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<h1>Alveolar consonant</h1>
<p><a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/">Encyclopedia</a> : <a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/A">A</a> : <a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/A/AL">AL</a> : <a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/A/AL/ALV">ALV</a> : Alveolar consonant</p>
<hr />
<p>
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<table   align="right" cellpadding="1" style="width: 10em; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background-color: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 90%; margin: 0 0 10px 10px;"><tr>
<td   style="background-color: #ccccff; text-align: center;" > <strong><a href="/term/Place_of_articulation">Places of articulation</a></strong>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Labial_consonant">Labial</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_consonant">Bilabial</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Labial-velar_consonant">Labial-velar</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Labial-alveolar_consonant">Labial-alveolar</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Labiodental_consonant">Labiodental</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Coronal_consonant">Coronal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Linguolabial_consonant">Linguolabial</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Interdental_consonant">Interdental</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Dental_consonant">Dental</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_consonant">Alveolar</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Apical_consonant">Apical</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Laminal_consonant">Laminal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Postalveolar_consonant">Postalveolar</a>
</td></tr><tr  >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Alveolo-palatal_consonant">Alveolo-palatal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Retroflex_consonant">Retroflex</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Dorsal_consonant">Dorsal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Palatal_consonant">Palatal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Labial-palatal_consonant">Labial-palatal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Velar_consonant">Velar</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Uvular_consonant">Uvular</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 2em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Uvular-epiglottal_consonant">Uvular-epiglottal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Radical_consonant">Radical</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Pharyngeal_consonant">Pharyngeal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Epiglotto-pharyngeal_consonant">Epiglotto-pharyngeal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="padding-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Epiglottal_consonant">Epiglottal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="line-height: 1.2em;" > <a href="/term/Glottal_consonant">Glottal</a>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 115%; border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-top: 0.5em;" > This page contains <a href="/term/Phonetics">phonetic</a> information in <a href="/term/International_Phonetic_Alphabet">IPA</a>, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [&#091;International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Special_characters|&#091;Help&#93;&#093&#093 
</td></tr><tr >
<td   style="text-align: right; line-height: 110%;" > <small class="editlink">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Place_of_articulation?action=edit &#091;Edit&#93;&#093</small>
</table>
<strong>Alveolar consonants</strong> are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior <a href="/term/Alveolar_ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (so-called <a href="/term/Apical_consonant">apical consonant</a>s), as in English, or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called <a href="/term/Laminal_consonant">laminal consonant</a>s), as in French and Spanish. The laminal alveolar articulation is often mistakenly called <a href="/term/Dental_consonant">dental</a>, because the tip of the tongue can be seen near to or touching the teeth. However, it is the rearmost point of contact that defines the place of articulation; this is where the oral cavity ends, and it is the resonant space of the oral cavity that gives consonants and vowels their characteristic timbre. <p>

The <a href="/term/International_Phonetic_Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants. Rather, the same symbol is used for all <a href="/term/Coronal_consonant">coronal</a> places of articulation which aren't <a href="/term/Palatalization">palatalized</a> like English <a href="/term/Palato-alveolar_consonant">palato-alveolar</a> <em>sh</em>, or <a href="/term/Retroflex">retroflex</a>. To disambiguate, the <em>bridge</em> <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">(&#091;s̪, t̪, n̪, l̪&#093</span> <em>etc</em>) may be used for a dental consonant, or the <a href="/term/Retracted_(phonetics)">under-bar</a> <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">(&#091;s̠, t̠, n̠, l̠&#093</span> <em>etc</em>) may be used for the <a href="/term/Postalveolar">postalveolar</a>s. Note that <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">&#091;s̪&#093</span> differs from dental <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">&#091;θ&#093</span> in being a <a href="/term/Sibilant">sibilant</a>, while <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">&#091;s̠&#093</span> differs from postalveolar <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">&#091;ʃ&#093</span> in being unpalatalized. <p>

