1993

Encyclopedia : 1 : 19 : 199 : 1993

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1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003).

Contents

Events

January

Bill Clinton inaugurated as President of the United States.

January 1 - The Dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Establishment of independent Slovakia and Czech Republic.
January 3 - In Moscow, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START).
January 5 - Washington State executes Westley Allan Dodd by hanging (the first legal hanging in America since 1965)
January 9 - Jean-Claude Romand kills his family and tries to burn himself with his home in France
January 14 - The Polish ferry Jan Heweliusz sinks off the coast of Rügen in the Baltic Sea, leaving 54 people dead.
January 15 - Salvatore Riina, the Mafia boss known as 'The Beast', is arrested in Sicily after three-decades as a fugitive
January 18 - For the first time, Martin Luther King Jr. holiday is officially observed in all 50 American states.
January 19 - IBM announces a $4.97 billion loss for 1992 which is the largest single-year corporate loss in United States history.
January 19 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM inspectors to use its own aircraft to fly into Iraq, and begins military operations in the demilitarized zone between Iraq and Kuwait, and the northern No-Fly Zone. US forces fire approximately 40 Tomahawk cruise missiles at Baghdad factories linked to Iraq's illegal nuclear weapons program. Iraq then informs UNSCOM that it will be able to resume its flights
January 20 - Bill Clinton succeeds George H. W. Bush as President of the United States of America
January 25 - Catherine Callbeck becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, becoming the first female Premier to be elected in Canada. (Rita Johnston was Canada's first female Premier but was not elected)
January 25 - Mir Aimal Kasi fires a rifle and kills two employees outside CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, USA
January 26 - Václav Havel elected President of the Czech Republic
January 31 - The Buffalo Bills become the first team to lose three consecutive Super Bowls, as they are defeated by the Dallas Cowboys, 52-17, in Super Bowl XXVII.

February

The aftermath of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

February 8 - General Motors sues NBC after Dateline NBC allegedly rigged two crashes showing that some GM pickups can easily catch fire if hit in certain places. NBC settles the lawsuit the following day.
February 11 - Janet Reno is selected by President Clinton as US Attorney General.
February 12 - A pair of 11-year-old boys, Robert Thompson and John Venables kill 2-year-old James Bulger in Liverpool.
February 17 - Ferry in Haiti sinks - Killing aproximatley 1215 people out of 1500 passengers
February 23 - Gary Coleman wins a $1,280,000 lawsuit against his parents.
February 26 - World Trade Center bombing: In New York City, a van bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center goes off, killing 6 and injuring over a thousand.
February 28 - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raid the Branch Davidian church in Waco, Texas with a warrant to arrest the group's leader David Koresh on federal firearms violations. Four agents and five Davidians die in the raid and a 51-day standoff begins.

March

March - First issue of Wired magazine.
March 4 - Authorities announce the capture of suspected World Trade Center bombing conspirator Mohammad Salameh
March 9 - Rodney King testifies at the federal trial of four Los Angeles, California police officers accused of violating King's civil rights when they beat him during an arrest
March 11 - Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn-in the next day becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States
March 12 - Several bombs explode in Bombay, India killing about 300 and injuring hundreds more. See Bombay bombings (1993)
March 12 - North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and refuses to allow inspectors access to nuclear sites
March 13 - The Great Blizzard of 1993 strikes the eastern U.S., bringing record snowfall and other severe weather all the way from Cuba to Québec
March 16 - The blizzard is reported to have killed 184, including many surprised and stranded people along the Appalachian Trail
March 20 - Warrington bomb attacks: IRA bomb explodes in Warrington Town Centre and kills two children, Johnathan Ball and Tim Parry
March 27 - Jiang Zemin becomes President of the People's Republic of China.
March 28 - Gaullists win legislative election in France and Édouard Balladur becomes prime minister of France.
March 31 - A bug in a program written by Richard Depew sends an article to 200 newsgroups simultaneously. The term spamming is coined by Joel Furr to describe the incident.

April

April - The Kuwaiti government claims to uncover an Iraqi assassination plot against former US President George H. W. Bush shortly after his visit to Kuwait. Two Iraqi nationals, caught with smuggled hashish and alcohol inside Kuwait, confess to driving a car-bomb into Kuwait on behalf of the Iraq Secret Service [link]
April 6 - Russian nuclear accident at Tomsk 7
April 6 - HMS Richmond launched for the Royal Navy
April 7 - Attack submarine ex-Queenfish is recycled as part of the Ship-Submarine recycling program
April 10 -ANC activist Chris Hani assassinated in South Africa
April 18- Joseph Wallace is killed by his mother in their Chicago apartment
April 19- A 51-day stand-off at the Branch Davidian building near Waco, Texas, ends with a fire that kills seventy-six people, including David Koresh.
April 22 - In Washington, DC, the Holocaust Memorial Museum is dedicated
April 22 - Murder of Stephen Lawrence, London, UK
April 23 - WHO declares tuberculosis a Global Emergency
April 24 - Bishopsgate Bomb explodes in the City of London - 1 dead, 50 injured
April 27 - All the members of the Zambia national football team lost their lives in a planecrash off Libreville, Gabon in route to Dakar, Senegal to play a qualifiying match against to Senegal to 1994 FIFA World Cup. To date is the most tragic incident in the African football history.
April 30 - The World Wide Web was born at CERN

