Alain LeRoy Locke
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Alain LeRoy Locke (September 13, 1886 – June 9, 1954) was an African American educator, writer, and philosopher, and is best remembered as a leader and chief interpreter of the Harlem Renaissance.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Locke graduated from Harvard University in 1907 with a degree in philosophy. He was the first black Rhodes Scholar, studying at Oxford from 1907 to 1910, and the University of Berlin from 1910 to 1911. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard in 1918. For almost forty years, until retirement in 1953 as head of the department of philosophy, Locke taught at Howard University, in Washington, D.C. During that time, he became a distinguished member of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc.
Locke stimulated and guided artistic activities and promoted the recognition and respect of blacks by the total American community. Having studied African culture and traced its influences upon Western civilization, he urged black painters, sculptors, and musicians to look to African sources for identity and to discover materials and techniques for their work. He encouraged black authors to seek subjects in black life and to set high artistic standards for themselves. He familiarized American readers with the Harlem Renaissance by editing a special Harlem issue for Survey Graphic (March 1925), which he expanded into The New Negro (1925), an anthology of fiction, poetry, drama, and essays.
Major works
Locke edited the Bronze Booklet studies of cultural achievements by blacks. For almost two decades, he annually reviewed literature by and about blacks in and Phylon, and from 1940 until his death, he regularly wrote about blacks for the Britannica Book of the Year. His many works include:
- The New Negro (New York: Albert and Charles Boni, 1925)
- Four Negro Poets (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1927)
- Plays of Negro Life: a Source-Book of Native American Drama (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1927)
- A Decade of Negro Self-Expression (Charlottesville, VA, 1928)
- The Negro in America (Chicago: American Library Association, 1933)
- Negro Art - Past and Present (Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936)
- The Negro and His Music (Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936)
- The Negro in Art: A Pictorial Record of the Negro Artist and of the Negro Theme in Art (Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1940)
- When Peoples Meet: A Study in Race and Culture Contacts (New York: Committee on Workshops, Progressive Education Association, 1942)
Often considered a humanist who was intensely concerned with aesthetics, Locke termed his philosophy "cultural pluralism" and emphasized the necessity of determining values to guide human conduct and interrelationships. Chief among these values was respect for the uniqueness of each personality, which can develop fully and remain unique only within a democratic ethos.
Religious beliefs
Locke was a member of the Bahá'í Faith and declared his belief in Bahá'u'lláh in 1918. It was common to write to `Abdu'l-Bahá to declare one's new faith, and Locke received a letter, or "tablet", from `Abdu'l-Bahá in return. When `Abdu'l-Bahá died in 1921, Locke enjoyed a close relationship with Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith. Although we do not know how much of his philosophy was influenced by the Bahá'í Faith, one can certainly see many similarities and themes that they share. Shoghi Effendi is reported to have said to Locke, "People as you, Mr. Gregory, Dr. Esslemont and some other dear souls are as rare as diamond."
Sources
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