Angela Carter

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Angela Carter

Angela Carter (May 8, 1940[link] – February 16, 1992) was an English novelist and journalist, known for her post-feminist magical realist and science fiction works.

Born Angela Olive Stalker in Eastbourne, in 1940, Carter was evacuated as a child to live in Yorkshire to stay with her maternal grandmother. As a teenager she battled anorexia. She at first worked as a journalist on the Croydon Advertiser following in the footsteps of her father who was also a journalist. Carter attended the University of Bristol where she studied English literature.

Carter’s writings show the influence of her mother who was a great literary influence on her daughter. This influence can be seen in her novel Wise Children that is notable for its many Shakespearean references. Carter was also interested in reappropriating writings by male authors such as the Marquis de Sade (see her feminist polemic The Sadeian Woman) and Charles Baudelaire (see her short story 'Black Venus'), amongst other literary forefathers. But she as also fascinated by the matriarchal oral story telling tradition, rewriting several fairy tales for her short story collection The Bloody Chamber, including Little Red Riding Hood.

She married twice, the first time in 1960 to a man named Paul Carter. They divorced after twelve years. In 1969 Angela Carter used the proceeds of her Somerset Maugham Award to leave her husband and travel to Japan, living in Tokyo for two years, where she claims, she ‘learnt what it is to be a woman and became radicalised’ (Nothing Sacred (1982)). She wrote about her experiences there in articles for New Society and a collection of short stories, Fireworks (1974), and evidence of her experiences in Japan can also be seen in The Infernal Desires Machines of Doctor Hoffman (1972). She was there at the same time as Roland Barthes who published his experiences in Empire of Signs (1970).

She then explored the United States, Asia and Europe helped by her fluency in two European languages, French and German. She spent much of the late 1970s and 1980s as a writer in residence at universities, including the University of Sheffield, Brown University, the University of Adelaide and the University of East Anglia. In 1977 Carter married again to her second husband Mark Pearce.

As well as being a prolific writer of fiction, Carter also contributed many articles to The Guardian, The Independent and New Statesman, collected in Shaking a Leg. She also wrote for radio, adapting a number of her short stories for the medium, and two original radio dramas on Richard Dadd and Ronald Firbank. Two of her fictions have been adapted for the silver screen, The Company of Wolves (1984) and The Magic Toyshop (1987). She was actively involved in the adaptation of both films, the screenplays for which are collected in The Curious Room, together with her radioplay scripts, a libretto for an opera of Virginia Woolf's Orlando and an unproduced screenplay entitled The Christchurch Murders based on the same true story as Peter Jackson's Heavenly Creatures. These neglected works are discussed in Charlotte Crofts' book Anagrams of Desire (2003).

Angela Carter died aged 51 in 1992 after developing cancer. Below is an extract from her obituary published in the Observer:

“She was the opposite of parochial. Nothing, for her, was outside the pale: she wanted to know about everything and everyone, and every place and every word. She relished life and language hugely, and revelled in the diverse”

Contents

1 Works As Author

1.1 Novels
1.2 Short Fiction
1.3 Dramatic Works
1.4 Children's Books
1.5 Non-fiction

2 Works As Editor
3 References
4 External links

Works As Author

Novels

Shadow Dance (1966) aka Honeybuzzard

The Magic Toyshop (1967)

Several Perceptions (1968)

Heroes and Villains (1969)

Love (1971)

The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman (1972) aka The War of Dreams

The Passion of New Eve (1977)

Nights at the Circus (1984)

Wise Children (1991)

Short Fiction

Fireworks: Nine Profane Pieces (1970)

The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories (1979)

Black Venus (also known as Saints and Strangers) (1985)

American Ghosts and Old World Wonders (1993)

Burning Your Boats: The Collected Short Stories (1995)

Dramatic Works

Come Unto These Golden Sands: Four Radio Plays (1985)