May

May 1 - Former prime minister of France Pierre Bérégovoy commits suicide
May 1 - A Tamil Tigers suicide bomber assassinates President Ranasinghe Premadasa of Sri Lanka
May 24 - Eritrean independence
May 27 - A car bomb in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence - 5 dead - Mafia suspected

June

June 6 - Mongolia holds its first direct presidential elections
June 8 - In Paris, Christian Didier breaks into the home of Rene Bousquet, banker and former Vichy France administrator and shoots him dead
June 9 - Los Angeles Police Department raids the home of Hollywood Madame Heidi Fleiss
June 9 - Montreal Canadiens win their 24th Stanley Cup
June 14 - Mulitpartyists win referendum on the future of the one-party system in Malawi
June 14? - Tansu Ciller becomes prime minister of Turkey
June 18 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM weapons inspectors to install remote-controlled monitoring cameras at two missile engine test stands.
June 22 - Japan's New Party Sakigake breaks away from the Liberal Democratic Party.
June 23 - Lorena Bobbitt cuts off the penis of her husband John Wayne Bobbitt.
July 23 - Candelaria massacre - police shoot number of street kids in Candelaria Church in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
June 22 - Unabomber bomb injures Charles Epstein in Tiburon, California
June 24 - Unabomber bomb injures computer scientist David Gelernter in Yale University
June 24 - Andrew Wiles wins worldwide fame after presenting his solution for Fermat's Last Theorem, a problem that has been unsolved for more than three centuries.
June 25 - Kim Campbell becomes Canada's nineteenth and first female Prime Minister
June 27 - US President Bill Clinton orders a cruise missile attack on Iraqi intelligence headquarters in the Al-Mansur District, Baghdad, in response to the attempted assassination of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush during his visit to Kuwait in mid-April
June 27 - In Bad Kleinen, Germany, GSG 9 troopers arrest terrorists Birgit Hogefeld and Wolfgang Grams

July

July 1 - Gian Luigi Ferry shoots 8 and injures 6 in "Pettit and Martin" law firm in San Francisco, then shoots himself
July 5 - Iraq disarmament crisis: UN inspection teams leave Iraq. Iraq then agrees to UNSCOM demands and the inspection teams return
July 12 - A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off Hokkaido, Japan launches a devastating tsunami, killing 202 on the small island of Okushiri, Hokkaido
July 16 - Version 1.00 of the Slackware GNU/Linux distribution is released.
July 20 - White House deputy counsel Vincent W. Foster Jr commits suicide in Virginia
July 23 - Candelaria Massacre ? Brazilian police officers kill 8 street kids in Rio de Janeiro
July 27 - Windows NT 3.1, the first version of Microsoft's line of Windows NT operating systems, is released to manufacturing.
July 29 - The Israeli Supreme Court acquits accused Nazi death camp guard John Demjanjuk of all charges and he is set free.

August

August 4 - A federal judge sentences LAPD officers Stacey Koon and Laurence Powell to 30 months in prison for violating motorist Rodney King's civil rights
August 6 - Louis Freeh is confirmed by the United States Senate to be the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
August 9 - King Albert II of Belgium is sworn into office nine days after the death of his brother, King Baudouin
August 16 - The Debian GNU/Linux distribution is founded by Ian Murdock.
August 21 - NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Observer orbiter three days before the spacecraft is scheduled to enter orbit around Mars
August 24 - Ukraine Independence Day
August 30 - The Late Show with David Letterman premieres on CBS.

September

PLO leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, with US President, Bill Clinton.

September 4 - The Essendon Football Club wins its 15th AFL premiership over arch rivals Carlton Football Club
September 13 - PLO leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin shake hands in Washington D.C., after signing a peace accord.
September 13 - Late Night with Conan O'Brien premieres on NBC.
September 13 - Norwegian parliamentary election, 1993
September 23 - The IOC selects Sydney, Australia to host the 2000 Summer Olympics.
September 24 - Nirvana releases In Utero, their last studio album, and the last before Kurt Cobain's death
September 29 - An earthquake centred on Killari, Maharashtra, India kills nearly 10,000 people.

