73rd United States Congress

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73rd U.S. Congress

Duration:	March 4, 1933 — January 3, 1935
House Majority:	Democrat
Senate Majority:	Democrat

The Seventy-third Congress of the United States was the 73rd meeting of the United States Congress, which took place from 1933 to 1935. All Representatives of this Congress were elected in the House election of 1932, and 34 Senators were elected in the Senate election of 1932.

The Congress took place during The Great Depression, and coincided with the first half of the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Session Dates

Two regular sessions of Congress were held, and one additional special session was called by President Roosevelt. All three took place in Washington, D.C.

• Special Session: March 4, 1933 — March 6, 1933
• First Session: March 9, 1933 — June 15, 1933
• Second Session: January 3, 1934 — June 18, 1934

Constitutional Amendments

• The twentieth amendment to the Constitution became effective in January 1934. This amendment changed both the date for convening Congress and the date for beginning each term. Thus the first session of the 73rd Congress convened in March 1933, but the second session convened in January 1934.
• The twenty-first amendment to the Constitution was ratified in December 1933. This amendment repealed the eighteenth amendment which mandated national prohibition in the United States, which had been in effect since the Volstead Act of 1919. The amendment is unsual due to the fact that it was not passed by Congress, but was forced upon the Federal Government by a convention of states. Even though it was not passed by Congress, it still was the most publicized legislation of the day, and had significant effects on the 73rd Congress, particularly in the south, where prohibition was overwhelmingly embraced, and the amendment was seen as a "coup d'etat of immorality," as one southern Congressman remarked.

Legislation

Special Session

The special session of Congress, which took place before the regular seating, was called by President Roosevelt specifically to pass two acts:

• The Emergency Banking Act was passed on March 9, 1933 within four hours of its introduction. It was prompted by the "bank holiday" and was the first step in Roosevelt's "first hundred days" of the New Deal. The Act was drafted in large part by officials appointed by the Hoover administration. The bill provided for the Treasury Department to initiate reserve requirements and a federal bailout to large failing institutions. It also removed the United States from the Gold Standard. All banks had to undergo a federal inspection to deem if they were stable enough to re-open. Within a week 1/3rd of the banks re-opened in the United States and faith was, in large part, restored in the banking system. The act had few opponents, only taking fire from the farthest left elements of Congress who wanted to nationalize banks all-together.
• The Economy Act of 1933 was passed on March 10, 1933. Roosevelt, in sending this act to Congress, warned that if it did not pass, the country faced a billion dollar deficit. The act balanced the federal budget by cutting the salaries of government employees and cutting pensions to veterans by as much as 15 percent. It intended to reassure the deficit hawks that the new president was fiscally conservative. Although the act was heavily protested by left-leaning members of congress, it passed by an overwhelming margin.

First Session

• The Emergency Conservation Work Act was passed on March 31, 1933. It established the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) as a means to combat unemployment and poverty.
• The Agricultural Adjustment Act was passed on May 12, 1933. It was part of a plan developed by Roosevelt's Secretary of Agriculture, Henry A. Wallace, and was designed to protect American farmers from the uncertainties of the depression through subsidies and production controls. The act laid the frame for long-term government control in the planning of the agricultural sector. In 1936 the act was ruled unconstitution by the United States Supreme Court because it taxed one group to pay for another.
• The Tennessee Valley Authority Act passed on May 18, 1933. It created the Tennessee Valley Authority to relieve the Tennessee Valley by a series of public works projects.
• The Federal Emergency Relief Act passed on May 22, 1933. It established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) which develop public works projects to give work to the unemployed.
• The Securities Act of 1933 was passed on June 5, 1933. It established the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) as a way for the government to prevent a repeat of the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
• The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 was passed on June 12 1933 and was a follow up to the Glass-Steagall Act of 1932. Both acts sought to make banking safer and less prone to speculation. The 1933 act, however, established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
• The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was passed on June 16, 1933. It was an anti-deflation scheme promoted by the Chamber of Commerce that reversed anti-trust laws and permit trade associations to cooperate in stabilizing prices within their industries while making businesses ensure that the incomes of workers would rise along with their prices. It guaranteed to workers of the right of collective bargaining and helped spur major union organizing drives in major industries. In case consumer buying power lagged behind, thereby defeating the administration's initiatives, the NIRA created the Public Works Administration (PWA), a major program of public works spending designed to alleviate unemployment, and moreover to transfer funds to certain beneficiaries. The NIRA established the most important, but ultimately least successful provision: a new federal agency known as the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to stabilize prices and wages through cooperative "code authorities" involving government, business, and labor. The NIRA was seen hailed as a miracle, responding to the needs of labor, business, unemployment, and the deflation crisis. Unfortunately, the "sick chicken case" lead to the Supreme Court invalidating NIRA in 1935, although it was in effect long enough for it to accomlish a good deal of what it set out to do.

Second Session

• The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was a growth off of the Securities Act of 1933 and regulated participation in financial markets.

