1900
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1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday.
Contents
Events
January
- January 1 - Nigeria becomes a British Protectorate
- January 2 - The first Electric bus becomes operational in New York City
- January 2 - John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.
- January 2 - Chicago Canal opens.
- January 3 - British Royal Yacht, Victoria and Albert capsizes as it leaves port
- January 4 - Strikes in Belgium and Germany lead to mining riots
- January 5 - Irish leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against British rule.
- January 5 - Dr Henry A. Rowland of John Hopkins University discovers the cause of the Earth's magnetism
- January 6 - It is reported that millions are starving in India.
- January 6 - Boers attack Ladysmith - over 1000 people were killed.
- January 8 - United States President William McKinley places Alaska under military rule.
- January 9 - The First through train runs from Cairo to Khartoum
- January 9 - Influenza strikes London
- January 10 - Lord Roberts become Army chief in the Boer War
- January 12 - In India, three and a quarter million people are receiving famine relief.
- January 13 - Kaiser of Germany declares that German is the command language in the German army
- January 14 - Premier presentation of opera Tosca in Rome - actors have received death threats and nameless letters.
- January 15 - The Hippodrome theatre opens in the Charing Cross Roads in London
- January 16 - The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounced its claims to the Samoan islands.
- January 17 - Brigham H. Roberts is refused a seat in the House of Representatives because of his Polygamy
- January 23 - 5000 Austrian miners go on strike
- January 24 - Battle of Spion Kop in Second Boer War.
- January 24 - The governments in London and Pretoria begin negotiations to end the Second Boer War.
- January 27 - Boxer Rebellion: Foreign diplomats in Peking China demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
- January 29 - The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with 8 founding teams.
- January 30 - United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.
February
- February 2 - First performance of Gustave Charpentier's opera, Louise
- February 3 - Gubernatorial candidate William Goebel is assassinated in Frankfort, Kentucky. Former Secretary of State Caleb Powers was later found guilty in a conspiracy to kill Goebel.
- February 3 - Strikers in Aachen, Vienna and Brussels demand an 8 hour working day and higher wages.
- February 5 - Britain and the USA sign a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal through Nicaragua
- February 6 - The House of Commons vote of censure over the Britain's handling of the Second Boer War is defeated by a majority of 213
- February 6 - The international arbitration court at The Hague is created when the Netherlands' Senate ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.
- February 8 - British troops are defeated by Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
- February 9 - Dwight Davis creates the Davis Cup tennis tournament
- February 9 - Richard Wigginton Thompson, U.S. congressman, dies.
- February 11 - Second Boer War: Colonel Hannay begins invasion of Orange Free State with march from Orange River to Ramdam
- February 12 - Meeting held in Mile End, London to protest against the Second Boer War ends in uproar
- February 14 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
- February 14 - Second Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
- February 16 - Appearance of "Savrola (A Tale of Revolution in Laurania)", the first novel of Winston Spencer Churchill
- February 17 - Battle of Paardeberg in the Second Boer War.
- February 18 - Harry Vardon becomes world golf champion
- February 18 - A man claims that X-rays have cured his cancer.
- February 19 - Alfred von Tirpitz says the German fleet "must be strong enough to ensure its mastery of the North Sea
- February 22 - Hawaii officially becomes a territory of the United States.
- February 23 - Second Boer War: Battle of Hart's Hill - In South Africa the Boers and British troops battle.
- February 26 - The Grand Theatre, Islington is destroyed by fire.
- February 27 - The British Labour Party is formed.
- February 27 - Boer War: In South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronje.
- February 27 - Ramsay MacDonald appointed secretary of newly formed British Labour Party.
March
- March 2 - Pope condemns Boer War
- March 3 - Mining strike ends in Germany.
- March 5 - Two US cruisers are sent to Central America to protect US interests in a dispute between Nicaragua and Costa Rica
- March 6 - 'Baby-farmer' Ada Williams is hanged at Newgate priosn for murdering a 19-month old girl
- March 6 - A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
- March 7 - Fire at Buckingham Palace destroys part of the roof.
- March 8 - Rejoicing in London as Queen Victoria makes one of her rare visits.
- March 9 - Women in Germany demand right to participate in university entrance exams
- March 11 - Second Boer War: Boer leader Paul Kruger's peace overtures are rejected by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lord Salisbury.
- March 13 - Second Boer War: British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.
- March 13 - In France, length of a workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours by law.
- March 14 - Botanist Hugo de Vries rediscovers Mendel's laws of heredity
- March 14 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified placing United States currency on the gold standard.
- March 15 - Prime Minister Lord Salisbury of the United Kingdom rejects US President McKinley's offer to mediate in the Boer War
- March 16 - Sir Arthur Evans purchases the land on which the ruins of Knossos on Crete reside, for further excavation.