October

Tanks bombard the Russian parliament in October 1993

Polly Klaas is kidnapped at knifepoint from her home in Petaluma, California. She was later strangled by Richard Allen Davis
October 3 - Large scale battle between US forces and local militia in Mogadishu, Somalia
October 5 - Second October Revolution in Russia
October 6 - After nine years of playing basketball, shaken by the death of his father (James Jordan), Michael Jordan retires from basketball for the first time.
October 13 - Andreas Papandreou begins his second term as Prime Minister of Greece.
October 25 - Jean Chrétien and his Liberal Party defeat the governing Progressive Conservative Party in the Canadian federal election.
October 26 - The Carolina Panthers become the NFL's 29th franchise and the first expansion team since 1976.
October - Internal Revenue Service of the United States granted full religious recognition and tax exemption to all Scientology Churches, missions and social betterment groups[link].

November

November 1 - The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.
November 4 - Jean Chrétien becomes Canada's twentieth Prime Minister.
November 9 - Bosnian Croat forces destroy the Stari most, or Old Bridge of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, by tank fire
November 12 - The inaugural Ultimate Fighting Championship is held in Denver, Colorado.
November 18 - In South Africa, 21 political parties approve a new constitution.
November 20 - Savings and Loan scandal: The United States Senate Ethics Committee issues a stern censure of California senator Alan Cranston for his dealings with savings-and-loan executive Charles Keating.
November 24 - In the United Kingdom, 11-year-olds Robert Thompson and Jon Venables are convicted of the child murder of 2-year-old James Bulger of Liverpool (they were sentenced to "indefinite detention")
November 28 - The Observer reveals a channel of communications has existed between the IRA and the British government, despite the government's persistent denials.
November 30 - US President Bill Clinton signs the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (the Brady Bill) into law

December

December 2 - Shuttle program: STS-61 - NASA launches the Space Shuttle Endeavour on a mission to repair an optical flaw in the Hubble Space Telescope.
December 2 - War on Drugs:: Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar is gunned down in Medellín when the police try to arrest him
December 7 - Colin Ferguson opened fire with his Ruger 9mm pistol on a Long Island Railroad train, killing six and injuring 19. The event was dubbed "The Long Island Railroad Massacre."
December 11 - 48 people were killed when a block of the Highland Towers collapsed near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
December 12 - earthquake hits Flores, Indonesia - 2200 dead
December 15 - Downing Street Declaration - United Kingdom commits itself to the search for an answer to the problems of Northern Ireland
December 30 - Israel and the Vatican establish diplomatic relations

Unknown dates

The second World Parliament of Religions is held in Chicago, Illinois
US President Bill Clinton sends 6 American warships to Haiti to enforce United Nations trade sanctions against the military-led regime in that country
The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers flood large portions of the American Midwest.

Births

January 18 - Morgan York, American actress
January 26 - Cameron Bright, Canadian actor
January 30 - Christina Kirkman, American actress
February 7 - David Dorfman, American actor
February 9 - Parimarjan Negi, chess prodigy from India
February 19 - Victoria Justice, American actress
February 26 - Taylor Dooley, American actress
March 4 - Jenna Boyd, American actress
March 17 - Julia Winter, Swedish actress
March 28 - Naoki Takeshi, Japanese actor
May 24 - Oliver Davis, American actor
May 25 - The Dilley sextuplets
June 4 - Christian Mowatt, British noble
June 7 - Jordan Fry, American actor
June 9 - Danielle Chuchran, American actress
June 10 - Hugh Alexander Carnegie, British noble
June 25 - Barney Clark, British actor
July 26 - Taylor Momsen, American actress
August 2 - Ryan and Kyle Pepi, American twin actors
August 11 - Alyson Stoner, American actress and dancer
August 16 - Cameron Monaghan, American actor
September 1 - Ilona Mitrecey, French singer
September 9 - Charlie Stewart, American actor
September 12 - Jacob and Zachary Handy, American twin actors
October 8 - Angus T. Jones, American actor
October 19 - Henry Mountbatten, Earl of Medina, British noble
December 6 - Elián González, Cuban refugee
December 8 - AnnaSophia Robb, American actress