Hearings

\"Merchants of Death\" hearings

Committee: U.S. Senate Committee on Munitions
Chairman: Senator Gerald P. Nye (R-North Dakota)
Duration: September 4, 1934-February 1936

The Senate Munitions Committee came into existence souly for the purpose of this hearing. Although World War I had been over for sixteen years, there were revived reports that America's leading munition companies had effectively influenced the United States into that conflict, which killed 53,000 Americans, hence the nickname "Merchants of Death".

The Democratic Party, controlling the Senate for the first time since the first world war, used the hype of these reports to organise the hearing in hopes of nationalizing America's munitions industry. The Democrats chose a Republican renowned for his ardent isolationist policies, Senator Nye of North Dakota, to head the hearing. Nye was typical of western agrarian progressives, and adamantly opposed America's involvement in any foreign war. Nye declared at the opening of the hearing "when the Senate investigation is over, we shall see that war and preparation for war is not a matter of national honor and national defense, but a matter of profit for the few."

Over the next eighteen months, the "Nye Committee" (as newspapers called it) held ninety-three hearings, questioning more than two hundred witnesses, including J.P. Morgan, Jr. and Pierre du Pont. Committee members found little hard evidence of an active conspiracy among arms makers, yet the panel’s reports did little to weaken the popular prejudice against "greedy munitions interests."

The hearings overlapped the 73rd and 74th Congresses. They only came to an end after Chairman Nye provoked the Democratic caucus into cutting off funding. Nye, in the last hearing the Committee held in early 1936, attacked former Democratic President Woodrow Wilson, suggesting that Wilson had withheld essential information from Congress as it considered a declaration of war. Democratic leaders, including Appropriations Committee Chairman Carter Glass of Virginia, unleashed a furious response against Nye for "dirtdaubing the sepulcher of Woodrow Wilson." Standing before cheering colleagues in a packed Senate chamber, Glass slammed his fist onto his desk in protest until blood dripped from his knuckles, effectively prompting the Democratic caucus to withhold all funding for further hearings.

Although the "Nye Committee" failed to achieve its goal of nationalizing the arms industry, it inspired three congressional neutrality acts in the mid-1930s that signaled profound American opposition to overseas involvement.

Party summary

Senate

At seating

• 59 Democrats
• 36 Republicans
• 1 Farmer-Labor

Total 96

At adjournment

• 60 Democrats
• 35 Republicans
• 1 Farmer-Labor

Total 96

Changes

1. Senator Robert B. Howell (R-Nebraska) died and was replaced by a Democrat.

House of Representatives

At seating

• 313 Democrats
• 117 Republicans
• 5 Farmer-Labor Party

Total 435

At adjournment

• 312 Democrats
• 112 Republicans
• 5 Farmer-Labor Party
• 2 Progressives
• 4 Vacancies

Total 435

Changes

1. Representative Henry W. Watson (R-Pennsylvania) died and was replaced by a Democrat.
2. Representative George F. Brumm (R-Pennsylvania) died and his seat remained vacant until the end of the session.
3. Representative Thomas C. Coffin (D-Idaho) died and his seat remained vacant until the end of the session.
4. Representative James M. Beck (R-Pennsylvania) resigned and his seat remained vacant until the end of the session.
5. Representatives Gardner R. Withrow and Gerald J. Boileau (R-Wisconsin) changed to the Progressive Party.
6. Speaker Henry T. Rainey (D-Illinois) died and his seat remained vacant until the end of the session. Likewise, a new Speaker was not elected until the next session.

Officers

Senate

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	Position	Name	Party	State	Since
President	John Nance Garner	Democrat	Texas	1933
President Pro Tempore	Key Pittman	Democrat	Nevada	1933

Majority leadership

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	Position	Name	State	Since
Senate Majority Leader	Joseph T. Robinson	Arkansas	1933
Senate Majority Whip	J. Hamilton Lewis	Illinois	1933
Democratic Conference Chairman	Joseph T. Robinson	Arkansas	1923

Minority leadership

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	Position	Name	State	Since
Senate Minority Leader	Charles L. McNary	Oregon	1933
Senate Minority Whip	Felix Herbert	Rhode Island	1933
Republican Conference Chairman	Charles L. McNary	Oregon	1933

House of Representatives

Majority Leadership

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	Position	Name	District	Since
Speaker of the House	Henry T. Rainey	Illinois 20th	1933
House Majority Leader	Joseph W. Byrns	Tennessee 5th	1933
House Majority Whip	Arthur H. Greenwood	Indiana 7th	1933
Democratic Caucus Chairman	Clarence F. Lea	California 1st	1933

Minority Leadership

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	Position	Name	District	Since
House Minority Leader	Betrand H. Snell	New York 31st	1931
House Minority Whip	Harry L. Englebright	California 2nd	1933
Republican Conference Chairman	Robert Luce	Massachusetts 9th	1933

Members

Senate

• Hugo Black (D)
• John H. Bankhead II (D)

• Henry F. Ashurst (D)
• Carl Hayden (D)

• Joseph Robinson (D)
• Hattie Carraway (D)

• Hiram Johnson (R)
• William G. McAdoo (D)

• Edward P. Costigan (D)
• Alva B. Adams (D)

