The abdominal aorta and its branches.
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| colspan="2" |Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas. (Abdominal aorta labeled at bottom center.)
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|Latin
|colspan="2"|aorta abdominalis
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|[[List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy:154#Gray.27s_page_.23|Gray's]]
|colspan="2"|[subject #154 ]
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|Supplies
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|From
|colspan="2"|Descending aorta
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|To
|colspan="2"|celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
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|Vein
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|MeSH
|colspan="2"|[A07.231.114.056.205]
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|Dorlands/Elsevier
|colspan="2"|[/]
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The abdominal aorta travels down the posterior wall of the abdomen, the abdominal aorta runs on the left of the inferior vena cava, giving off major blood vessels to the gut organs and kidneys. There are many recognized variants in the vasculature of the gastrointestinal system. The most common arrangement is for the abdminal aorta is to give off (in order):
The renal arteries usually branch from the abdominal aorta in between the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery.
The aorta terminates by dividing into two branches, the left and right common iliac arteries that branch to supply blood to the lower limbs and the pelvis.
The abdominal aorta begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, in front of the lower border of the body of the last thoracic vertebra, and, descending in front of the vertebral column, ends on the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, commonly a little to the left of the middle line, by dividing into the two common iliac arteries.
It diminishes rapidly in size, in consequence of the many large branches which it gives off. As it lies upon the bodies of the vertebræ, the curve which it describes is convex forward, the summit of the convexity corresponding to the third lumbar vertebra.
Relations
The abdominal aorta is covered, anteriorly, by the lesser omentum and stomach, behind which are the branches of the celiac artery and the celiac plexus; below these, by the lienal vein, the pancreas, the left renal vein, the inferior part of the duodenum, the mesentery, and aortic plexus.
Posteriorly, it is separated from the lumbar vertebræ and intervertebral fibrocartilages by the anterior longitudinal ligament and left lumbar veins.
On the right side it is in relation above with the azygos vein, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and the right crus of the diaphragm—the last separating it from the upper part of the inferior vena cava, and from the right celiac ganglion; the inferior vena cava is in contact with the aorta below.
On the left side are the left crus of the diaphragm, the left celiac ganglion, the ascending part of the duodenum, and some coils of the small intestine.
Collateral Circulation
The collateral circulation would be carried on by the anastomoses between the internal mammary and the inferior epigastric; by the free communication between the superior and inferior mesenterics, if the ligature were placed between these vessels; or by the anastomosis between the inferior mesenteric and the internal pudendal, when (as is more common) the point of ligature is below the origin of the inferior mesenteric; and possibly by the anastomoses of the lumbar arteries with the branches of the hypogastric.
