1985

Encyclopedia : 1 : 19 : 198 : 1985

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This article is about the year. For the song by Bowling for Soup, see 1985 (song). For the album by Rufio, see MCMLXXXV.

1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
It was declared International Youth Year by the United Nations.

Contents

Events

January

January 1 - The first British mobile phone call is made (by Ernie Wise to Vodafone).
January 3 - Finnish government announces that a Soviet cruise missile has fallen into Inarinjärvi lake in Finnish Lapland
January 17 - British Telecom announces it is going to phase out its famous red telephone boxes.
January 21 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan is sworn in for a second term in office.
January 23 - A debate in the British House of Lords is televised for the first time.

February

February 1 - AM stereo broadcasting starts in Australia.
February 5 - Australia cancels its involvement in U.S.-led MX missile tests.
February 7 - "New York, New York" becomes the official city anthem of New York City.
February 11 - Pakistani bowler Wasim Akram takes ten wickets in his second Test cricket match, but New Zealand still wins.
February 14 - CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.
February 19 - William Schroeder becomes the first artificial heart patient to leave hospital.
February 26 - US federal grand jury indicts 15 members of New York Mafia for racketeering

March

March 2 - Government of John Cain reelected in Victoria for second consecutive term.
March 4 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States.
March 11 - Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union.
March 11 - Mohammed Al Fayed buys the London-based department store company, Harrods.
March 11 - The Prague Appeal by Jiří Dienstbier, Czech dissident.
March 14 - Five lionesses at the Singapore Zoo are put on birth control because the lion population had increased from two to 16.
March 15 - José Sarney takes oath as acting president of Brazil, because the president-elect Tancredo Neves becomes severely ill.
March 15 - The first .com domain name, symbolics.com, is registered by the Symbolics corporation. However, in this early stage of the rollout of domain names, .edu domains, for educational institutions, still predominate over the commercial .com ones.
March 16 - Associated Press newsman Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut. He would later be released on December 4, 1991.
March 17 - Serial killer Richard Ramirez (the "Night Stalker") commits his first two murders in Los Angeles, California.
March 24 - Norwich City FC win the English League Cup at Wembley Stadium, beating Sunderland 1-0 in the final.

April

April 1 - Villanova University's "perfect upset" of Georgetown University and Patrick Ewing for the NCAA Basketball Championship.
April 1 - Sports Illustrated magazine publishes an article about the non-existent baseball prodigy Sidd Finch.
April 15 - South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages.
April 19 - U.S.S.R performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk U.S.S.R.
April 21 - Tancredo Neves, president-elect of Brazil, dies after 38 days of illness -- one day before he was scheduled to take the oath of office.
April 23 - Coca-Cola company changed its recipe/formula and packaging to New Coke (not successfully)
April 24 - Secular Organizations for Sobriety formed.
April 26 - High Court judge Justice Lionel Murphy is committed to stand trial on charges of attempting to pervert the course of justice.
April 28 - Australian Nuclear Disarmament Party (NDP) splits.

May

The hijackers of TWA Flight 847 in the cockpit of the plane.

May 8 - New Coke is released on the 99th anniversary of Coca-Cola. It will later become a major flop with consumers.
May 11 - The FBI brings charges against suspected heads of the five Mafia families in New York City
May 11 - Fire engulfs a wooden stand in the Valley Parade stadium in Bradford, England during a football match, killing 56.
May 13 - Philadelphia's mayor orders police to storm the radical group's MOVE headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters killing 11 MOVE members and destroying the homes of 61 city residents in the resulting fire and leaving 250 people homeless.
May 15 - Unabomber bomb injures John Hauser at UC Berkeley
May 17- United Airlines Pilots go on strike for 29 days.
May 20 - Radio Marti begins broadcasting to Cuba.
May 23 - Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
May 25 - Bangladesh is hit by a tropical cyclone and storm surge which kills approximately 10,000 people.
May 29 - In the Heysel Stadium disaster at the European Cup final in Brussels, 39 football fans die and hundreds are injured.
May 31 - The US-Canadian Outbreak: 41 tornadoes hit in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario. By its end, 76 perish.

