Abacavir
Encyclopedia : A : AB : ABA : Abacavir
Abacavir (ABC) is the most powerful nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) used to treat HIV and AIDS. It is available under the trade name Ziagen™ (GlaxoSmithKline} and the combination drugs Trizivir™(abacavir, zidovodine and lamivudine) and Kivexa®/Epzicom™(abacavir and lamivudine) . It has been well tolerated; its main side effect being hypersensitivity reactions, which can be dangerous or even (in some rare cases) fatal. Fortunately, genetic testing can indicate beforehand whether an individual will be hypersensitive; over 90% of patients can safely take abacavir.
Viral strains that are resistant to zidovudine (AZT) or lamivudine (3TC) are generally sensitive to abacavir, whereas strains that are resistant to AZT and 3TC are not as sensitive to abacavir.
History
Abacavir was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 18, 1998 and is thus the fifteenth approved antiretroviral drug in the United States. Its patent will expire in the United States on 2009-12-26.Indication
Abacavir tablets and oral solution, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, are indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.Mechanism of Action
ABC is an analog of guanosine. It is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.Abacavir is given orally and has a high bio-availability (83%). It is metabolised primarily through alcohol dehydrogenase or gluconyl transferase.
Adverse Reactions
Fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been associated with therapy with abacavir. Symptoms of hypersensitivity include fever, skin rash, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain and respiratory symptoms such as pharyngitis, dyspnea, or cough.Abacavir should always be used in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Abacavir should not be added as a single agent when antiretroviral regimens are changed due to loss of virologic response.
References
- Antiretroviral Therapy-Investigational NRTIs: HIV Clinical Management Vol. 3. Medscape Inc, 1998
- HIV Insite Antiretroviral Drug Database; UC Regents, 1999
External links
| Antivirals (ATC J05A) [http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit] | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.