1915
Encyclopedia : 1 : 19 : 191 : 1915
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1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).
Contents
Events
- January 12 - The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress.
- January 12 - United States House of Representatives rejects proposal to give women the right to vote.
- January 13 – An earthquake (6.8 in Richter scale) in Avezzano, Italy - 32.610 dead
- January 19 - George Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
- January 19 - German zeppelins bomb the cities of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in the United Kingdom for the first time, killing more than 20.
- January 21 - Kiwanis International is founded in Detroit, Michigan.
- January 27 - Chinese president Yuan Shikai declares himself Emperor
- January 28 - An act of the U.S. Congress creates the United States Coast Guard.
- January 31 - World War I: Germany uses poison gas against Russians.
- February 8 - The controversial film The Birth of a Nation by D.W. Griffith premieres (Los Angeles, California).
- February 12 - In Washington, DC the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
- March 3 - NACA, the predecessor of NASA, is founded.
- March 14 - World War I: Off the coast of Chile, the Royal Navy sinks the German battleship SMS Dresden.
- March 14 - Britain, France and Russia agree to give Constantinople and the Bosporus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik revolution)
- March 18 - World War I: British attack on the Dardanelles fails.
- March 19 - Pluto is photographed for the first time but was not recognized as a planet.
- March 25 - US submarine F-4 sinks off Hawaii - 21 dead
- March 28 - The first Roman Catholic Liturgy is celebrated by Archbishop John Ireland at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
- April 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa's attack against Alvaro Obregon's troops in Celaya. Charge of Villa's troops is no match against Obregon's barbed wire and machine guns
- April 22 - World War I: Second Battle of Ypres - German troops introduce poison gas at Ypres, Belgium.
- April 24 - The Ottoman Empire arrests hundreds of Armenian intellectuals, executing most. Armenians mark this as the start of the Armenian Genocide and commemorate the anniversary.
- April 25 - The Anzac tradition begins during World War I with a landing at Gallipoli on the Turkish coast.
- April 30 - Australian submarine AE2 sunk in Sea of Marmara.
- May 3 - John McCrae writes In Flanders Fields
- May 7 - World War I: The RMS Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat killing 1,198.
- May 9 - World War I: Second Battle of Artois - German and French forces fight.
- May 17 - The last purely Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends when Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith forms an all party coalition.
- May 22 - Quintinshill railway disaster, Scotland, UK. 200 killed.
- May 23 - World War I: Italy joins the Allies after they declare war on Austria-Hungary.
- June 3 - Troops of Obregon and Villa clash at León. Obregon loses his right arm in grenade attack but Villa is decisively defeated
- June 9 - U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the RMS Lusitania sinking.
- June 16 - Foundation of the British Women's Institute
- July 7 - An extremely overloaded Great Gorge and International Railway trolley with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario resulting in 15 casualties.
- July 24 - The steamer Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, Illinois, with the loss of 845 lives.
- July 28 - United States occupation of Haiti begins
- August 5 – 23 - Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans – 275 dead
- August 6 - World War I: Battle of Sari Bair begins - The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
- August 16 - The Entente promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over Austro-Hungary and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy; Bosnia and Herzegovina; and eastern 2/3 of Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to Bar).
- August 17 - Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in Atlanta, Georgia.
- September 6 - The first prototype tank is tested for the British Army for the first time.
- September 7 - Former cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.
- October 12 - World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
- October 19 - US recognizes Mexican government of Victoriano Carranza de facto (not de jure until 1917)
- October 27 - William Morris Hughes becomes 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
- November 14 - Vision allegedly encountered by various military personnel in Europe at 22:30 hours, as recounted on the television series One Step Beyond.
- November 25 - The theory of general relativity is formulated.
- December 26 - Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage a rising on Easter Sunday 1916.
Unknown dates
- Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of Pangea.
- Emory College is rechartered as Emory University, and plans to move its main campus from Oxford, Georgia to Atlanta.
- Triangle Film Corporation was founded in the summer of this year
- U.S. recognizes government of President Venustiano Carranza of Mexico.
- Lord Beaverbrook buys the London Daily Express.
- Automobile speed record of 102.6 m.p.h. set at Sheepshead Bay, N.Y.. by Gil Anderson driving a Stutz.
- The first stop sign appears in Detroit, Michigan.