June

June 1 - Battle of the Beanfield, end of Stonehenge Free Festivals.
June 6 - The body of Josef Mengele is located and exhumed in Brazil.
June 9 - Thomas Sutherland is kidnapped in Lebanon (he is not released until 1991).
June 10 - Claus von Bulow is acquitted on charges of trying to kill his wife.
June 13 - In Auburn, Washington, police defuses a Unabomber bomb sent to Boeing
June 14 - TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah.
June 23 - Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, blows up 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard.
June 25 - Irish police foil an Irish Republican Army sponsored 'mainland bombing campaign' which targetted luxury vacationing resorts. Thirteen arrested, and held under the Prevention of Terrorism Act.

July

July 3 - The sci-fi comedy Back To The Future is released in the USA. It becomes the year's biggest box office hit, earning $218,000,000.
July 4 - 13-year-old Ruth Lawrence achieves a first in Mathematics at Oxford University, by becoming the youngest British person ever to earn a first-class degree and the youngest known graduate of Oxford University.
July 10 - The Greenpeace vessel, the Rainbow Warrior, is bombed and sunk in Auckland harbour by French DGSE agents.
July 10 - After a storm of controversy surrounding a change in its cola's formula (see New Coke), Coca-Cola re-introduces the old formula as "Coca-Cola Classic".
July 13 - Live Aid pop concerts in Philadelphia and London raise over £50 million for famine relief in Ethiopia.
July 19 - U.S. Vice President George H. W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle.
July 20 - The main ship wreck site of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha (which sank in 1622) is found 40 miles off the coast of Key West, Florida by treasure hunters who soon begin to raise $400 million in coins and silver.

August

August 2 - Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashes in Dallas, Texas, killing 137 people.
August 6 - In Hiroshima, tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city.
August 7 - Takao Doi, Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan's first astronauts.
August 12 - Japan Airlines Flight 123, a Boeing 747SR-46 plane en route from Tokyo to Osaka, crashed northwest of Tokyo, killing 520 of the 524 people on board.
August 22 - 55 people killed in the Manchester air disaster at Manchester International Airport when a British Airtours Boeing 737 burst into flames after the pilot aborts the takeoff.
August 31 - Richard Ramirez arrested for the "Night Stalker" murders.

September

September 1 - A joint American-French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic.
September 5 - John Howard replaces Andrew Peacock as Australian Federal Opposition Leader.
September 6 - Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9 crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31.
September 15 - U.S. hostage Benjamin Weir released in Lebanon.
September 19 - 8.1 Richter scale earthquake strikes Mexico City. More than 9,000 people are killed, a further 30,000 injured, and 95,000 lose their homes

October

October 1 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
October 6 - PC Keith Blakelock is killed during the Broadwater Farm Riot in Tottenham, London.
October 7 - The cruise ship Achille Lauro is hijacked in the Mediterranean Sea by 4 heavily armed Palestinian terrorists.

November

November 6 - In Colombia, leftist guerrillas of the M-19 movement seize control of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá. By the next day, 115 people are dead, including 11 Supreme Court justices.
November 15 - In separate events, mail bombs kill two people in Salt Lake City, Utah; a third bomb explodes the next day, injuring Mark Hoffman. The ensuing police investigation leads to the arrest of Hoffman for these murders, as well as forgery.
November 16 - When 1,800 staff of Baragwanath hospital in Soweto, South Africa go on strike for better pay, they are dismissed and troops called in to help run the hospital.
November 18 - First Calvin and Hobbes comic strip printed in a handful of newspapers; the strip is not carried in the hometown newspaper of its creator, Bill Watterson.
November 19 - Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
November 19 - Pennzoil wins a $10.53 billion verdict from Texaco in the largest civil verdict in U.S. history (Texaco established a signed contract to buy Getty Oil after Pennzoil entered into an unsigned, yet still binding, buyout contract with Getty).
November 20 - Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0.
November 21 - United States Navy intelligence analyst Jonathan Jay Pollard is arrested for spying (he was caught giving Israel classified information on Arab nations and was eventually sentenced to life in prison).
November 23 - Gunmen hijack EgyptAir Flight 648 while en route from Athens to Cairo. When the plane lands in Malta, Egyptian commandos storm the hijacked jetliner but 60 people die in the raid.
November 25 - Man wearing a chicken suit walks into the Australian House of Representatives and sits on the government front bench. He is later removed
November 26 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs over rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
November 28 - Gerard Hoarau, exiled political leader from the Seychelles, assassinated in London