The Curious Room: Plays, Film Scripts and an Opera (1996) (includes Carter's screenplays for adaptations of The Company of Wolves and The Magic Toyshop; also includes the contents of Come Unto These Golden Sands: Four Radio Plays)

Children's Books

The Donkey Prince (1970)

Miss Z, the Dark Young Lady (1970)

Comic and Curious Cats (1979)

The Music People (1980)

Moonshadow (1982)

Sleeping Beauty and Other Favourite Fairy Tales (1982)

Sea-Cat and Dragon King (2000)

Non-fiction

The Sadeian Woman and the Ideology of Pornography (1978)

Nothing Sacred: Selected Writings (1982)

Expletives Deleted: Selected Writings (1992)

Shaking a Leg: Collected Journalism and Writing (1997)

Works As Editor

Wayward Girls and Wicked Women: An Anthology of Subversive Stories (1986)
The Virago Book of Fairy Tales (1990) (also known as The Old Wives' Fairy Tale Book)
The Second Virago Book of Fairy Tales (1992) (also known as Strange Things Still Sometimes Happen: Fairy Tales From Around the World) (1993)
Angela Carter's Book of Fairy Tales (2005)

References

Ackroyd, Peter (1984), ‘The Dark Forest’, Spectator, 29 September, 33-4.

Alexander, Flora (1989), Contemporary Women Novelists, London: Edward Arnold, 61-75.

Alexander, Marguerite (1990), Flights from Realism: Themes and Strategies in Postmodernist British and American Fiction, London: Edward Arnold.

Almansi, Guido (1994), ‘In the Alchemist’s Cave: Radio Plays’ in Sage (ed.), 216-229.

Altevers, Nanette (1994), ‘Gender Matters in The Sadeian Woman’, The Review of Contemporary Fiction, 14:3, Autumn, 18-23.

Anwell, Maggie (1988), ‘Lolita Meets the Werewolf: The Company of Wolves’ in Gamman and Marshment (eds), 76-85.

Atwood, Margaret (1992), ‘Magic Token Through the Dark Forest’, Observer, 23 February, 61.

Atwood, Margaret (1994), ‘Running with the Tigers’ in Sage (ed.), 117-135.

Bacchilega, Cristina (1988), ‘Cracking the Mirror: Three Revisions of Snow White’, Boundary, 2, 15:16, Spring/Autumn, 1-25.

Bailey, Paul (1992), Interview with Angela Carter, Third Ear, Radio 3, 7 April.

Baron, Saskia (1987), ‘Toying with Fantasies’, The Independent, 31 July, 26.

Barthes, Roland [1957] (1993), Mythologies, London: Vintage.

Barthes, Roland (1970), trans Richard Howard (1982), Empire of Signs, New York: Hill and Wang.

Bayley, John (1992), ‘Fighting for the Crown’, The New York Review of Books, 23 April, 9-11.

Bradfield, Scot (1994), ‘Remembering Angela Carter’, The Review of Contemporary Fiction, 14:3, Autumn, 90-93.

Brophy, Philip (1986), ‘Horrality - the Textuality of Contemporary Horror Films’, Screen, 27:1, January-February, 2-13.

Bunbury, Stephanie (1987), ‘The Write Stuff’, Cinema Papers, September, 37-8.

Bell, Michael (1992), ‘Narration as Action: Goethe’s “Bekenntnisse Einer Schonen Seele” and Angela Carter’s Nights at the Circus’, German Life and Letters, 45, January, 16-32.

Bennett, Catherine (1995), ‘Hype and Heritage’, Guardian, 22 September, 2-4.

Berry, Philippa (1994), ‘The Burning Glass: Paradoxes of Feminist Revelation in Speculum’ in Burke, Schor and Whitford (eds), 229-46.

Bristow, Joseph and Trev Lynn Broughton (eds) (1997), The Infernal Desires of Angela Carter: Fiction, Femininity, Feminism, Essex: Longman.

Britzolakis, Christina (1995), ‘Angela Carter’s Fetishism’, Textual Practice, 9:3, 459-76.

