Administrative counties of England
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Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974.
They were created by the Local Government Act 1888 and abolished by the Local Government Act 1972. They were replaced by the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England which are often referred to, somewhat incorrectly, as administrative counties.
History
The administrative counties didn't exist prior to 1888, see traditional counties of England for the history of the English counties before then.
Introduction of county councils
In 1888 the government, led by the Tory Prime Minister Lord Salisbury established county councils for all of England and Wales, covering areas known as administrative counties. Excluded from administrative counties were the county boroughs, which were what today are known as unitary authorities.
Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Suffolk, Sussex, and Yorkshire were split up for administrative purposes, following historical divisions used by the Courts of Quarter Sessions.
Additionally there was a County of London which covered the area today known as Inner London. The Isle of Wight was originally included under the administrative county of Hampshire but obtained its own county council in 1890.
In 1894 a uniform two-tier system was established, with subdivisions of the administrative counties called urban districts, rural districts and municipal boroughs. The structure was complete once the County of London was divided into metropolitan boroughs in 1900.
Some exclaves had been left untouched by the 1844 Act, but in 1894 county councils were given the power to adjust county boundaries, and most anomalies were removed in the next few years. For example the Measham area of Derbyshire was placed under the control of Leicestershire County Council in 1897.
Map 1890-1965
This map follows the usual practice of not showing county boroughs. Instead, they were included in their 'host' county. When a county borough expanded into territory of a county that wasn't the one it came from, maps often showed this as an increase in size of the county the county borough was associated with. So, for example, Bristol south of the River Avon would be shown as part of Gloucestershire rather than Somerset.Monmouthshire, not shown on the map, was reckoned among the English counties for most of this period.
The 1889 Act did not contain a list of the administrative counties: it was not until 1933 and the passing of a new Local Government Act that they were enumerated in the Act's schedule. In official legislation the suffix "shire" was generally not used: references being to (for example) "the administrative county of Bedford" or the "county council of the county of Northampton". In the case of Lancashire and Cheshire the councils were officially the "county council of the palatine county". Shropshire was always officially entitled the "county of Salop". The right of Berkshire to be described as a "royal county" was recognised by the monarch in 1958. On April 1, 1959 the administrative county of Southampton was renamed as Hampshire.
This system was the basis of the ceremonial counties used for Lieutenancy - except that Cambridgeshire, Hampshire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Suffolk and Sussex were not split for Lieutenancy. (Yorkshire, however, was).
| Structure of subnational entities in England 1899-1965 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County level: | Administrative county | Administrative county | County borough | County of London | |
| District level: | Rural district | Urban district or Municipal borough | n/a | Metropolitan borough | |
| Parish level: | Civil parish | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
Encroachment
As urbanisation increased, and suburbs were built on a scale not seen before, the urban areas surrounding various towns and cities started to cross traditional county borders. Since boroughs, urban districts, and parishes could not cross administrative county boundaries, the administrative county borders were adjusted.Examples of these include:
- Beauchief, Dore, Norton, Totley in Derbyshire, annexed by Sheffield in West Riding, in 1934
- Caversham in Oxfordshire, annexed by Reading, Berkshire, in 1911
- Little Bowden in Northamptonshire, annexed by Market Harborough, Leicestershire
- half of Tamworth, Staffordshire, historically in Warwickshire
- Winshill in Derbyshire, annexed by Burton upon Trent
- Wythenshawe in Cheshire, annexed by City of Manchester, Lancashire
- Reddish and the Heatons in Lancashire, annexed by Stockport County Borough, Cheshire
Greater London
Throughout the next century, debates took place about what should be done about local government in respect of the increasing urbanisation of the country. Proposals to expand or change county boroughs or to create larger urban counties were discussed, but nothing happened until 1963, when legislation was passed to come into effect in 1965.
The County of London was expanded and renamed Greater London, taking three of the county boroughs, more of Surrey and Kent, parts of Essex and Hertfordshire and consuming nearly all of Middlesex - the remaining parts being ceded to Surrey and Hertfordshire. Some other changes took place, such as the Soke of Peterborough and Huntingdonshire being merged into Huntingdon and Peterborough, and the merger of the original Cambridgeshire county council and the Isle of Ely county council.
Map 1965-1974
The map below is shown with the county boroughs immediately prior to 1974.
| Structure of subnational entities in England 1965-1974 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County level: | Administrative county | Administrative county | County borough | Greater London | |
| District level: | Rural district | Urban district or Municipal borough | n/a | London Borough | |
| Parish level: | Civil parish | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
Abolition
In 1974 the administrative counties were abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 and replaced with the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England.
See also
External links
- [History of the counties]
- [administrative County]
- [Celtic Frontier or County Boundary? Competing discourses of a late nineteenth century British border]
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