Analogy (biology)

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Two structures in biology are said to be analogous if they perform the same or similar function by a similar mechanism. For example, the wings of insects and the wings of birds. These similar structures may have evolved through different pathways, a process known as convergent evolution, or may be homologous.

The concept of analogy is contrasted with that of homology, which refers to two structures that share a common ancestor. They may retain the function of the common ancestor, or they may have evolved to fulfil quite distinct functions; for example, the wings of birds versus the forelimbs of mammals.

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