Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
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Grand Duke Adolphe of Luxembourg, Adolph Wilhelm August Karl Friedrich of Nassau-Weilburg (July 24, 1817 – November 17, 1905) was the last Duke of Nassau, and the fourth Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
He was a son of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau (1792 - 1839) and his first wife Charlotte Luise Friederike of Saxe-Altenburg.
Adolph became Duke of Nassau on August 30, 1839, after the death of his father. He supported the Austrian Empire in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. After Austria's defeat, Nassau was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia.
In 1890, when Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands was excluded from the succession to Luxembourg by the Salic Law, the Grand Duchy passed to the dispossessed Duke Adolphe. The Grand Dukes of Luxembourg are still descendants of Adolphe, although through female lines.
On January 31, 1844, Adolph married Elisabeth Mikhailovna, Grand Duchess of Russia, who died less than a year afterwards.
On April 23, 1851, he remarried Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, a daughter of Friedrich of Anhalt-Dessau. They had five children, of whom only two lived, becoming prince and princess of Luxembourg.
The eldest son, Guillaume (1852–1912), became Grand Duke at his father's death in 1905. His daughter, Princess Hilda Charlotte Wilhelmine (1864 - 1952), married HRH Friedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden.
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