1937

Encyclopedia : 1 : 19 : 193 : 1937

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1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar).

Contents

Events

January

January 1 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua
January 11 - The first issue of LOOK magazine goes on sale in the United States.
January 19 - Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.
January 23 - In Moscow, 17 leading Communists go on trial accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime and assassinate its leaders.
January 31 - Ohio River floods
January 31 - 31 people executed in the Soviet Union for "Trotskyism"

February

February 5 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a plan to enlarge the Supreme Court of the United States.
February 8 - Falangist troops take Málaga
February 11 - A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognises the United Automobile Workers Union
February 16 - Wallace H. Carothers receives a patent for nylon.
February 19 - During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Eritrean nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades. The Italian security guard fire into the crowd of Ethiopian onlookers, and over the passing weeks indiscriminately slaughter native Ethiopians in reprisal.
February 21 - Initial flight of the first successful flying car, Waldo Waterman's Arrowbile; the League of Nations Non-Intervention Committee ban on foreign national "volunteers" in the Spanish Civil War.

March-April

March - The first issue of the comic book Detective Comics is published in the United States. Twenty-seven issues later, Detective Comics would introduce Batman. The comic would go on to become the longest continually-published comic magazine in American history; it is still published as of 2006.
March 10 - The Encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge of pope Pius XI is published in Nazi Germany
March 17 - Atherton Report released. Private investigator Edwin Atherton's report detailing vice and police corruption in San Francisco.
March 18 - In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the New London School in New London, Texas suffers a catastrophic natural gas explosion, killing in excess of three hundred students and teachers.
March 26 - In Crystal City, Texas spinach growers erect a statue of the cartoon character Popeye.
March 26 - William Henry Hastie becomes the first African-American appointed to federal judgeship.
April 1 - Aden becomes a British crown colony.
April 9 - The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London - it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
April 17 - Release of the animated short Porky's Duck Hunt, directed by Tex Avery for the Merrie Melodies series, featuring the debut of Daffy Duck.
April 26 - Spanish Civil War: Guernica, Spain is bombed by German Luftwaffe.
April 26 - In his report of the Falangist attack on Guernica, British journalist George Steer reports that he had found German bomb casing; that means that Luftwaffe planes were connected with the attack

May

May 1 - General strike in Paris, France
May 6 - In United States, the German airship Hindenburg bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey.
May 7 - Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion Fighter Group, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.
May 12 - Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth takes place at Westminster Abbey, London.
May 21 - As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of Italian viceroy Rodolfo Graziani, a detachment of Italian troops massacre the entire community of Debre Libanos. 297 monks and 23 laymen are killed.
May 27 - In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County. The next day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt pushes a button in Washington, DC signaling the start of vehicle traffic over the Golden Gate Bridge.
May 28 - Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.
May - Dáil Éireann passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which retrospectively abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State. The abolition is retrospectively dated to December 1936.

May *Dominion Road School Opens in *New Zealand

June-August

June 8 - First total solar eclipse to exceed 7 minutes of totality in over 800 years; visible in the Pacific and Peru.
June 14 - Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
June 21 - Coalition government of Léon Blum resigns in France.
June/July - Dáil Éireann debates and passes the draft new constitution of Éire, to be called Bunreacht na hÉireann. The new constitution is then submitted for public approval by plebiscite.
July 1 - Gestapo arrests priest Martin Niemöller.
July 1 - In a referendum the people of the Irish Free State accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945.
July 2 - Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappear over New Guinea during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world.
July 5 - Highest recorded temperature in Canada, at Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan: 45°C.
July 7 - Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge - Japanese forces invade China.Often seen as the beginning of World War II in Asia
July 21 - Eamon de Valera elected president of Eire
July 22 - New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
July 24 - Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro Boys."
July 28 - IRA attempts bombing assassination against King George VI in Belfast.
August 6 - Falangist artillery bombards Madrid.