Brooks, Richard and Peter Beaumont, Observer, 1 December 1991, 3.

Bryant, Sylvia (1990), ‘Re-constructing Oedipus Through “Beauty and the Beast”’, Criticisms: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, 31:4, Autumn, 439-53.

Callil, Carmen (1992), ‘Flying Jewellery’, Sunday Times, Section 7, 23 February, 6.

Callil, Carmen and Lorna Sage (1993), ‘In Praise of Angela Carter’, talk at Cheltenham Festival, 16 October.

Cameron, Deborah (ed.) (1990), The Feminist Critique of Language: A Reader, London and New York: Routledge.

Campbell-Dixon, Anne (1987), ‘Mae West Would Have Approved’, Daily Telegraph, 31 July.

Cartmell, Deborah, I. Q. Hunter, Heidi Kaye and Imelda Whelehan (eds) (1996), Pulping Fictions: Consuming Culture Across the Literature/Media Divide, London and Chicago: Pluto Press.

Cartmell, Deborah, I. Q. Hunter, Heidi Kaye and Imelda Whelehan (eds) (1998), Sisterhoods: Across the Literature/Media Divide, London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press.

Castell, David (1984), Review of The Company of Wolves, Daily Telegraph, November, quoted in Anwell (1988).

Cholodenko, Alan (ed.) (1991), The Illusion of Life: Essays on Animation, Sydney: Power Publications.

Clapp, Susannah (1991), ‘On Madness, Men and Fairy-tales’, Independent on Sunday Review Supplement, 9 June, 26.

Clark, Robert (1987), ‘Angela Carter’s Desire Machine’, Women’s Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14:2, 147-61.

Collick, John (1991), ‘Wolves Through the Window: Writing Dreams / Dreaming Films / Filming Dreams’, Critical Survey, 3:3, 283-9.

Coover, Robert (1994), ‘A Passionate Remembrance’, The Review of Contemporary Fiction, 14: 3, Fall, 9.

Cranny-Francis, Anne (1990), Feminist Fiction: Feminist Uses of Generic Fiction, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Crofts, Charlotte (1996), ‘Mirage Bombardment’, Times Literary Supplement, 8 November, 34.

Crofts, Charlotte (1998), ‘Curiously Downbeat Hybrid or Radical Retelling?: Neil Jordan’s and Angela Carter’s The Company of Wolves ’ in Cartmell, Hunter, Kaye and Whelehan (eds) (1998), 48-63.

Crofts, Charlotte (2003), Anagrams of Desire: Angela Carter's Writing for Radio, Film and Television (Manchester: Manchester University Press).

Crofts, Charlotte (2006), ‘“The Other of the Other”: Angela Carter’s “New-Fangled” Orientalism’ in Rebecca Munfod (ed.) Revising Angela Carter: Texts / Intertexts / Contexts (London: Palgrave Macmillan), 87-110.

Cunningham, Valentine (1995), ‘Roll Up for the Necrophiliacs’ Party’, Observer, 19 February, 17.

Day, Aidan (1998), Angela Carter: The Rational Glass, Manchester and New York, Manchester University Press.

Dearman, Glyn (1992), Angela Carter Obituary, Times, 20 February.

Donelly, Frances (1987), ‘Edinburgh by Carter and Son’, Observer, 15-21 August, 85.

Duncker, Patricia (1984), ‘Re-imagining the Fairy Tales: Angela Carter’s Bloody Chambers’, Literature and History, 10:1, Spring, 3-14.

Engstrom, John (1988), ‘Bewitching Wit’, Boston Globe, 28 October, 51-62.

Erens, Patricia (ed.) (1990), Issues in Feminist Film Criticism, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

Evans, Kim and Angela Carter (1992), Post production script of Angela Carter’s Curious Room, Omnibus, BBC Music and Arts Department archive, part published as ‘The Granada, Tooting’ in Carter (1997), 400.