• Fredric C. Walcott (R)
• Augustine Lonergan (D)

• Daniel O. Hastings (R)
• John G. Townsend, Jr. (R)

• Duncan U. Fletcher (D)
• Park Trammell (D)

• Walter F. George (D)
• Richard B. Russell, Jr. (D)

• William E. Borah (R)
• James P. Pope (D)

• James H. Lewis (D)
• William H. Dieterich (D)

• Arthur R. Robinson (R)
• Frederick Van Nuys (D)

• L. J. Dickinson (R)
• Louis Murphy (D)

• Arthur Capper (R)
• George McGill (D)

• Alben W. Barkley (D)
• Marvel M. Logan (D)

• Huey P. Long (D)
• John H. Overton (D)

• Frederick Hale (R)
• Wallace H. White, Jr. (R)

• Millard E. Tydings (D)
• Phillips Lee Goldsborough (R)

• David I. Walsh (D)
• Marcus A. Coolidge (D)

• James Couzens (R)
• Arthur H. Vandenberg (R)

• Henrik Shipstead (FL)
• Thomas D. Schall (R)

• Pat Harrison (D)
• Hubert D. Stephens (D)

• Roscoe C. Patterson (R)
• Joel Bennett Clark (D)

• Burton K. Wheeler (D)
• John E. Erickson (D), appointed to fill an unexpired term. James E. Murray (D) elected to comlete term.

• George W. Norris (R)
• Robert B. Howell (R), died. William H. Thompson (D) appointed replacement, Richard C. Hunter (D) duly elected to fill the unexpired term.

• Key Pittman (D)
• Patrick A. McCarran (D)

• Henry W. Keyes (R)
• Fred Brown (D)

• Hamilton F. Kean (R)
• Dwight W. Morrow (R)

• Sam G. Bratton (D), resigned. Replaced by Carl Hatch (D)
• Bronson M. Cutting (R)

• Royal S. Copeland (D)
• Robert F. Wagner (D)

• Josiah William Bailey (D)
• Robert R. Reynolds (D)

• Lynn Frazier (R)
• Gerald P. Nye (R)

• Simeon D. Fess (R)
• Robert J. Buckley (D)

• J.W. Elmer Thomas (D)
• Thomas P. Gore (D)

• Charles L. McNary (R)
• Fredrick Steiwer (R)

• David A. Reed (R)
• James J. Davis (R)

• Jesse H. Metcalf (R)
• Felix Hebert (R)

• Ellison D. Smith (D)
• James F. Byrnes (D)

• Peter Norbeck (R)
• William J. Bulow (D)

• Kenneth D. McKellar (D)
• Nathan Lynn Bachman (D)

• Morris Sheppard (D)
• Thomas T. Connally (D)

• William H. King (D)
• Elbert D. Thomas (D)

• Porter H. Dale (R), died. Replaced by Ernest W. Gibson (R)
• Warren R. Austin (R)

• Carter Glass (D)
• Harry F. Byrd (D)

• Clarence C. Dill (D)
• Homer T. Bone (D)

• Henry D. Hatfield (R)
• Matthew M. Neely (D)

• Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (R)
• F. Ryan Duffy (D)

• John B. Kendrick (D), died. Replaced by Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D)
• Robert D. Carey (R)

House of Representatives

• 1. John McDuffie (D)
• 2. J. Lister Hill (D)
• 3. Henry B. Steagall (D)
• 4. Lamar Jeffers (D)
• 5. Miles C. Allgood (D)
• 6. William B. Oliver (D)
• 7. William B. Bankhead (D)
• 8. Edward B. Almon (D), died. Replaced by Archibald Hill Carmichael (D)
• 9. George Huddleston (D)

• At Large - Isabella Selmes Greenway (D)

• 1. William J. Driver (D)
• 2. John E. Miller (D)
• 3. Claude A. Fuller (D)
• 4. William B. Cravens (D)
• 5. Heartsill Ragon (D), resigned. Replaced by David D. Terry (D)
• 6. David Delano Glover (D)
• 7. Tilman B. Parks (D)

• 1. Clarence F. Lea (D)
• 2. Harry L. Englebright (R)
• 3. Frank H. Buck (D)
• 4. Florence P. Kahn (R)
• 5. Richard J. Welch (R)
• 6. Albert E. Carter (R)
• 7. Ralph R. Eltse (R)
• 8. John J. McGrath (D)
• 9. Denver S. Church (D)
• 10. Henry E. Stubbs (D)
• 11. William E. Evens (D)
• 12. John H. Hoeppel (D)
• 13. Charles Kramer (D)
• 14. Thomas F. Ford (D)
• 15. William Traeger (R)
• 16. John F. Dockweiler (D)
• 17. Charles J. Colden (D)
• 18. John H. Burke (D)
• 19. Sam L. Collins (R)
• 20. George Burnham (R)

• 1. Lawrence Lewis (D)
• 2. Fred N. Cummings (D)
• 3. John A. Martin (D)
• 4. Edward T. Taylor (D)