September-November

September 5 - Spanish Civil War: The fall of Llanes.
September 16 - birth of Keith Bosley, broadcaster (retired), poet and translator.
September 21 - George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the first edition of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit.
September 25 - Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Pingxingguan.
September 27 - last Bali tiger died.
October 1 - Marijuana Tax Act in USA.
October 3 - Japanese troops advance toward Nanking.
October 5 - Roosevelt "Quarantine the Aggressors" speech at Chicago
October 21 - The whole Spanish northern seaboard in the Falangists' hands.
October 21 - Roberto Ortiz elected president of Argentina.
October 27 - Spanish Civil War - Republican forces in Gijon, Spain, set fire to petrol reserves before they retreat before the advancing Falangists.
November 5 Spanish Civil War - Massacre of Republican supporters in Piedrafita de Babia, near León. Possibly 35,000 executed.
November 5 - World War II: In the Reich Chancellery, Adolf Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people.
November 9 - Japanese troops take Shanghai.

December

December 3 - The Dandy, the world's longest running comic, was first published.
December 12 - Panay incident
December 12 - Mae West's risque performance on the NBC Chase & Sanborn Hour results in her being banned from radio.
December 13 - Battle of Nanjing ends and the Nanjing Massacre begins. Japanese troops would slaughter over 250,000 civilians and prisoners over three months.
December 21 - Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first feature-length animated cartoon, opens and becomes a smash hit.
December 25 - Arturo Toscanini conducts the NBC Symphony Orchestra on radio for the first time, beginning his successful 17-year tenure with that orchestra. Millions tune in to listen, including U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
December 29 - New Irish Constitution, Bunreacht na hÉireann comes into force. The Irish Free State becomes Éire. Eamon de Valera becomes the first Taoiseach (prime minister) of the new state. A Presidential Commission (made up the Irish Chief Justice, the Speaker of Dáil Éireann and the President of the High Court) assumes the powers of the new presidency of Ireland pending the election of the first president in June 1938.
December - The Marijuana Tax Act is signed, ending the US hemp industry just as it was about to benefit from a mechanised brake and compete with cotton and wood pulp.

Unknown dates

Japan invades Manchuria. (Some consider this the start of World War II. Most historians disagree).
New Irish constitution bans divorce.
First science fiction convention in Leeds, United Kingdom.
Italy joins Anticomintern Pact.
The National House Builders Registration Council (now the NHBC) was formed in the United Kingdom.
Donald Goines (1937 - 1973)
Jimmie Angel lands his plane on top of Devil's Mountain however the plane gets damaged and he has to trek through the rainforest for help.

Ongoing events

Births

January

January 1 - Anne Aubrey, British actor
January 4 - Dyan Cannon, American actress
January 6 - Underwood Dudley, American mathematician
January 8 - Shirley Bassey, Welsh singer
January 14 - Ken Higgs, English cricketer
January 15 - Margaret O'Brien, American actress
January 18 - John Hume, Northern Irish politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998
January 27 - John Ogdon, English pianist (d. 1989)
January 30 - Vanessa Redgrave, English actress
January 30 - Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
January 31 - Suzanne Pleshette, American actress
January 31 - Philip Glass, American composer

February

February 1 - Garrett Morris, American comedian
February 1 - Don Everly, American musician
February 2 - Tom Smothers, American musician and comedian
February 2 - Magic Sam, American musician (d. 1969)
February 8 - Manfred Krug, German actor and singer
February 10 - Roberta Flack, American soul singer
February 11 - Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer
February 12 - Charles Dumas, American athlete
February 20 - Robert Huber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
February 20 - Roger Penske, American race car driver
February 20 - Nancy Wilson, American singer and actress
February 21 - King Harald V of Norway
February 25 - Tom Courtenay, English actor

July-August

July 6 - Vladimir Ashkenazy, Russian pianist
July 6 - Ned Beatty, American actor
July 7 - Tung Chee-Hwa, Hong Kong administrator
July 9 - David Hockney, English-born artist
July 12 - Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France
July 12 - Bill Cosby, American actor and comedian
July 14 - Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician
July 18 - Roald Hoffmann, Polish-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
July 29 - Daniel McFadden, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
August 4 - David Bedford, American musician
August 5 - Herb Brooks, American hockey coach (d. 2003)
August 6 - Barbara Windsor, English actress
August 8 - Dustin Hoffman, American actor
August 16 - David Anderson, Canadian politician
August 18 - Robert Redford, American actor
August 18 - Willie Rushton, English comedian and cartoonist (d. 1996)
August 21 - Donald Dewar, First Minister of Scotland (d. 2000)
August 29 - James Florio, Governor of New Jersey