Fernihough, Anne (1997), ‘“Is She Fact or Is She Fiction?”: Angela Carter and the Enigma of Woman’, Textual Practice, 11:1, 89-107.

Ferrell, Robyn (1991), ‘Life-threatening Life: Angela Carter and the Uncanny’ in Cholodenko (ed.), 131-44.

Fisher, Susan (2001), 'The Mirror of the East: Angela Carter and Japan' in Susan Fisher (ed.), Nostalgic Journeys: Literary Pilgrammages Between Japan and the West, Vancouver: Institute for Asian Reseach, University of British Columbia, 165-74.

Forgan, Liz (1991), ‘Sacred Cows on C4’, Times, 5 December.

French, Philip (1984), ‘Rosaleen and the Wolves’, Observer, 23 September, 9.

Gallop, Jane (1982), Feminism and Psychoanalysis: The Daughter’s Seduction, London: Macmillan, 58.

Gamble, Sarah (1997), Angela Carter: Writing From the Front Line, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Gamman, Lorraine and Margaret Marshment (eds) (1988), The Female Gaze: Women as Viewers of Popular Culture, London: Women’s Press.

Gerrard, Nicci (1989), Into the Mainstream: How Feminism Has Changed Women’s Writing, London: Pandora.

Gibbs, Jeanne K. (1992), ‘Wise Children’, The Review of Contemporary Fiction, 12, Summer, 195-6.

Goldsworthy, Kerryn (1985), ‘Angela Carter’, Meanjin, 44:1, 4-13.

Gorra, Michael (1987), ‘Saints and Strangers’, The Hudson Review, 40, Spring, 136-48.

Gray, John (1997), ‘Time to Get Rid of the Crime of Blasphemy’, Daily Telegraph, 12 August.

Grossman, Michele (1988), ‘“Born to Bleed”: Myth, Pornography and Romance in Angela Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber”’, The Minnesota Review, 30/31, Spring, 148-60.

Haase, Donald P. (1990), ‘Is Seeing Believing?: Proverbs and the Film Adaptation of a Fairy Tale’, Proverbium, 7, 89-104.

Haffenden, John (1985), Novelists in Interview, London: Methuen, 76-96.

Hanson, Clare (1988), ‘Each Other: Images of Otherness in the Short Fiction of Doris Lessing, Jean Rhys and Angela Carter’, Journal of the Short Story in English, 10, Spring, 67-82.

Hanson, Clare (ed.) (1989), Re-reading the Short Story, London: Macmillan.

Herbert, Hugh (1991), ‘A Slice of the Action that Was Pie in the Sky’, Guardian, 4 December, 34.

Hill, Joanne (1987), ‘Dream Machines’, City Life, 9-23 October, 12.

Holden, Kate (1985), ‘Women’s Writing and the Carnivalesque’, Literature Teaching Politics, 4, 5-15.

Johnstone, Iain (1984), ‘Old Wolves’ Tales’, Sunday Times, 23 September, 55.

Jordan, Elaine (1990), ‘Enthralment: Angela Carter’s Speculative Fictions’ in Linda Anderson (ed.), Plotting Change: Contemporary Women’s Fiction, London: Edward Arnold, 19-40.

Jordan, Elaine (1992), ‘The Dangers of Angela Carter’ in Isobel Armstrong (ed.), New Feminist Discourses, London: Routledge, 119-31.

Jordan, Elaine (1994), ‘The Dangerous Edge’ in Sage (ed.), 189-215.

Kappeler, Susanne (1986), The Pornography of Representation, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Katsavos, Anna (1994), ‘An Interview with Angela Carter’ in The Review of Contemporary Fiction, 14:3, Autumn, 11-17.

Kearns, George (1989), ‘History and Games’, The Hudson Review, 42:2, Summer, 335-44.

Keenan, Sally (1997), ‘Angela Carter’s The Sadeian Woman: Feminism as Treason’ in Bristow and Broughton (eds), 132-148.