• At-Large - Charles M. Bakewell (R)
• 1. Herman P. Kopplemann (D)
• 2. William L. Higgins (D)
• 3. Francis T. Maloney (D)
• 4. Schuyler Merritt (R)
• 5. Edward W. Goss (R)

• At Large - Wilbur L. Adams (D)

• At-Large - William J. Sears (D)
• 1. J. Hardin Peterson (D)
• 2. Robert A. Green (D)
• 3. Millard F. Caldwell (D)
• 4. J. Mark Wilcox (D)

• 1. Homer C. Parker (D)
• 2. Edward E. Cox (D)
• 3. Bryant T. Castellow (D)
• 4. Emmett M. Owen (D)
• 5. Robert Ramspeck (D)
• 6. Carl Vinson (D)
• 7. Malcom C. Tarver (D)
• 8. Braswell Deen (D)
• 9. John S. Wood (D)
• 10. Charled H. Brand (D), died. Replaced by Paul Brown (D)

• 1. Compton I. White (D)
• 2. Thomas C. Coffin (D), died June 8, 1934. Seat left vacant.

• At-Large - Martin A. Brennan (D)
• At-Large - Walter Nesbit (D)
• 1. Oscar De Priest (R)
• 2. P. H. Moynihan (R)
• 3. Edward A. Kelly (D)
• 4. Harry P. Beam (D)
• 5. Adolph J. Sabath (D)
• 6. Thomas J. O'Brien (D)
• 7. Leonard W. Schuetz (D)
• 8. Leo Kocialkowski (D)
• 9. Frederick A. Britten (R)
• 10. James Simpson, Jr. (R)
• 11. Frank R. Reid (R)
• 12. John T. Buckbee (R)
• 13. Leo E. Allen (R)
• 14. Chester Thompson (D)
• 15. J. Leroy Adair (D)
• 16. Everett M. Dirksen (R)
• 17. Frank Gillespie (D)
• 18. James A. Meeks (D)
• 19. Donald C. Dobbins (D)
• 20. Henry T. Rainey (D), died. Seat remained vacant until next session.
• 21. J. Earl Major (D)
• 22. Edwin M. Schaefer (D)
• 23. William W. Arnold (D)
• 24. Claude V. Parsons (D)
• 25. Kent E. Keller (D)

• 1. William T. Schulte (D)
• 2. George Richard Durgan (D)
• 3. Samuel B. Pettengill (D)
• 4. James I. Farley (D)
• 5. Glenn Griswold (D)
• 6. Virginia Jenckes (D)
• 7. Arthur H. Greenwood (D)
• 8. John W. Boehne, Jr. (D)
• 9. Eugene B. Crowe (D)
• 10. Finly H. Gray (D)
• 11. William H. Larrabee (D)
• 12. Louis Ludlow (D)

• 1. Edward Clayton Eicher (D)
• 2. Bernhard Martin Jacobsen (D)
• 3. Albert Clinton Willford (D)
• 4. Frederick Elliot Biermann (D)
• 5. Lloyd Thurston (R)
• 6. Cassius C. Dowell (R)
• 7. Otha D. Wearin (D)
• 8. Fred C. Gilchrist (R)
• 9. Guy M. Gillette (D)

• 1. William P. Lambertson (R)
• 2. U. S. Guyer (R)
• 3. Harold Clement McGugin (R)
• 4. Randolph Carpenter (D)
• 5. William A. Ayres (D)
• 6. Kathryn Ellen O'Laughlin McCarthy (D)
• 7. Clifford R. Hope (R)

• At-Large - John Y. Brown (D)
• At-Large - Cap R. Carden (D)
• At-Large - Glover H. Cary (D)
• At-Large - Virgil Chapman (D)
• At-Large - W. Voris Gregory (D)
• At-Large - Finley Hamilton (D)
• At-Large - Andrew J. May (I)
• At-Large - Brent Spence (D)
• At-Large - Fred M. Vinson (D)

• 1. Joachim O. Fernandez (D)
• 2. Paul H. Maloney (D)
• 3. Numa F. Montet (D)
• 4. John N. Sandlin (D)
• 5. Riley J. Wilson (D)
• 6. Bolivar E. Kemp (D), died. Replaced by Jared Y. Sanders, Jr. (D)
• 7. René L. DeRouen (D)
• 8. Cleveland Dear (D)

• 1. Carroll L. Beedy (R)
• 2. Edward C. Moran, Jr. (D)
• 3. Ralph O. Brewster (D)

• 1. T. Alan Goldsborough (D)
• 2. William P. Cole, Jr. (D)
• 3. Vincent L. Palmisano (D)
• 4. Ambrose J. Kennedy (D)
• 5. Stephen W. Gambrill (D)
• 6. David J. Lewis (D)

• 1. Allen T. Treadway (R)
• 2. William J. Granfield (D)
• 3. Frank H. Foss (R)
• 4. Pehr G. Holmes (R)
• 5. Edith Nourse Rogers (R)
• 6. A. Piatt Andrew, Jr. (R)
• 7. William P. Connery, Jr. (D)
• 8. Arthur D. Healey (D)
• 9. Robert Luce (R)
• 10. George H. Tinkham (R)
• 11. John J. Douglass (D)
• 12. John W. McCormack (D)
• 13. Richard B. Wigglesworth (R)
• 14. Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (R)
• 15. Charles L. Grifford (R)