December

December 1 - Ford Taurus is revealed to the public. It would become one of Ford's biggest successes ever.
December 12 - Arrow Air Flight 1285 DC-8 crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, killing 256, 248 of whom were U.S. servicemen returning from overseeing a peacekeeping force in Sinai.
December 16 - In New York City, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead in front of Spark's Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino organized crime family.
December 27 - Rome and Vienna Airport Attacks - Groups of Abu Nidal members open fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna - 18 dead, 120 injured
December 27 - American naturalist Dian Fossey is found murdered in Rwanda.
December 31 - Last issue of The Columbus Citizen-Journal is distributed.

Environmental and weather change

Asian tiger mosquito, an invasive species is first found in Houston, Texas
November 13 - The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupts in Colombia, killing an estimated 23,000 people.
Ethiopian famine continues - Live Aid attempts to raise funds for famine relief.

Unknown date

Victoria celebrates its 150th anniversary.
Capital gains tax introduced to Australia.
Buckyballs discovered by Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley.
GNU Manifesto first written by Richard Stallman.
Western Sahara is admitted to the Organization of African Unity; Morocco, which claims Western Sahara, leaves in protest.
Solarquest, space age real estate game, first published by Golden.
Free Software Foundation founded.
Norma Phillips Thornworth elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
ATI Technologies is founded.
NeXT is founded by Steve Jobs after he resigned from Apple Computer.

Births

January-May

January 1 - Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer
February 1 - Dean Shiels, Northern Irish footballer
February 5 - Cristiano Ronaldo, Portuguese footballer
February 7 - Clara Bryant, American actress
February 7 - Tina Majorino, American actress
February 9 - Rachel Melvin, American actress
February 10 - Anette Sagen, Norwegian ski jumper
February 11 - William Beckett, American singer
February 18 - Lee Boyd Malvo, American serial killer
February 19 - Haylie Duff, American actress and singer
February 27 - Abe Asami, Japanese singer and actress
February 28 - FeFe Dobson, Canadian singer
March 2 - Reggie Bush, American football player
March 2 - Robert Iler, American actor
March 3 - Sam Morrow, Northern Irish footballer
March 11 - Paul Bissonnette, Canadian hockey player
March 13 - Emile Hirsch, American actor
March 15 - Antti Autti, Finnish snowboarder
March 24 - Haruka Ayase, Japanese actress and model
March 26 - Keira Knightley, English actress
April 16 - Jim Singer, Canadian actor, singer, voice actor, producer & director
April 18 - Łukasz Fabiański, Polish footballer
April 24 - Kaori Nazuka, Japanese seiyu (voice actress)
May 2 - Sarah Hughes, American figure skater