- March 19 - In London, public subscription for new Government Boer War loan is £335m - 11 times the amount asked.
- March 24 - New York City Mayor Van Wyck breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that would link Manhattan and Brooklyn.
- March 27 - Arrival of a Russian fleet in Korea causes concern to Japanese government
April
- April 1 - Every French policeman is assigned to carry a gun.
- April 1 - Irish Guards formed by Queen Victoria
- April 1 - King George of Greece becomes absolute monarch of Crete
- April 4 - Anarchist shoots at the Prince of Wales during his visit to Belgium in the birthday celebrations of the king of Belgium.
- April 14 - Paris World Exhibition opens.
- April 22 - French forces defeat and kill Rabih az-Zubayr in the battle of Kousséri, thus guaranteeing French domination of Chad.
May
- May 1 - Explosion of blasting powder in coal mine in Scofield, Utah kills 200
- May 2 - Oscar II, King of Sweden, declares support for Britain at the time of the Second Boer War.
- May 17 - Second Boer War: British troops relieve Mafeking
- May 17 - Boxers destroy three villages near Peking and kill 60 Chinese Christians
- May 18 - Boer delegation travels to USA to ask for assistance
- May 18 - The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.
- May 21 - Russia invades Manchuria
- May 23 - Sergeant William Harvey Carney becomes the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor (awarded for heroism in the Battle of Fort Wagner during the American Civil War).
- May 24 - Second Boer War: British annex Orange Free State as Orange River Colony.
- May 25 - Boer soldiers vote for the continuance of the war
- May 28 - Boxers attack Belgian personnel in the Fengtai railway station
- May 29 - Chinese government condemns Boxers
- May 30 - Boxers occupy Tientsin
- May 31 - Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China
- May 31 - British under Lord Robert occupy Johannesburg
June
- June 1 - Carrie Nation demolishes 25 saloons in Medicine Lodge
- June 5 - Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria, South Africa.
- June 14 - The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.
- June 14 - Hawaii officially becomes a U.S. territory.
- June 20 - The Boxers gather about 20,000 people near Peking and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
- June 30 - Piers of North German Lloyd Steamship line burned in Hoboken, New Jersey - 326 dead
July
- July 2 - First zeppelin flight on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany
- July 5 - Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act passes British Parliament
- July 9 - Queen Victoria gives royal assent to Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act
- July 13 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers
- July 19 - The first line of the Métro is inaugurated in Paris.
- July 29 - In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
- July 30 - The Duke of Albany becomes Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Carl Eduard following the death of his uncle, Duke Alfred
August
- August 14 - An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the Europeans taken hostage.
- August 27 - British defeat Boer commandos at Bergendal
September
- September 8 - Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people.
- September 13 - Philippine-American War: Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa.
- September 17 - Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac.
October
- October - The Norwegian inventor Johann Vaaler demands a patent for his invention, the paperclip.
November
- November 3 - the first automobile show in the United States opened at New York's Madison Square Garden under the auspices of the Automobile Club of America.
- November 3 - Panama's separation from Colombia.
- November 6 - U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley is reelected by defeating Democrat challenger William Jennings Bryan.
December
- December 18 - The Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook Narrow-gauge (2 ft 6 in or 762 mm) Railway (now the Puffing Billy Railway) in Victoria, Australia opened for traffic.
Births
January
- January 1 - Mildred Davis, American actress (d. 1969)
- January 2 - William Haines, American actor (d. 1973)
- January 5 - Yves Tanguy, French painter (d. 1955)
- January 15 - Aristotle Onassis, Greek businessman (d. 1975)
- January 25 - Theodosius Dobzhansky, Geneticist, evolutionary biologist (d. 1975)
- January 23 - William Ifor Jones, Welsh Conductor & Organist (d. 1988)
- January 26 - Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (d. 1967)
- January 27 - Hyman Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)
- January 30 - Martita Hunt, actress (d. 1969)
February
- February 4 - Jacques Prévert, French lyricist and author (d. 1977)
- February 5 - Adlai Stevenson, American politician (d. 1965)
- February 11 - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (d. 2002)
- February 12 - Roger J. Traynor, American judge (d. 1983)
- February 19 - Giorgos Seferis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- February 22 - Luis Buñuel, Spanish film director (d. 1983)
- February 28 - Wolfram Hirth, German pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1959)
March
- March 4 - Herbert Biberman, Jewish American screenwriter and film director (d. 1971)
- March 9 - Howard Aiken, American computing pioneer (d. 1973)
- March 19 - Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1958)
- March 23 - Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist and philosopher (d. 1980)
- March 29 - John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
- March 31 - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974)
April
- April 2 - Roberto Arlt, Argentine writer (d. 1942)
- April 5 - Spencer Tracy, American actor (d. 1967)
- April 25 - Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- April 26 - Charles Richter, American geophysicist and inventor (d. 1985)
- April 27 – August Koern, Estonian statesman and diplomat (d. 1989)
- April 30 - Cecily Lefort, English World War II heroine (executed) (d. 1945)
May
- May 1 - Ignazio Silone, Italian author (d. 1978)
- May 12 - Helene Weigel, Austrian actress (d. 1971)
- May 15 - Zheng Ji, Chinese nutritionist and biochemist
- May 17 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of Iraq during 1979 hostage situation.