• 1. George G. Sadowski (D)
• 2. John C. Lehr (D)
• 3. Joseph L. Hooper (R)
• 4. George Foulkes (D)
• 5. Carl E. Mapes (D)
• 6. Claude E. Cady (D)
• 7. Jesse P. Wolcott (R)
• 8. Michael J. Hart (D)
• 9. Harry W. Musselwhite (D)
• 10. Roy O. Woodruff (D)
• 11. Prentiss M. Brown (D)
• 12. W. Frank James (D)
• 13. Clarence J. McLeod (D)
• 14. Carl M. Weideman (D)
• 15. John D. Dingell, Sr. (D)
• 16. John Lesinski (D)
• 17. George A. Dondero (R)

• At-Large - Henry Arens (FL)
• At-Large - Ray P. Chase (R)
• At-Large - Theodore Christianson (R)
• At-Large - Einar Hoidale (D)
• At-Large - Magnus Johnson (FL)
• At-Large - Harold Knutson (R)
• At-Large - Paul John Kvale (FL)
• At-Large - Ernest Lundeen (FL)
• At-Large - Francis Shoemaker (FL)

• 1. John E. Rankin (D)
• 2. Wall Doxey (D)
• 3. William M. Whittington (D)
• 4. T. Jeff Busby (D)
• 5. Ross A. Collins (D)
• 6. William M. Colmer (D)
• 7. Lawrence Russell Ellzey (D)

• At-Large - Clarence Cannon (D)
• At-Large - James Robert Claiborne (D)
• At-Large - John J. Cochran (D)
• At-Large - Clement C. Dickinson (D)
• At-Large - Richard M. Duncan (D)
• At-Large - Frank H. Lee (D)
• At-Large - Ralph F. Lozier (D)
• At-Large - Jacob L. Milligan (D)
• At-Large - Milton A. Romjue (D)
• At-Large - James Edward Ruffin (D)
• At-Large - Joseph B. Shannon (D)
• At-Large - Clyde Williams (D)
• At-Large - Reuben T. Wood (D)

• 1. Joseph P. Monaghan (D)
• 2. Roy E. Ayers (D)

• 1. John H. Morehead (D)
• 2. Edward R. Burke (D)
• 3. Edgar Howard (D)
• 4. Ashton C. Shallenberger (D)
• 5. Terry Carpenter (D)

• At-Large - James G. Scrugham (D)

• 1. William Nathaniel Rogers (D)
• 2. Charles W. Tobey (R)

• 1. Charles A. Wolverton (R)
• 2. Issac Bacharach (R)
• 3. William H. Sutphin (R)
• 4. D. Lane Powers (D)
• 5. Charles A. Eaton (R)
• 6. Donald H. McLean (R)
• 7. Randolph Perkins (R)
• 8. George N. Seger (R)
• 9. Edward A. Kenney (D)
• 10. Fred A. Hartley, Jr. (R)
• 11. Peter A. Cavicchia (R)
• 12. Frederick R. Lehlbach (R)
• 13. Mary T. Norton (D)
• 14. Oscar L. Auf der Heide (D)

• At-Large - Dennis Chavez (D)

• At-Large - John Fitzgibbons (D)
• At-Large - Elmer E. Studley (D)
• 1. Robert L. Bacon (R)
• 2. William F. Brunner (D)
• 3. George W. Lindsay (D)
• 4. Thomas H. Cullen (D)
• 5. Loring M. Black, Jr. (D)
• 6. Andrew L. Somers (D)
• 7. John J. Delaney (D)
• 8. Patrick J. Carley (D)
• 9. Stephen A. Rudd (D)
• 10. Emanuel Celler (D)
• 11. Anning S. Prall (D)
• 12. Samuel Dickstein (D)
• 13. Christopher D. Sullivan (D)
• 14. William I. Sirovich (D)
• 15. John J. Boylan (D)
• 16. John J. O'Conner (D)
• 17. Theodore A. Peyser (D)
• 18. Martin J. Kennedy (D)
• 19. Sol Bloom (D)
• 20. James J. Lanzetta (D)
• 21. Joseph A. Gavagan (D)
• 22. Anthony J. Griffin (D)
• 23. Frank Oliver (D)
• 24. James M. Fitzpatrick (D)
• 25. Charles D. Millard (R)
• 26. Hamilton Fish (R)
• 27. Philip A. Goodwin (R)
• 28. Parker Coming (D)
• 29. James S. Parker (R), died. Replaced by William D. Thomas (R)
• 30. Frank Crowther (R)
• 31. Bertrand H. Snell (R)
• 32. Francis D. Culkin (R)
• 33. Fred J. Sisson (D)
• 34. John D. Clarke (R), died. Replaced by Marian W. Clarke (R)
• 35. Clarence E. Hancock (R)
• 36. John Taber (R)
• 37. Gale H. Stalker (R)
• 38. James L. Whitley (R)
• 39. James W. Wadworth, Jr. (R)
• 40. Walter G. Andrews (R)
• 41. Alfred F. Beiter (D)
• 42. James M. Mead (D)
• 43. Daniel A. Reed (R)

