999 (emergency telephone number)
Encyclopedia : 9 : 99 : 999 : 999 (emergency telephone number)
999 is the United Kingdom's and Ireland's emergency telephone number with the EU standard 112. "[DON'T CALL 999 UNLESS . . .]", Metropolitan Police. Retrieved 15 May 2006. Either number can be used but 999 is more popular and better-known than 112. It is also the emergency telephone number in some Commonwealth countries (the rest use a variety of numbers including 9-1-1). It is also used in the Ghana, The United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia and Singapore.
It is an all-service number, meaning that it should be called in any situations where state-run emergency services are needed. The three main and best-known services are fire brigade, police and ambulance. Other available services include coastguards, mountain rescue and cave rescue (where locally relevant). Some situations such as a major car accident or a terrorist attack (including nuclear, biological, or chemical attacks) will require multiple and/or specialist services but the first point of call for reporting such incidents from the general public is still the 999 system. In some situations there will be specific instructions on nearby signs to notify some other authority of an emergency before calling 999. For example there are notices on bridges carrying railways over roads telling people that, if they see a road vehicle striking the bridge, they should call the railway authority (on a given number) first and then call 999 to inform the police.
In the UK, the number is operated by BT and Cable and Wireless for the Home Office.
History
United Kingdom
The 999 service was introduced on 30 June 1937 in the London area. 999 was chosen because of the need for the code to be able to be dialled from payphones - the old A/B button payphones. The telephone dial (GPO Dial No 11) used with these coinboxes allowed the digit '0' to be dialled without inserting any money. It was very easy to adapt the dial to dial '9' without inserting money. All other digits from 2 to 8 were in use somewhere in the UK as the initial digits for subscribers' telephone numbers and hence could not easily be used. Had any other digits been used, other digits between that one and the already free '0' would also have been able to be dialled for free. No other subscribers' telephone numbers existed using combinations of the digits '9' & '0' - other than one in Woolwich - therefore there would be no unauthorised 'free' calls. Thus the easy conversion of coinbox dial was the deciding factor and the fact that 999 was not used anywhere - other than for accessing the occasional 'position 9' of an Engineering Test Desk in the telephone exchange.The pan-European 112 code was introduced in the UK by BT in December 1992, with little publicity. It connects to existing 999 circuits.
On 6 October 1998, BT introduced a new system whereby all the information about the location of the calling telephone was transmitted electronically to the relevant service rather than reading it out audibly (with the possibility of errors).
Access to the emergency service is provided for the hearing impaired via Textphone and use of the national 'typetalk' relay service. The number now used is 18000, having previously been 0800 112999.
In May 2006 a new, non-emergency telephone number 101 was piloted in Hampshire for calls to the police which did not require an immediate police response. "[Non-emergency phone line launched]", BBC News, 14 May 2006. Retrieved 29 May 2006. It will be rolled out across England and Wales by 2008 "[Summer launch for 101 crime line]", BBC News, 8 March 2006. Retrieved 29 May 2006. and will cost 10p per call."[Non-emergency calls to cost 10p]", BBC News, 5 March 2006. Retrieved 29 May 2006. It is believed that the many non-emergency calls received through the 999 number can be more efficiently dealt with through a second number.
Hong Kong
9-9-9 was introduced to Hong Kong during British rule and continues to be used following the handover in 1997.
999 services
- Fire Service
- Ambulance
- Police
- Coastguard
- Mountain Rescue
- Cave Rescue
- Nuclear Emergency
See also
References
External link
UK
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