- Female suffrage in Denmark and Iceland
- Henri Désiré Landru begins his serial kills
- Typhoid Mary isolated
Ongoing events
Disputed Events
- Assyrian Genocide (1914-1922)
- Armenian Genocide (1915-1918)
Births
January
- January 5 - Arthur H. Robinson, American geographer and cartographer (d. 2004)
- January 14 - Mark Goodson, American television game show producer (d. 1992)
- January 20 - Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan
- January 23 - Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- January 24 - Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
- January 30 - Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (d. 1976)
- January 30 - John Profumo, British cabinet minister (d. 2006)
- January 31 - Alan Lomax, American folklorist and musicologist (d. 2002)
- January 31 - Thomas Merton, American monk and author (d. 1968)
February
- February 1 - Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
- February 1 - Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
- February 2 - Khushwant Singh, Indian writer
- February 4 - Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor
- February 5 - Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- February 16 - Jim O'Hora, American college football coach, (d. 2005)
- February 28 - Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
March
- March 4 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
- March 9 - John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English WW2 pilot (d. 2001)
- March 10 - Harry Bertoia, Italian artist and designer (d. 1978)
- March 11 - Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
- March 14 - Alexander Brott, Canadian conductor and composer (d. 2005)
- March 20 - Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian born Soviet pianist (d. 1997)
- March 23 - Vasily Zaitsev, Soviet sniper, World War II hero (d. 1991)
- March 30 - Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer in Argentina (d. 1977)
- March 31 - Albert Hourani, English Middle Eastern historian (d. 1993)
April
- April 4 - Muddy Waters, American blues musician (d. 1983)
- April 7 - Billie Holiday, American jazz and blues singer (d. 1959)
- April 21 - Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001)
May
- May 1 - Krystyna Skarbek, Polish-born heroine of World War II (d. 1952)
- May 1 - Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993)
- May 2 - Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
- May 5 - Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
- May 6 - Orson Welles, American film director (d. 1985)
- May 10 - Denis Thatcher, husband of Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003)
- May 12 - Frère Roger (Brother Roger) founder and prior of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
- May 15 - Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- May 20 - Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
- May 26 - Sam Edwards, American actor (d. 2004)
- May 29 - Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990)
June
- June 1 - John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
- June 10 - Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- June 15 - Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- June 17 - Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
- June 20 - Paul Castellano, American Gangster (d. 1985)
- June 24 - Sir Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
July
- July 7 - Yul Brenner, Russian born American actor (d. 1985)
- July 28 - Charles Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 28 - Frankie Yankovic, American accordian player (d. 1998)
August
- August 3 - Pete Newell, Canadian born American college basketball coach
- August 19 - Ring Lardner Jr., American movie screenwriter (d. 2000)
- August 22 - Hugh Paddick, British actor (d. 2000)
- August 27 - Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- August 29 - Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
September
- September 12 - Frank McGee, reporter for NBC News and Today Show co-host (d. 1974)
- September 15 - Ethel Rosenberg, wife of Julius Rosenberg (d. 1953)
- September 23 - Julius Baker, American flutist for the New York Philharmonic (d. 2003)
- September 23 - Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
- September 30 - Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
October
- October 9 - Clifford M. Hardin, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
- October 13 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
- October 17 - Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
- October 24 - Bob Kane, American comic book creator (d. 1998)
- October 24 - Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (d. 1984)
- October 29 - William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
November
- November 9 - André François, French cartoonist (d. 2005)
- November 9 - Sargent Shriver, American politician
- November 11 - William Proxmire, U.S. Senator (d. 2005)
- November 12 - Roland Barthes, French philosopher and literary critic (d. 1980)
- November 14 - Martha Tilton, British actress
- November 19 - Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- November 25 - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile
- November 28 - Evald Okas, Estonian painter
- November 30 - Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
- November 30 - Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
December
- December 7 - Eli Wallach, American actor
- December 8 - Ernest Lehman American screenwriter (d. 2005)
- December 9 - Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German soprano
- December 12 - Frank Sinatra, American entertainer (d. 1998)
- December 19 - Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
- December 27 - Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer
Deaths
- January 15 - Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
- February 5 - Ross Barnes, baseball player (b. 1850)
- March 4 - William Willett, English inventor of Daylight Saving Time (b. 1856)
- March 31 - Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (b. 1882)
- April 16 - Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
- April 23 - Rupert Brooke, English poet (b. 1887)
- July 2 - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (b. 1830)
- July 16 - Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of Seventh-Day Adventism (b. 1827)
- August 20 - Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
- August 26 - John Bunny American silent film comedian (b. 1863)
- September 9 - Albert Spalding, baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
- September 13 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
- October 12 - Charles Sorley, British poet (b. 1895)
- October 30 - Charles Tupper, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
- November 15 - Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
- November 28 - Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1896)
Nobel prizes
- Chemistry - Richard Willstätter
- Literature - Romain Rolland
- Medicine - not awarded
- Peace - not awarded
- Physics - William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
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