• 1. Lindsay C. Warren (D)
• 2. John H. Kerr (D)
• 3. Charles L. Abernathy (D)
• 4. Edward W. Pou (D), died. Replaced by Harold D. Cooley (D)
• 5. Frank Hancock, Jr. (D)
• 6. William B. Umstead (D)
• 7. J. Bayard Clark (D)
• 8. J. Walter Lambeth (D)
• 9. Robert L. Doughton (D)
• 10. Alfred L. Bulwinkle (D)
• 11. Zebulon Weaver (D)

• At-Large - William Lemke (Nonpartisan Republican)
• At-Large - James H. Sinclair (R)

• At-Large - Charles V. Truax (D)
• At-Large - Stephen M. Young (D)
• 1. John B. Hollister (R)
• 2. William E. Hess (R)
• 3. Byron B. Harlan (D)
• 4. Frank Le Blond Kloeb (D)
• 5. Frank Charles Kniffin (D)
• 6. James G. Polk (D)
• 7. Leroy Tate Marshall (R)
• 8. Thomas Brooks Fletcher (D)
• 9. Warren J. Duffey (D)
• 10. Thomas A. Jenkins (R)
• 11. Mell G. Underwood (D)
• 12. Arthur Philip Lamneck (D)
• 13. William Louis Fiesinger (R)
• 14. Dow W. Harter (D)
• 15. Robert T. Secrest (D)
• 16. William R. Thom (D)
• 17. Charles Franklin West (D)
• 18. Lawrence E. Imhoff (D)
• 19. John G. Cooper (R)
• 20. Martin L. Sweeney (D)
• 21. Robert Crosser (D)
• 22. Chester C. Bolton (R)

• At-Large - Will Rogers, Jr. (D)
• 1. Wesley E. Disney (D)
• 2. William W. Hastings (D)
• 3. Wilburn Cartwright (D)
• 4. Tom D. McKeown (D)
• 5. Fletcher B. Swank (D)
• 6. Jed Johnson (D)
• 7. James V. McClintic (D)
• 8. Ernest W. Marland (D)

• 1. James W. Mott (R)
• 2. Walter M. Pierce (D)
• 3. Charles H. Martin (D)

• 1. Harry C. Ransley (R)
• 2. James M. Beck (R), resigned. Seat remained vacant until next session.
• 3. Alfred Marpole Waldron (R)
• 4. George Washington Edmonds (R)
• 5. James J. Connolly (R)
• 6. Edward Lowber Stokes (R)
• 7. George P. Darrow (R)
• 8. James Wolfenden (R)
• 9. Henry W. Watson (R), died. Replaced by Oliver Walter Frey (D)
• 10. J. Roland Kinzer (R)
• 11. Patrick J. Boland (D)
• 12. C. Murray Turpin (R)
• 13. George F. Brumm (R), died. Replaced by
• 14. William Emanuel Richardson (D)
• 15. Louis T. McFadden (R)
• 16. Robert F. Rich (R)
• 17. J. William Ditter (R)
• 18. Benjamin Kurtz Focht (R)
• 19. Isaac Hoffer Doutrich (R)
• 20. Thomas Cunningham Cochran (R)
• 21. Francis E. Walter (D)
• 22. Harry L. Haines (D)
• 23. J. Banks Kurtz (R)
• 24. J. Buell Snyder (D)
• 25. Charles I. Faddis (D)
• 26. J. Howard Swick (R)
• 27. Nathan L. Strong (R)
• 28. William M. Berlin (D)
• 29. Charles N. Crosby (D)
• 30. J. Twing Brooks (D)
• 31. M. Clyde Kelly (R)
• 32. Michael Joseph Muldowney (R)
• 33. Henry Ellenbogen (D)
• 34. Matthew A. Dunn (D)

• 1. Francis B. Condon (D)
• 2. John M. O'Connell (D)

• 1. Thomas S. McMillan (D)
• 2. Hampton P. Fulmer (D)
• 3. John Clarence Taylor (D)
• 4. John J. McSwain (D)
• 5. James P. Richards (D)
• 6. Allard H. Gasque (D)

• 1. Fred H. Hildebrandt (D)
• 2. Theodore B. Werner (D)

• 1. B. Carroll Reece (R)
• 2. J. Will Taylor (R)
• 3. Sam D. McReynolds (D)
• 4. John Ridley Mitchell (D)
• 5. Joseph W. Byrns (D)
• 6. Clarence W. Turner (D)
• 7. Gordon Browning (D)
• 8. Jere Cooper (D)
• 9. Edward H. Crump (D)