The bare letters <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">&#091;s, t, n, l&#093</span> <em>etc</em> cannot be assumed to specifically represent alveolars. The language may not make such distinctions, such that two or more coronal <a href="/term/Place_of_articulation">places</a> are found <a href="/term/Allophone">allophonically</a>, or the transcription may simply be too broad to distinguish dental from alveolar. If it is necessary to specify a consonant as alveolar, a diacritic from the Extended IPA may be used: <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">&#091;s͇, t͇, n͇, l͇&#093,</span> <em>etc</em>. Nontheless, the symbols <nowiki><s, t, n, l></nowiki> themselves are frequently called 'alveolar', and the language examples below are all alveolar sounds. <p>

(The Extended IPA diacritic was devised for <a href="/term/Speech_pathology">speech pathology</a> and is frequently used to mean 'alveolarized', as in the labioalveolar sounds <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">&#091;p͇, b͇, m͇, f͇, v͇&#093</span>, where the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge.)<p>

The alveolar/coronal consonants identified by the IPA are:<p>

<table   cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tr >
<th   rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"> IPA 
</th><th   rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"> Description 
</th><th   style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white" colspan="4"> Example 
</td></tr><tr >
<th   style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white">Language 
</th><th   style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white">Orthography
</th><th   style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white">IPA
</th><th   style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white">Meaning in English
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-n.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-n.png" class="image" width="17" height="16" alt="Xsampa-n.png" title="Xsampa-n.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_nasal">alveolar nasal</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/English_language">English</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">ru<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">n</font>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɹʷɐ</span><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">n</span></font>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Run">run</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-t.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-t.png" class="image" width="12" height="19" alt="Xsampa-t.png" title="Xsampa-t.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive">voiceless alveolar plosive</a> 
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/English_language">English</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">t</font>ap
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">t</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ʰæp</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Tap">tap</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-d.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-d.png" class="image" width="15" height="22" alt="Xsampa-d.png" title="Xsampa-d.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_plosive">voiced alveolar plosive</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/English_language">English</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">d</font>ebt
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">d</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɛt</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Debt">debt</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-s.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-s.png" class="image" width="12" height="17" alt="Xsampa-s.png" title="Xsampa-s.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative">voiceless alveolar fricative</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/English_language">English</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">s</font>uit
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">s</font>ut&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Suit">suit</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-z.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-z.png" class="image" width="14" height="17" alt="Xsampa-z.png" title="Xsampa-z.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_fricative">voiced alveolar fricative</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/English_language">English</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">z</font>oo
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">z</font>u&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Zoo">zoo</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ʦ</span>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate">voiceless alveolar affricate</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/German_language">German</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">z</font>eit
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">ts</font>aɪt&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Time">time</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ʣ</span>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_affricate">voiced alveolar affricate</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Italian_language">Italian</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">z</font>ucchero
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">ˈdz</font>ukkero&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Sugar">sugar</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-K2.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-K2.png" class="image" width="14" height="22" alt="Xsampa-K2.png" title="Xsampa-K2.png" /></a><p>