- May 28 - Tommy Ladnier, American jazz trumpeter (heart attack) (d. 1939)
June
- June 3 - Rolland Fisher, American temperance movement leader (d. 1982)
- June 5 - Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- June 15 - Paul Mares, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1949)
- June 29 - Antoine de Saint-Exupery, French pilot and writer (d. 1944)
July
- July 6 - Frederica Sagor Maas, American playwright, essayist and author
- July 13 - George Lewis, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1969)
- July 29 - Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
August
- August 3 - Ernie Pyle, American journalist (d. 1945)
- August 4 - Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen of King George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 2002)
- August 6 - Cecil H. Green, British-born geophysicist and businessman (d. 2003)
- August 10 - Arthur Espie Porritt, New Zealand politician and athlete (d. 1994)
- August 11 - Philip Phillips, American archaeologist (d. 1994)
- August 15 - Jan Brzechwa, Polish poet (d. 1966)
- August 18 - Glenn Albert Black, American archaeologist (d. 1964)
- August 19 - Colleen Moore, American actress (d. 1988)
- August 22 - Sergei Ozhegov, Russian lexicographer (d. 1964)
- August 25 - Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1981)
- August 26 - Hellmuth Walter, German engineer and inventor (d. 1980)
September
- September 3 - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (d. 1986)
- September 6 - W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (d. 1979)
- September 22 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985)
- September 23 - Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-born American sculptor (d. 1988)
October
- October 1 - Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
- October 6 - Stan Nichols, English cricketer (d. 1961)
- October 7 - Heinrich Himmler, Nazi official and leader of the SS (d. 1945)
- October 30 - Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1991)
November
- November 5 - Martin Dies, Jr., American politician (d. 1972)
- November 5 - Natalie Schafer, American actress (d. 1991)
- November 8 - Charlie Paddock, American athlete (d. 1943)
- November 8 - Margaret Mitchell, American writer (d. 1949)
- November 11 - Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (d. 1989)
- November 13 - David Marshall Williams American inventor (d. 1975)
- November 14 - Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
December
- December 3 - Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountain guide (d. 2004)
- December 3 - Richard Kuhn, Austrian Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate (d. 1967)
- December 4 - John Axon GC, British railwayman (d. 1957)
- December 12 - Sammy Davis, Sr., American dancer (d. 1988)
Deaths
- January 20 - John Ruskin, English writer and social critic (b. 1819)
- January 31 - John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish nobleman and boxer (b. 1844)
- March 6 - Gottlieb Daimler, German inventor and automotive pioneer (b. 1834)
- April 5 - Joseph Louis François Bertrand, French mathematician (b. 1822)
- April 19 - James Dawson, Aboriginal Guardian (b. 1806)
- April 24 - George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, British politician (b.1823)
- April 30 - Casey Jones, American railway engineer (b. 1864)
- May 18 - Jean Gaspard Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, French philosopher (b. 1813)
- June 3 - Mary Kingsley, English explorer and writer (b. 1862)
- June 5 - Stephen Crane, American author (b. 1871)
- June 11 - Belle Boyd, American Confederate spy and actress (b.1843)
- July 29 - Umberto I, King of Italy (assassinated) (b. 1844)
- July 30 - Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
- August 10 - Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, Lord Chief Justice of England (b.1832)
- August 12 - Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian-born chess player (b. 1836)
- August 16 - José Maria Eça de Queiroz, Portuguese writer (b. 1845)
- August 25 - Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher and writer (b. 1844)
- August 25 - Kuroda Kiyotaka, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840)
- September 23 - William Marsh Rice, American philanthropist and university founder (murdered) (b. 1816)
- September 29 - Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician (b. 1814)
- October 15 - Zdeněk Fibich, Czech composer (b. 1850)
- October 22 - John Sherman, American politician (b.1823)
- November 22 - Sir Arthur Sullivan. English composer (b. 1842)
- November 30 - Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854)
Month/day unknown
- Henry D. Cogswell, American philanthropist (b. 1820)
Notes
- 1900 is not a leap year even though the number is divisible by 4. It is one of the dropped leap years of the Gregorian Calendar.
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