September-November

September 4 - Dawn Fraser, Australian swimmer
September 4 - Mikk Mikiver, Estonian actor, director (d. 2006)
September 15 - Robert Lucas, Jr., American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
September 15 - Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina
September 19 - Abner Haynes, American football player
September 28 - Rod Roddy, American television announcer (d. 2003)
October 2 - Johnnie Cochran, American attorney (d. 2005)
October 5 - Barry Switzer, American football coach
October 10 - Bobby Charlton, English footballer
November 4 - Michael Wilson, Canadian politician and diplomat
November 8 - Paul Mackintosh Foot, British journalist
November 11 - Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat
November 15 - Yaphet Kotto, American actor
November 17 - Peter Cook, English comedian and writer
November 26 - Boris Yegorov, cosmonaut

December

December 1 - Chuck Low, American actor
December 3 - Bobby Allison, American race car driver
December 8 - Arne Næss Jr., Norwegian mountaineer and businessman (d. 2004)
December 9 - Darwin Joston, American actor (d. 1998)
December 17 - Kerry Packer, Australian businessman (d. 2005)
December 21 - Jane Fonda, American actress and social activist
December 26 - Gnassingbe Eyadema, President of Togo (d. 2005)
December 28 - Ratan Tata, Indian industrialist
December 29 - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives
December 30 - John Hartford, American musician and composer (d. 2001)
December 30 - Jim Marshall, American football player
December 30 - Noel Paul Stookey, American singer
December 31 - Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
December 31 - Sir Anthony Hopkins, Welsh actor

Deaths

January-April

January 5 - Marie Booth, the third daughter of William and Catherine Booth (b. 1864)
January 6 - André Besette, Canadian religious leader (b. 1845)
January 23 - Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (b. 1898)
February 5 - Lou Andreas-Salome, Russian-born writer (b. 1861)
February 7 - Elihu Root, American statesman and diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1845)
February 11 - Walter Burley Griffin, American architect and town planner (b. 1876)
March 9 - Paul Elmer More, American critic and essayist (b. 1864)
March 12 - Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (b. 1840)
March 15 - H. P. Lovecraft, American writer (b. 1890)
March 17 - Austen Chamberlain, English statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1863)
March 29 - Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (b. 1882)
April 19 - William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (b. 1856)
April 21 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (b. 1913)
April 25 - Michał Drzymała, Polish rebel (b. 1857)

May-August

May 23 - John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1839)
May 28 - Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (b. 1870)
June 7 - Jean Harlow, American film actress (b. 1911)
June 10 - Robert Laird Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
June 19 - J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and dramatist (b. 1860)
July 9 - Oliver Law, American labor organizer and Army officer (killed in battle) (b. 1899)
July 11 - George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
July 20 - Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor (b. 1874)
July 21 - Louis Vierne, French composer (b. 1870)
August 11 - Edith Wharton, American writer (b. 1862)

September-December

September 2 - Pierre de Coubertin, French founder of the modern Olympic Games (b. 1863)
September 26 - Bessie Smith, American singer (b. 1894)
September 29 - Ray Ewry, American athlete (b. 1873)
October 16 - Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (b. 1899)
October 19 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
October 26 - Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (b. 1867)
November 9 - Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866)
November 17 - Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1860)
November 23 - Jagdish Chandra Bose, Indian Physicist (b. 1858)
November 23 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (b. 1858)
December 9 - Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
December 20 - Erich Ludendorff, German general (b. 1865)
December 21 - Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1856)
December 28 - Maurice Ravel, French composer (b. 1875)

Unknown dates

Charles Donnelly, Northern Irish poet (b. 1914)

Nobel prizes

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