</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative">voiceless alveolar lateral fricative</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Welsh_language">Welsh</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">Ll</font>wyd 
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɬ</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ʊɪd</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">the name <a href="/term/Lloyd">Lloyd or Floyd</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-Kslash.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-Kslash.png" class="image" width="18" height="29" alt="Xsampa-Kslash.png" title="Xsampa-Kslash.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative">voiced alveolar lateral fricative</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Zulu_language">Zulu</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">dl</font>ala 
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ˈ</span><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɮ</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">álà</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">to play
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-rslash2.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-rslash2.png" class="image" width="13" height="16" alt="Xsampa-rslash2.png" title="Xsampa-rslash2.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_approximant">alveolar approximant</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/English_language">English</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">r</font>ed
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɹʷ</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɛd</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Red">red</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-l.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-l.png" class="image" width="10" height="23" alt="Xsampa-l.png" title="Xsampa-l.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_lateral_approximant">alveolar lateral approximant</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/English_language">English</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">l</font>oop
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">l</font>up&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Loop">loop</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-4.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-4.png" class="image" width="13" height="17" alt="Xsampa-4.png" title="Xsampa-4.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_flap">alveolar flap</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Spanish_language">Spanish</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">pe<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">r</font>o
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">pe</span><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɾ</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">o</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wiktionary|but:" target="_blank">wiktionary|but</a>&#093;
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-lslash.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-lslash.png" class="image" width="14" height="22" alt="Xsampa-lslash.png" title="Xsampa-lslash.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_lateral_flap">alveolar lateral flap</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Venda_language">Venda</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">vu</span><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɺ</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">a</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">to open
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-r.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-r.png" class="image" width="13" height="16" alt="Xsampa-r.png" title="Xsampa-r.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_trill">alveolar trill</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Spanish_language">Spanish</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">pe<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">rr</font>o
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;pe<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">r</font>o&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Dog">dog</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/IPA_alveolar_ejective.png" class="image" width="32" height="29" alt="IPA alveolar ejective.png" title="IPA alveolar ejective.png" />
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_ejective">alveolar ejective</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Georgian_language">Georgian</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">ტ</font>ი<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">ტ</font>ა
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">tʼ</span></font>i<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">tʼ</span></font>a&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">tulip
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/IPA_alveolar_ejective_fricative.png" class="image" width="32" height="29" alt="IPA alveolar ejective fricative.png" title="IPA alveolar ejective fricative.png" />
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Alveolar_ejective_fricative">alveolar ejective fricative</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-d_lessthan.png" class="image" width="19" height="23" alt="Xsampa-d lessthan.png" title="Xsampa-d lessthan.png" />
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_implosive">voiced alveolar implosive</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Vietnamese_language">Vietnamese</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold">đ</font>ã
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɗ</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ɐː</span>&#093
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">Past tense indicator
</td></tr><tr  style="height:4em">
<th   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xsampa-doublebarslash.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/70/69628/Xsampa-doublebarslash.png" class="image" width="11" height="24" alt="Xsampa-doublebarslash.png" title="Xsampa-doublebarslash.png" /></a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Lateral_alveolar_click">lateral alveolar click</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><a href="/term/Nama_language">Nama</a>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black"><font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span class="Unicode">ǁ</span></font>î
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">&#091;k<font style="color:#700000; font-weight:bold"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ǁ</span></font><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">ĩĩ&#093</span>
</td><td   style="border:1px solid black">discussed
</td></tr></table><p>