Deaths

January-February

January 3 - Dizzy Gillespie, creator of be-bop and Afro-Cuban jazz (b.1917)
January 20 - Audrey Hepburn, famous Anglo-Dutch actress, fashion model and humanitarian (b. 1929)
January 27 - André the Giant Roussimoff, French professional wrestler (b. 1946)
February 5 - Joseph L. Mankiewicz, American writer, producer, and director (b. 1909)
February 5 - Tip Tipping, American actor and stuntman (parachuting accident) (b. 1958)
February 6 - Arthur Ashe, American tennis player and activist (b. 1943)
February 11 - Robert W. Holley, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1922)
February 18 - Jacqueline Hill, British actress (b. 1929)
February 18 - Kerry Von Erich, professional wrestler (suicide) (b. 1960)
February 20 - Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (b. 1916)
February 24 - Bobby Moore, English footballer (b. 1941)
February 27 - Lillian Gish, American actress (b. 1893)
February 28 - Ruby Keeler, Canadian actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1910)

March-April

March 8 - Billy Eckstine, American musician (b. 1914)
March 11 - Adolph "Dino Bravo" Bresciano, Italian-born professional wrestler (b. 1949)
March 17 - Helen Hayes, American actress (b. 1900)
March 20 - Polykarp Kusch, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
March 22 - Curtis Taylor, a student who used to go to Oak Bridge Middle School and was bullied for three years. (b. 1978)
March 24 - John Hersey, American author (b. 1914)
March 31 - Brandon Lee, American actor (b. 1965)
April 1 - Alan Kulwicki, American race car driver (b. 1954)
April 3 - Pinky Lee, American children's television host (b. 1907)
April 8 - Marian Anderson, American contralto (b. 1897)
April 13 - Wallace Stegner, American writer (car accident) (b. 1909)
April 15 - Robert Westall, British author (b. 1929)

May-June

May 1 - Pierre Bérégovoy, Prime Minister of France (b. 1925)
May 8 - Avram Davidson, American writer (b. 1923)
May 27 - Werner Stocker, German actor (b. 1955)
June 5 - Conway Twitty, Country music singer (b. 1933)
June 7 - Drazen Petrovic, Croatian basketball player (b. 1964)
June 9 - Alexis Smith, Canadian actress (b. 1921)
June 13 - Deke Slayton, astronaut (b. 1924)
June 15 - John Connally, Governor of Texas (b. 1917)
June 19 - William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
June 24 - Archie Williams, American athlete (b. 1915)
June 26 - William H. Riker, American political scientist (b. 1920)
June 28 - G.G. Allin, Punk rock singer and bandleader for a plethora of groups (b. 1956)
June 28 - Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (b. 1914)
June 29 - Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (b. 1946)
June 30 - George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)

July-September

July 3 - Don Drysdale, baseball player (b. 1936)
July 3 - Curly Joe DeRita, American comedian and sixth and final member of the Three Stooges (b. 1909)
July 13 - Davey Allison, American race car driver (helicopter crash) (b. 1961)
July 28 - Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (heart ailment) (b. 1965)
July 31 - King Baudouin I of Belgium (b. 1930)
August 6 - Tex Hughson, baseball player (b. 1916)
August 10 - Øystein Aarseth, Norwegian musician (Mayhem) (b. 1968)
September 9 - Helen O'Connell, American singer (b. 1920)
September 11 - Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian conductor (b. 1912)
September 22 - Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (b. 1903)
September 27 - Jimmy Doolittle, American general (b. 1896)

October-December

October 5 - Jim Holton, Scottish footballer (b. 1951)
October 11 - Jess Thomas, American tenor (b. 1927)
October 12 - Tofik Bakhramov, Russian footballer (b. 1926)
October 25 - Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
October 25 - Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer (b. 1958)
October 31 - Federico Fellini, Italian film director (b. 1911)
October 31 - River Phoenix, American actor (drug overdose) (b. 1970)
November 1 - Severo Ochoa, Spanish–born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1905)
November 6 - Michael Vernon, Australian consumer activist (b.1932)
November 12 - H. R. Haldeman, American Watergate scandal figure (b. 1926)
November 21 - Bill Bixby, American actor (b. 1934)
November 22 - Anthony Burgess, English author (b. 1917)
December 1 - Ray Gillen, American singer (b. 1961)
December 2 - Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord (b. 1940)
December 4 - Frank Zappa, American guitarist and composer (b. 1940)
December 5 - Doug Hopkins, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1961)
December 7 - Wolfgang Paul, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)
December 9 - Danny Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer and football manager (b. 1926)
December 13 - Vanessa Duriès, French novelist (b. 1972)
December 29 - Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Soviet Armenian actor (b. 1930)
December 31 - Zviad Gamsakhurdia, first President of Georgia (b. 1939)

Unknown dates

Charles M. Manson Jr, the son of Charles Manson, commits suicide at age 38

Nobel prizes

Charles Colson

Arna Mer-Khamis / Care and Learning, ORAP (The Organisation of Rural Associations for Progress) / Sithembiso Nyoni, Vandana Shiva, Mary and Carrie Dann

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