June-December

June 9 - Sebastian Telfair, Portland Trailblazers
June 12 - Tasha-Ray Evin, Canadian singer/guitarist (Lillix)
June 17 - Marcos Baghdatis, Cypriot tennis player
June 26 - Urgyen Trinley Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader
June 27 - Svetlana Kuznetsova, Russian tennis player
June 27- Nico Rosberg, German Formula One driver
June 28 - Phillip Bardsley, English footballer
June 30 - Michael Phelps, American swimmer
July 2 - Ashley Tisdale, American actress
July 12 - Emil Hegle Svendsen, Norwegian biathlete
July 24 - Teagan Presley, American actress
July 25 - James Lafferty, American actor and athlete
September 13 - Jamie Gough, New Zealand (Christchurch) Mayoral Candidate
September 14 - Aya Ueto, Japanese actress
September 17 - Alexander Ovechkin, Russian Hockey Player
October 11 - Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress
October 22 - Zachary Hanson, American musician
October 24 - Wayne Rooney, English footballer
October 25 - Ciara, American singer
November 8 - Jack Osbourne, English actor
November 11 - Robin Uthappa, Indian cricketer
November 18 - Rex Goudie, Canadian singer
November 30 - Kaley Cuoco, American actress
December 3 - Amanda Seyfried, American actress
December 5 - Frankie Muniz, American actor
December 10 - Raven Symone, American actress
December 21 - James Stewart Jr., American motorcycle racer
December 23 - Harry Judd, English drummer

Deaths

January-June

January 4 - Sir Brian Horrocks, British general (b. 1895)
March 10 - Konstantin Chernenko, Soviet politician (b. 1911)
March 12 - Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (b. 1899)
March 28 - Marc Chagall, Russian-born painter (b. 1887)
April 8 - J. Fred Coots, American Songwriter (b. 1897)
April 11 - Enver Hoxha, Albanian dictator (b. 1908)
April 22 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
May 4 - Clarence Wiseman, the 10th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1907)
May 5 - Sir Donald Bailey, British civil engineer (b. 1901)
May 8 - Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (b. 1918)
May 9 - Edmond O'Brien, American actor (b. 1915)
May 10 - Chester Gould, American cartoonist (b. 1900)
May 12 - Jean Dubuffet, French artist (b. 1901)
May 16 - Margaret Hamilton, American actress (b. 1902)
May 17 - Abe Burrows, American songwriter, composer, and writer (b. 1910)
June 11 - Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die cause célèbre (b. 1954)
June 15 - Andy Stanfield, American athlete (b. 1927)
June 12 - Hua Luogeng, Chinese mathematician (b. 1910)

July-August

July 2 - David Purley, British race car driver (b. 1945)
July 9 - Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
July 16 - Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
July 19 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
July 27 - John Scarne, American magician and card expert (b. 1903)
August 6 - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (b. 1923)
August 12
*Manfred Winkelhock, German race car driver (b. 1951)
*Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer, well known by his most famous song, "Sukiyaki", killed in the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 (b. 1941)
August 25 - Samantha Smith, American schoolgirl activist (b. 1972)
August 31 - Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)

September-October

September 6
*Isabel Cox-Meighen, wife of Canadian prime minister Arthur Meighen (b. 1882)
*Little Brother Montgomery, American musician
September 7 - Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1917)
September 8 - John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1887)
September 9 - Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
September 11 - William Alwyn, English composer (b. 1905)
September 19 - Italo Calvino, Italian writer (b. 1923)
October 1 - E.B. White, American writer (b. 1899)
October 2
*Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)
*George Savalas, American actor, brother of Telly Savalas (b. 1926)
October 6 - Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (b. 1921)
October 10
*Yul Brynner, American actor (b. 1915)
*Orson Welles, American film director (b. 1915)
October 12 - Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (b. 1910)
October 22 - Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (b. 1905)
October 31 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (b. 1913)

November-December

November 5 - Spencer W. Kimball, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1895)
November 13 - William Pereira, American architect (b. 1909)
November 24 - Big Joe Turner, American blues singer (b. 1911)
December 7 - Robert Graves, English writer (b. 1895)
December 12
*Anne Baxter, American actress (b. 1923)
*Ian Stewart, Scottish rock musician (b. 1938)
December 23 - Ferhat Abbas, Algerian nationalist (b. 1899)
December 27 - Dian Fossey, American biologist (b. 1932)
December 31 - Ricky Nelson, American singer and actor (b. 1940)

Nobel prizes

Sir Alister Hardy

Theo van Boven, Cary Fowler / Pat Mooney / Rural Advancement Fund International, Lokayan / Rajni Kothari and Duna Kör

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