<a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a><h2>See also</h2><p>

<ul><li><a href="/term/Place_of_articulation">Place of articulation</a></li><li><a href="/term/List_of_phonetics_topics">List of phonetics topics</a></li></ul><!-- NOTE WELL!  This will not look good at all if your browser text size is set to anything above 100%. -->
<table   cellspacing=0 align="center" class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; clear:both"><tr  style="font-size: 120%; background-color: #ccccff;">
<td   align="left"  > &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><a href="/term/Consonant">Consonant</a>s</strong> (<a href="/term/List_of_consonants">List</a>, <a href="/term/Table_of_consonants">table</a>)
</td><td   align="right" > See also: <a href="/term/International_Phonetic_Alphabet">IPA</a>, <a href="/term/Vowel">Vowel</a>s&nbsp;&nbsp;
</td></tr><tr  style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;">
<td   colspan=2 >
<table   align=center cellspacing=0 style="background: transparent; width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: small;"><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em;" > <strong>Pulmonics</strong>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_consonant">Bilabial</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Labiodental_consonant">Lab'den.</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Dental_consonant">Dental</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_consonant">Alveolar</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Postalveolar_consonant">Postalv.</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Retroflex_consonant">Retroflex</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Palatal_consonant">Palatal</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Velar_consonant">Velar</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Uvular_consonant">Uvular</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Pharyngeal_consonant">Pharyn.</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Epiglottal_consonant">Epiglottal</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em;" > <a href="/term/Glottal_consonant">Glottal</a>
</td><td   style="width: 6em;" > &nbsp;
</td><td   colspan=7 style="width: 15em;" > <strong>Non-pulmonics and other symbols</strong>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > <a href="/term/Nasal_consonant">Nasals</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Labiodental_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Retroflex_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Palatal_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Velar_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Uvular_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" > &nbsp;<a href="/term/Click_consonant">Clicks</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_click">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Dental_click">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Postalveolar_click">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Palatal_click">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Lateral_alveolar_click">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > <a href="/term/Plosive_consonant">Plosives</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_bilabial_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_labiodental_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_retroflex_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_palatal_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_palatal_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_velar_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_velar_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_uvular_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_uvular_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" colspan=2 > <a href="/term/Epiglottal_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Glottal_stop">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" > &nbsp;<a href="/term/Implosive_consonant">Implo&#173;­sives</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_bilabial_implosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_implosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_palatal_implosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_velar_implosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_uvular_implosive">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > <a href="/term/Fricative_consonant">Fricatives</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_bilabial_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_labiodental_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_dental_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_dental_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_retroflex_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_palatal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_palatal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_velar_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_velar_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_uvular_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 > <a href="/term/Voiced_uvular_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 > <a href="/term/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_epiglottal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 > <a href="/term/Voiced_epiglottal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_glottal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_glottal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" > &nbsp;<a href="/term/Ejective_consonant">Ejec&#173;­tives</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_ejective">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_ejective">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Velar_ejective">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Uvular_ejective">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_ejective_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="/term/Approximant_consonant">Approximants</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Labiodental_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Retroflex_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Palatal_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Velar_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" >
</td><td   colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" > <a href="/term/Lateral_consonant">Other laterals</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_lateral_flap">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > <a href="/term/Trill_consonant">Trills</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_trill">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_trill">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Retroflex_trill">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" >
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Uvular_trill">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Epiglottal_trill">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" >
</td><td   colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" > <a href="/term/Co-articulated_consonant">Co-articulated</a> <a href="/term/Approximant_consonant">approximants</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_labiovelar_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_labial-velar_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Labial-palatal_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > <a href="/term/Flap_consonant">Flaps & Taps</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Bilabial_flap">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Labiodental_flap">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_tap">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Retroflex_flap">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" >
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Epiglottal_flap">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   colspan=4 style="width: *; font-size: xx-small; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right;" > <a href="/term/Co-articulated_consonant">Co-articulated</a> <a href="/term/Fricative_consonant">fricatives</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_palatal-velar_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > <a href="/term/Lateral_consonant">Lat.</a> <a href="/term/Fricative_consonant">Fricatives</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" >
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" >
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 3em; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" > 
</td><td   style="width: *;" >
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" > <a href="/term/Affricate_consonant">Affricates</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_alveolar_affricate">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr><tr  style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;">
<td   style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" > <a href="/term/Lateral_consonant">Lat.</a> <a href="/term/Approximant_consonant">Appr'mants</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Alveolar_lateral_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Retroflex_lateral_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Palatal_lateral_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Velar_lateral_approximant">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" > 
</td><td   style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" >
</td><td   colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" > <a href="/term/Co-articulated_consonant">Co-articulated</a> <a href="/term/Stop_consonant">stops</a>&nbsp;
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiceless_labial-velar_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Voiced_labial-velar_plosive">{{IPA</a>
</td><td   colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border: 1px solid;" > <a href="/term/Labial-velar_nasal">{{IPA</a>
</td></tr></table>
<tr  style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center; line-height: 1.25em;">
<td   colspan=2 style="vertical-align: bottom;" > This page contains <a href="/term/Phonetic">phonetic</a> information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. &#091;Help&#093<br>Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a <a href="/term/Voiced_consonant">voiced consonant</a>.  Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.
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