War: Hostilities end between American and Spanish forces in Cuba.
- August 28- Caleb Bradham names his soft drink Pepsi-Cola.
September
- September 2 - Battle of Omdurman - British and Egyptian troops led by Horatio Kitchener defeat Sudanese tribesmen led by Khalifa Abdullah al-Taashi, thus establishing British dominance in the Sudan.
- September 10 - Luigi Lucheni assassinates Empress Elizabeth of Austria-Hungary
- September 21 - Empress Dowager Cixi of China engineered a coup d'etat and it marks the end of Hundred Days' Reform. Guangxu Emperor was arrested.
October
- October 1 - The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
- October 6 - First meeting and founding of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity, then called the Sinfonia Club, at the New England Conservatory in Boston.
December
- December 10 - The Treaty of Peace ending the Spanish-American War is signed in Paris.
- December 26 ? Marie and Pierre Curie discover radium
- Fashoda incident -- diplomatic dispute between France and the United Kingdom.
- John Henry Patterson kills the man-eating lions of Tsavo which were delaying the building of the Uganda Railway as described in the book "The Man-Eaters of Tsavo"
- Exploits of Louis de Rougemont begin to appear in the Wide World Magazine
- North Petherton becomes the first town in England to install Acetylene lighting.
- John Jacob Abel isolates epinephrine (adrenaline).
- William Ramsay and Morris Travers discover neon
Births
January to March
- January 16 - Margaret Booth, American film editor (d. 2002)
- January 21 - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (d. 1930)
- January 23 - Sergei Eisenstein, Russian film director (d. 1948)
- January 23 - Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (d. 1948)
- February 1 - Leila Denmark, US-American pediatrician
- February 3 - Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976)
- February 10 - Bertolt Brecht, German writer (d. 1956)
- February 14 - Fritz Zwicky, Swiss physicist and astronomer (d. 1974)
- February 15 - Allen Woodring, American runner (d. 1982)
- February 18 - Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver and automobile manufacturer (d. 1988)
- February 18 - Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician (d. 1980)
- February 24 - Kurt Tank, German aeronautical engineer (d. 1983)
- February 28 - Hugh O'Flaherty, Irish Catholic priest (d. 1963)
- March 11 - Dorothy Gish, American actress (d. 1968)
April to June
- April 1 - William James Sidis, American mathematician (d. 1944)
- April 3 - George Jessel, American comedian (d. 1981)
- April 4 - Agnes Ayres, American actress (d. 1940)
- April 6 - Jeanne Hébuterne, French painter (d. 1920)
- April 26 - Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)
- April 26 - John Grierson, Scottish documentary filmmaker (d. 1972)
- May 3 - Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1978)
- May 5 - Elsie Eaves, American civil engineer, George Norlin Silver Medal from the University of Colorado (d. 1983)
- May 15 - Arletty, French model and actress (d. 1992)
- May 17 - Alfred Joseph Casson, Canadian painter (d. 1992)
- May 21 - Armand Hammer, American entrepreneur and art collector (d. 1990)
- May 23 - Scott O'Dell, American author (d. 1989)
- May 31 - Dr. Norman Vincent Peale, American clergyman (d. 1993)
- June 4 - Harry Crosby, American publisher and poet (d. 1929)
- June 5 - Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet (d. 1936)
- June 6 - Ninette de Valois, Irish dancer and founder of The Royal Ballet, London (d. 2001)
- June 17 - M. C. Escher, Dutch artist (d. 1972)
- June 22 - Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (d. 1970)
July to September
- July 2 - Gen Paul, French artist (d. 1975)
- July 3 - Donald Healey, English motor engineer and race car driver (d. 1988)
- July 6 - Hanns Eisler, German composer (d. 1962)
- July 17 - Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991)
- July 22 - Stephen Vincent Benet, American writer (d. 1943)
- July 22 - Alexander Calder, American artist (d. 1976)
- July 29 - Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
- July 30 - Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)
- August 26 - Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (d. 1979)
- August 29 - Preston Sturges, American director and writer (d. 1959)
- September 13 - Roger Désormière, French conductor (d. 1963)
- September 22 - Katherine Alexander, American actress (d. 1981)
- September 24 - Howard Walter Florey, Australian-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1968)
- September 25 - Robert Brackman, American artist (d. 1980)
- September 26 - George Gershwin, American composer (d. 1937)
- September 30 - Renée Adorée, French actress (d. 1933)
- September 30 - Princess Charlotte of Monaco (d. 1977)
October to December
- October 10 - Lilly Daché, French milliner (d. 1989)
- October 10 - Marie Pierre Koenig, French general and politician (d. 1970)
- October 15 - Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian athlete (d. 1959)
- November 8 - Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (d. 1937)
- November 12 - Leon Štukelj, Slovene gymnast, Olympic gold medalist and athlete (d. 1999)
- November 17 - Maurice Journeau, composer (d. 1999)
- November 18 - Joris Ivens, Dutch director (d. 1989)
- November 19 - Arthur R. von Hippel, German-born physicist (d. 2003)
- November 21 - René Magritte, Belgian artist (d. 1967)
- November 26 - Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
- November 29 - C. S. Lewis, British author (d. 1963)
- November 30 - Firpo Marberry, baseball pitcher (d. 1976)
- December 2 - Indra Lal Roy, Indian World War I pilot (d. 1918)
- December 19 - Zheng Zhenduo, Chinese author and translator (d. 1958)
- December 20 - Irene Dunne, American actress (d. 1990)
- December 24 - Baby Dodds, American jazz musician (d. 1959)
Unknown dates
- Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, King of Malaysia (d. 1960)
- Edward Elric, European Alchemist (d. Unknown)
Deaths
- January 14 - Lewis Carroll, British writer, mathematician (b. 1832)
- January 18 - Henry George Lidell, Dean of Christ Church, Oxford (b. 1811)
- March 1 - George Bruce Malleson, Indian officer and author (b. 1825)
- March 15 - Henry Bessemer, British engineer and inventor (b. 1813)
- March 16 - Aubrey Beardsley, British artist (b. 1872)
- March 18 - Matilda Joslyn Gage, American feminist (b. 1826)
- March 27 - Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, ("The Morning Star") founded the Aligarh University in Awadh, India (b. 1817)
- April 15 - Kepa Te Rangihiwinui, Maori military leader
- April 18 - Gustave Moreau, French painter (b. 1826)
- May 19 - William Ewart Gladstone, British prime minister {b. 1809)
- July 1 - Siegfried Marcus, Austrian automobile pioneer (b. 1831)
- July 30 - Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (b. 1815)
- August 8 - Eugène Boudin, French painter (b. 1824)
- September 2 - Wilford Woodruff, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1807)
- September 9 - Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (b. 1842)
- September 20 - Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819)
- September 28 - Tan Sitong, Chinese revolutionary (executed) (b. 1865)
- October 24 - Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (b. 1824)
- November 2 - George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (b. 1826)
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