• At-Large - Joseph Weldon Bailey, Jr. (D)
• At-Large - Sterling Price Strong (D)
• At-Large - George Butler Terrell (D)
• 1. Wright Patman (D)
• 2. Martin Dies, Jr. (D)
• 3. Morgan G. Sanders (D)
• 4. Sam Rayburn (D)
• 5. Hatton W. Sumners (D)
• 6. Luther A. Johnson (D)
• 7. Clay Stone Briggs (D), died. Replaced by Clark W. Thompson (D)
• 8. Joe H. Eagle (D)
• 9. Joseph J. Mansfield (D)
• 10. James P. Buchanan (D)
• 11. Oliver H. Cross (D)
• 12. Fritz G. Lanham (D)
• 13. William D. McFarlane (D)
• 14. Richard M. Kleberg (D)
• 15. John Nance Garner (D), resigned. Replaced by Milton H. West (D)
• 16. R. Ewing Thomason (D)
• 17. Thomas L. Blanton (D)
• 18. Marvin Jones (D)

• 1. Abe Murdock (D)
• 2. J. W. Robinson (D)

• At-Large - Ernest W. Gibson (R), resigned. Replaced by Charles A. Plumley (R)

• At-Large - S. Otis Bland (D)
• At-Large - Thomas G. Burch (D)
• At-Large - Colgate W. Darden, Jr. (D)
• At-Large - Patrick H. Drewry (D)
• At-Large - John W. Flannagan, Jr. (D)
• At-Large - Andrew J. Montague (D)
• At-Large - A. Willis Robertson (D)
• At-Large - Howard W. Smith (D)
• At-Large - Clifton A. Woodrum (D)

• 1. Marion Anthony Zioncheck (D)
• 2. Monrad C. Wallgren (D)
• 3. Martin F. Smith (D)
• 4. Knute Hill (D)
• 5. Samuel Billingsley Hill (D)
• 6. Wesley Lloyd (D)

• 1. Robert L. Ramsay (D)
• 2. Jennings Randolph (D)
• 3. Lynn Hornor (D), died. Replaced by Andrew Edmiston, Jr. (D)
• 4. George W. Johnson (D)
• 5. John Kee (D)
• 6. Joe L. Smith (D)

• 1. George Washington Blanchard (R)
• 2. Charles W. Henney (D)
• 3. Gardner R. Withrow (Progressive)
• 4. Randolph Joseph Cannon (D)
• 5. Thomas David Patrick O'Malley (D)
• 6. Michael K. Reilly (D)
• 7. Gerald J. Boileau (Progressive)
• 8. James Frederic Hughes (R)
• 9. James A. Frear (R)
• 10. Hubert H. Peavey (R)

• At Large - Vincent Carter (R)

• Anthony J. Dimond (D), Delegate

• Lincoln L. McCandless (D), Delegate

• Pedro Guevara (Nationalist), Resident Commissioner
• Camilo Osias (Nationalist), Resident Commissioner

• Santiago Iglesias (Coalitionist), Resident Commissioner

Changes in Membership

Senate

Senator	State	Reason for Vacancy	Successor	Date of Successor's Installation
Robert H. Howell	Nebraska	Died March 11, 1933	William H. Thompson	May 24, 1933
Sam G. Bratton	New Mexico	Resigned June 24, 1933	Carl Hatch	November 6, 1934
Porter H. Dale	Vermont	Died October 6, 1933	Ernest W. Gibson	October 19, 1933
John B. Kendrick	Wyoming	Died November 3, 1933	Joseph C. O'Mahoney	January 1, 1934
William H. Thompson	Nebraska	Duly elected successor qualified on November 6, 1934	Richard C. Hunter	November 7, 1934
John E. Erikson	Montana	Duly elected successor qualified on November 6, 1934	James E. Murray	November 7, 1934

House of Representatives

Representative	District	Reason for Vacancy	Successor	Date of Successor's Installation
John Nance Garner	Texas 15th	Resigned March 4, 1933 having become Vice President	Milton H. West	April 22, 1933
Lewis W. Douglas		Resigned March 4, 1933 to accept a Presidential appointment	Isabella Selmes Greenway	October 3, 1933
Clay Stone Briggs	Texas 7th	Died April 29, 1933	Clark W. Thompson	June 24, 1933
Heartsill Ragon	Arkansas 5th	Resigned May 12, 1933	David D. Terry	December 19, 1933
Charles H. Brand	Georgia 10th	Died May 17, 1933	Paul Brown	July 5, 1933
Bolivar E. Kemp	Louisiana 6th	Died June 19, 1933	Jared Y. Sanders, Jr.	May 1, 1934
Edward B. Almon	Alabama 8th	Died June 22, 1933	Archibald Hill Carmichael	November 14, 1933
Henry W. Watson	Pennsylvania 9th	Died August 27, 1933	Oliver Walter Frey	November 7, 1933
Lynn Hornor	West Virginia 3rd	Died September 23, 1933	Andrew Edmiston, Jr.	November 28, 1933
Ernest W. Gibson	Vermont At Large	Elevated to the Senate October 19, 1933	Charles A. Plumley	January 16, 1934
James S. Parker	New York 34th	Died November 5, 1933	Marion W. Clarke	December 28, 1933
John D. Clarke	New York 29th	Died December 19, 1933	William D. Thomas	January 30, 1934
Edward W. Pou	North Carolina 4th	Died April 1, 1934	Harold D. Cooley	July 7, 1934
George F. Brumm	Pennsylvania 13th	Died May 29, 1934	James H. Gildea	January 4, 1935
Thomas C. Coffin	Idaho 2nd	Died June 8, 1934	D. Worth Clark	January 4, 1935
Henry T. Rainey	Illinois 20th	Died August 19, 1934	Scott W. Lucas	January 4, 1935
James M. Beck	Pennsylvania 2nd	Resigned September 30, 1934	William H. Wilson	January 4, 1935

