Antonov A-40
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The Antonov A-40 Krylya Tanka ("tank wings") was a Soviet attempt to allow a tank to glide into a battlefield after being towed aloft by an airplane, to support airborne forces or partisans. A prototype was built and tested in 1942, but was found to be unworkable. This vehicle is sometimes called the A-40T or KT.
Instead of loading light tanks onto gliders, as other nations had done, Soviet airborne forces had strapped T-27 tankettes underneath heavy bombers and landed them on airfields. In the 1930s there were experimental efforts to parachute tanks or simply drop them into water. During the 1940 occupation of Bessarabia, light tanks may have been dropped from a few metres by TB-3 bombers, to roll to a stop with the clutch in neutral.
The biggest problem with air-dropping vehicles is that their crews drop separately, and may be delayed or prevented from bringing them into action. Gliders allow crews to arrive at the drop zone along with their vehicles. They also minimize exposure of the valuable towing aircraft, which needn't appear over the battlefield. So the Soviet Air Force ordered Oleg Antonov to design a glider for landing tanks.
Antonov was more ambitious, and instead added a detachable cradle to a T-60 light tank, bearing large wood and fabric biplane wings and twin tail. Such a tank could glide into the battlefield, drop its wings, and be ready to fight within minutes.
One T-60 was converted into a glider in 1942, intended to be towed by a Petlyakov Pe-8 or Tupolev TB-3. The tank was lightened for air use by removing armament, ammunition, headlights and leaving a very limited amount of fuel. Even with the modifications, the TB-3 bomber had to ditch the glider during its only flight to avoid crashing, due to the T-60's extreme drag (although the tank reportedly glided smoothly). The T-60 landed on a field near the airdrome, and after dropping the glider wings and tail, the driver returned it to its base. Due to the lack of sufficiently-powerful aircraft to tow it at the required 160 km/h, the project was abandoned.
The Soviet Union continued to develop methods to efficiently deploy airborne vehicles. By the mid-1970s they were able to para-drop BMD-1 fighting vehicles with crew members aboard.
See also
- General Aircraft Hamilcar, a military glider of the period capable of carrying light tanks.
- Messerschmitt Me 321 and Junkers Ju 322, German gliders designed to be capable of carrying light armored vehicles.
- The T-80 and T-84 have also been nicknamed Flying Tank for their speed
References
External links
- [T-60 modifications] at battlefield.ru
- [Antonov KT flying tank] at unrealaircraft.com
- [KT-40 flying tank] at the Russian Aviation Page
- [Krylja Tanka], illustrated page in Lithuanian
| Soviet Armored fighting vehicles of World War II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Light tanks | Fast tanks | Amphibious tanks | |
| T-26 | T-50 | T-60 | T-70 | T-80 | BT-5 | BT-7 | BT-8 | T-37 | T-38 | T-40 | |
| Tankettes | Medium tanks | Heavy tanks | |
| T-27 | T-28 | T-34 | T-44 | T-35 | KV-1 | KV-2 | IS-2 | IS-3 | |
| Self-propelled guns | Anti-aircraft | ||
| ZiS-30 | SU-5 | SU-76 | SU-85 | SU-100 | SU-122 | SU-152 | ISU-122 | ISU-152 | T-60Z | T-70Z | T-90 | ||
| Armored tractors | Improvised AFVs | Experimental | |
| T-26T | Komsomolets | KhTZ-16 | IZ | NI | SU-14 | A-40 flying tank | SU-100Y | PPG | |
| Armored cars | |||
| D-8 | D-12 | D-13 | FAI | BA-10 | BA-11 | BA-20 | BA-21 | BA-3 | BA-6 | BA-27 | BA-64 | BA-I | LB-62 | LB-23 | |||
| Amphibious AC | Half-tracked AC | Aerosans
| |
| PB-4 | PB-7 | BAD-2 | BA-30 | ANT-IV | NKL-16 | NKL-26 | RF-8 | ASD-400 | |
| Soviet armored fighting vehicle production during World War II | |||
| List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II | |||
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