Kemp, Peter (1991), ‘Magical History Tour’, Sunday Times, Section 6, 9 June, 6-7.

Kenyon, Olga (1988), Women Novelists Today: A Survey of English Writing in the Seventies and Eighties, Brighton: Harvester.

Landon, Brooks (1986), ‘Eve at the End of the World: Sexuality and the Reversal of Expectations in Novels by Joanna Russ, Angela Carter and Thomas Berger’ in Donald Palumbo (ed.), Erotic Universe: Sexuality and Fantastic Literature, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 61-74.

Laye, Mike (1986), ‘Flights of Fancy in Balham’, Observer, 9 November.

Lee, Hermione (1992), ‘Angela Carter’s Profane Pleasures’, Times Literary Supplement, 19 June, 5-6.

Lee, Hermione (1994), ‘“A Room of One’s Own” or a Bloody Chamber?: Angela Carter and Political Correctness’ in Sage (ed.), 308-320.

Lewallen, Avis (1988), ‘Wayward Girls But Wicked Women?: Female sexuality in Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber’ in Gary Day and Clive Bloom (eds), Perspectives on Pornography: Sexuality in Film and Literature, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 144-58.

Lokke, Kari E. (1988), ‘Bluebeard and The Bloody Chamber: the Grotesque of Self-parody and Self-assertion’, Frontiers: A Journal of Women’s Studies, 10:1, 7-12.

Magrs, Paul (1997), ‘Boys Keep Swinging: Angela Carter and the Subject of Men’ in Bristow and Broughton (eds), 184-197.

Makinen, Merja (1992), ‘Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber and the Decolonization of Feminine Sexuality’, Feminist Review, 42, Autumn, 2-15.

Malcolm, Derek (1984), ‘A Furry Tale for Grown-ups’, Guardian, 20 September, 11.

Mansfield, Paul (1990), ‘Tell-tale Sisters’, Guardian, 25 October, 32.

Mars-Jones, Adam (1984a), ‘Nights at the Circus’, Times Literary Supplement, 28 September, 1083.

Mars-Jones, Adam (1984b), Writers in Conversation, London: ICA Video.

Matus, Jill (1991), ‘Blonde, Black and Hottentot Venus: Context and Critique in Angela Carter’s Black Venus’, Studies in Short Fiction, 28, Autumn, 467-76.

McAsh, Iain F. (1984), ‘Wolves at the Palace’, Films, 4:9, September, 5.

McDowell, Margaret B. (1986), ‘Angela Carter’ in Contemporary Novelists, London: St James Press, 173-75.

McEwan, Ian (1984), ‘Sweet Smell of Excess’, Sunday Times Magazine, 9 September, 42-4.

McHale, Brian (1987), Postmodernist Fiction, New York: Methuen.

Mckee Charnas, Suzy (1990), ‘Boobs’ in Tuttle (ed.), 18-38.

Michael, Magali Cornier (1994), ‘Angela Carter’s Nights at the Circus: an Engaged Feminism Via Subversive Postmodern Strategies’, Contemporary Literature, 35, Autumn, 492-521.

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Mortimer, John (1982), ‘The Stylish Prime of Miss Carter,’ Sunday Times, 24 January, 36.

Moyes, Jojo (1997), ‘Pregnant With Meaning - or a Slight on Motherhood?’, Independent, 11 September, 3.

Müller, Anja (1997), Angela Carter: Identity Constructed / Deconstructed, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.

Mulvey, Laura (1994), ‘Cinema Magic and the Old Monsters: Angela Carter’s Cinema’ in Sage (ed.), 230-42.

Neale, Catherine (1996), ‘Pleasure and Interpretation: Film Adaptations of Angela Carter’s Fiction’ in Cartmell, Hunter, Kaye, Whelehan (eds), 99-109.

Geraldine O’Brien (1987), ‘Putting Pen to Celluloid’, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 September.