Employees

Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn

Senate

• Secretary of the Senate: Edwin A. Halsey
• Chaplain: ZeBarney Thorne Phillips (Episcopalian)
• Sergeant at Arms: Chesley W. Jurney

House of Representatives

• Clerk: South Trimble
• Chaplain: James Shera Montgomery (Methodist)
• Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth Romney
• Doorkeeper: Joseph J. Sinnott
• See also: [Rules of the House: "Other officers and officials"]

List of United States Congresses (and years begun)

1st United States Congress>1 (1789) • 2 (1791) • 3 (1793) • 4 (1795) • 5 (1797) • 6 (1799) • 7 (1801) • 8 (1803) • 9 (1805) • 10 (1807) 11 (1809) • 12 (1811) • 13 (1813) • 14 (1815) • 15 (1817) • 16 (1819) • 17 (1821) • 18 (1823) • 19 (1825) • 20 (1827) 21 (1829) • 22 (1831) • 23 (1833) • 24 (1835) • 25 (1837) • 26 (1839) • 27 (1841) • 28 (1843) • 29 (1845) • 30 (1847) 31 (1849) • 32 (1851) • 33 (1853) • 34 (1855) • 35 (1857) • 36 (1859) • 37 (1861) • 38 (1863) • 39 (1865) • 40 (1867) 41 (1869) • 42 (1871) • 43 (1873) • 44 (1875) • 45 (1877) • 46 (1879) • 47 (1881) • 48 (1883) • 49 (1885) • 50 (1887) 51 (1889) • 52 (1891) • 53 (1893) • 54 (1895) • 55 (1897) • 56 (1899) • 57 (1901) • 58 (1903) • 59 (1905) • 60 (1907) 61 (1909) • 62 (1911) • 63 (1913) • 64 (1915) • 65 (1917) • 66 (1919) • 67 (1921) • 68 (1923) • 69 (1925) • 70 (1927) 71 (1929) • 72 (1931) • 73 (1933) • 74 (1935) • 75 (1937) • 76 (1939) • 77 (1941) • 78 (1943) • 79 (1945) • 80 (1947) 81 (1949) • 82 (1951) • 83 (1953) • 84 (1955) • 85 (1957) • 86 (1959) • 87 (1961) • 88 (1963) • 89 (1965) • 90 (1967) 91 (1969) • 92 (1971) • 93 (1973) • 94 (1975) • 95 (1977) • 96 (1979) • 97 (1981) • 98 (1983) • 99 (1985) • 100 (1987) 101 (1989) • 102 (1991) • 103 (1993) • 104 (1995) • 105 (1997) • 106 (1999) • 107 (2001) • 108 (2003) • 109 (2005) • 110 (2007) 111 (2009) • 112 (2011) • 113 (2013)

United States Congress — (House of Representatives, Senate)
Members	House: Current, Former, Districts | Senate: Current, Former, Current & Former by state
Groups	African Americans, Asian Pacific Americans list, Caucuses, Committees, Demographics House: Committees  | Senate: Committees, Women list
Leaders	House: Speaker, Majority leader, Minority leader, Dem. leader, Rep. leader, Majority whip, Minority whip, Dem. whip, Rep. whip, Dem. caucus, Rep. conference, Dean Senate: President pro tempore (list), Majority and Minority leaders, Dem. Leader, Rep. Leader, Majority whip, Minority whip, Dem. Caucus (Chair, Secretary, Policy comm. chair), Rep. Conference (Chair, Secretary, Policy comm. chair), Dean
Agencies & Employees	Architect of the Capitol, Capitol guide service (board), Capitol police (board), Government Printing Office, Law Revision Counsel, Librarian of Congress, Poet laureate House: Chaplain, Clerk, Doorkeeper, Historian, Page, Parliamentarian, Postmaster, Reading clerk, Sergeant at Arms Senate: Chaplain, Curator, Page, Parliamentarian, Secretary, Sergeant at Arms
Politics & Procedure	Act of Congress (list), Caucuses, Committees, Joint session, Delegations' partisan mix House: Committees  | Senate: Committees, Filibuster, Traditions, Vice Presidents' tie-breaking votes
Buildings	Capitol Complex, Capitol, Botanic Garden House: Cannon, Ford, Longworth, O'Neill, Rayburn | Senate: Dirksen, Hart, Russell
Research	Biographical directory, Congressional Quarterly, Congressional Record, Congressional Research Service, Federal depository library, Library of Congress, The Hill, Roll Call, THOMAS

 

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