3rd century BC
Encyclopedia : 3 : 3R : 3RD : 3rd century BC
| Centuries: | 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC |
| Decades: | 290s BC 280s 270s 260s 250s 240s 230s 220s 210s 200s BC |
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium)
The 3rd century BC started on January 1, 300 BC and ended on December 31, 201 BC.
Events
- Teotihuacán, Mexico begun
- The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean
- Rome conquers Spain
- Gaulish migration to Macedon, Thrace and Galatia
- 282-226: Colossus of Rhodes
- 281 BC Antiochus I Soter, on the assassination of his father Seleucus becomes emperor of the Seleucid empire.
- 279 BC Singidunum and Taurunum, today's Belgrade and Zemun, founded by Scordisci Celts
- 275 BC: end of history of Babylon
- 273 BC to 252 BC Ashoka the Great ruled the Mauryan Empire
- 261 BC Antiochus II Theos, 2nd son, at the death of his father becomes emperor of the Seleucid empire.
- 214 BC Qin Shi Huang Qin Dynasty ordered construction of the Great Wall of China.
- Indian traders regularly visited Arabia
- Scythians occupy Sogdiana, in modern-day Uzbekistan.
- Han dynasty was founded (202 BC - 8 AD).
- The Pharos of Alexandria is built.
- Appearance of the Hopewell culture in Ohio, USA
Significant persons
- Appius Claudius Caecus, Aqua Appia, Via Appia, invented letter G
- Mencius, Chinese philosopher and sage (371 - 289 BC).
- Euclid, geometer (c. 365 - 275 BC).
- Ashoka, Mauryan ruler of India 273 BC - 232 BC.
- Arcesilaus, founder of new Academy
- Archimedes of Syracuse, mathematician, physicist, and engineer (c. 287 - 212 BC).
- Manetho, wrote History of Egypt
- The Ptolemaic dynasty rules Egypt
- * Ptolemy I Soter (305 BC-282 BC) and his wives Eurydice and
- * Ptolemy II Philadelphos (284 BC-246 BC) and his wives Arsinoe I and Arsinoe II Philadelphos.
- * Ptolemy III Euergetes I (246 BC-222 BC) and his wife Berenice II.
- * Ptolemy IV Philopater (222 BC-204 BC) and his wife Arsinoe III.
- * Ptolemy V Epiphanes (204 BC-180 BC) and his wife Cleopatra I.
- Eratosthenes (c. 276 - 194 BC), Greek mathematician, geographer and astronomer.
- Apollonius of Perga, mathematician (c. 262 - 190 BC).
- Qin Shi Huang, Chinese Emperor (259 - 210 BC, reigned 246 - 210 BC).
- Hannibal, military leader of Carthage (247 - 182 BC).
- the "second" Brennus, Gaulish chieftain, invades Macedonia in 279 BC
- Xun Zi, founder of Legalism (philosophy)
- Zeno of Citium, founder of Stoicism
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
- Eratosthenes accurately calculates diameter of the Earth
- Weiqi well-established in China, and may date back to the 2nd millennium BC
- Stone of Canopus (for Ptolemy III), No. 1, in Rosetta Stone Series of 3 stones. Implements Leap year in Egypt. Leap year not formally recognized until Caesar in 55 B.C.
- 293 BC: first Roman Sundial [Pliny (79ce): Natural History 7.213]
- Water screw invented by Archimedes
Decades and years
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