O’Brien, John (ed.) (1994), The Review of Contemporary Fiction, 14:3, Autumn.

O’Day, Marc (1994), ‘Mutability is Having a Field Day: The Sixties Aura of Angela Carter’s Bristol Trilogy’ in Sage (ed.), 24-59.

Orodenker, Richard (1983), ‘Fireworks: Nine Story-tellers’, The North American Review, 268:1, March, 68-72.

Palmer, Paulina (1987), ‘From “Coded Mannequin” to Bird Woman: Angela Carter’s Magic Flight’ in Roe (ed.), 177-205.

Palmer, Paulina (1989), Contemporary Women’s Fiction: Narrative Practice and Feminist Theory, Jackson: University of Mississippi.

Palmer, Paulina (1997), ‘Gender as Performance in the Fiction of Angela Carter and Margaret Atwood’ in Bristow and Broughton (eds), 24-42.

Parente, William (1984), ‘Haunting tales from the forest’, The Scotsman, 22 September, 6.

Paterson, Moira (1986), ‘Flights of Fancy in Balham: Filming The Magic Toyshop’, Observer Magazine, 9 November, 42-3, 45.

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Punter, David (1984), ‘Angela Carter: Supersessions of the Masculine’, Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction, 25:4, 209-22.

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Rowe, Karen E. (1986), ‘Feminism and Fairy Tales’ in Zipes (ed.), 209-26.

Sage, Lorna (1973), ‘Angela Carter’ in Jay L. Halio (ed.), Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume. 14: British Novelists Since 1960, Detroit, Michigan: Bruccoli Clark, 205-12.

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Sage, Lorna (1992), Women in The House of Fiction, London: Macmillan.

Sage, Lorna (1994), Angela Carter: Writers and Their Work, Plymouth: Northcote House.

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Schmidt, Ricarda (1989), ‘The Journey of the Subject in Angela Carter’s Fiction’, Textual Practice, 3:1, Spring, 56-75.

Sheets, Robin Ann (1991), ‘Pornography, Fairy Tales, and Feminism: Angela Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber’ in Tucker (1998), 96-118.

Sebastyen, Amanda (1987), ‘The Mannerist Marketplace’, New Socialist, March, 34-9.

Smith, Anne (1985), ‘Myths and the Erotic’, Women’s Review, 1, November, 28-9.

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Smith, Joan (1997), Introduction to Carter (1997), xii-iv.

Snitow, Ann (1989), ‘Angela Carter: Wild Thing’, The Village Voice Literary Supplement, June, 14-17.

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Sutton, Paul and Anne White (1997), ‘Framing the Text: in The Company of Wolves’, ManuScript, 2:1, Summer, 27-38.

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Turner, Rory P. B. (1987), ‘Subjects and Symbols: Transformations of Identity in Nights at the Circus’, Folklore Forum, 20:1/2, 39-60.

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Warner, Marina (1994), From the Beast to the Blonde: on Fairy Tales and Their Tellers, London: Chatto and Windus.

Waugh, Patricia (1986), ‘Winged Women and Werewolves: How Do We Read Angela Carter?’, Ideas and Production: A Journal in the History of Ideas, 4, 87-98.

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Wisker, Gina (1984), ‘Woman Writer, Woman Reader, Male Institution: the Experience of a Contemporary Women’s Writing Seminar’, Literature Teaching Politics, 3, 18-31.

Wisker, Gina (1997), ‘The Revenge of the Living Doll: Angela Carter’s Horror Writing’ in Bristow et al (eds), 116-31.

Zipes, Jack (1983), The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood: Versions of the Tale in Sociocultural Context, London: Heinemann.

External links

[IMDB]
[Angela Carter Unofficial Web Site]
[The Scriptorium: Angela Carter], by Jeff VanderMeer
[A Very Good Wizard, a Very Dear Friend], a remembrance by Salman Rushdie
[Angela Carter] biography and selected bibliography
[] at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
[Angela Carter Timeline]

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