April 14
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Events
- 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum. Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, who is killed.
- 69 - Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne.
- 1028 - Henry III, son of Conrad, is elected king of the Germans.
- 1205 - Battle of Adrianople between Bulgars and Crusaders.
- 1471 - In England, the Yorkists under Edward IV defeat the Lancastrians under Warwick at the battle of Barnet; the Earl of Warwick is killed and Edward IV resumes the throne.
- 1632 - Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
- 1699 - Khalsa. Birth of Khalsa, the brotherhood of the Sikh religion, in Northern India in accordance with the Nanakshahi Calender.
- 1775 - The first abolition society in the North America is established. The "Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage" is organized in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush.
- 1828 - Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary.
- 1831 - Soldiers marching on a bridge in Manchester, England cause it to collapse.
- 1846 - The Donner Party of pioneers departs Springfield, Illinois, for California, on what will become a year-long journey of hardship, cannibalism, and survival.
- 1849 - Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Louis Kossuth as its leader.
- 1860 - The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.
- 1864 - Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig. Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement.
- 1865 - President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth; he dies the next day.
- 1881 - Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight erupted and abruptly ended on El Paso Street when the newly appointed town marshal, Dallas Stoudenmire, involuntarily became the main participant and in just five seconds, four men laid dead. This permanently changed El Paso's history when the marshal quickly civilized the town by law and terror.
- 1890 - The Pan-American Union is founded by the First International Conference of American States at their meeting in Washington. Known originally as the International Bureau of American Republics, William Elleroy Curtis becomes its first director.
- 1894 - Thomas Edison demonstrates the kinetoscope, a device for peep-show viewing using photographs that flip in sequence, a precursor to movies.
- 1912 - The British ocean liner RMS Titanic strikes an iceberg in the North Atlantic on its maiden voyage, plunging beneath the waves and taking with it over 1,500 lives at about 2:20 a.m. the following morning.
- 1915 - The Turks invade Armenia.
- 1927 - The first Volvo car premieres, in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 1931 - Spanish Cortes deposes King Alfonso XIII and proclaims the 2nd Spanish Republic.
- 1935 - "Black Sunday", the worst dust storm of the Dust Bowl.
- 1935 - Babe Ruth plays his first National League game in Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts. In this year - his last year of pro ball in the major leagues - he is playing for the Boston Braves, not his old team the Red Sox. In this season, Ruth plays 28 games, getting 13 hits and six home runs, before retiring.
- 1940 - Royal Marines land in Namsos, Norway, occupying key points, preparatory to a larger force arriving two days later.
- 1941 - World War II: The Ustashe, a Croatian far-right organisation that pursued Nazi and fascist policies, is put in charge of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis Powers after the April 6 invasion of Yugoslavia during Operation Castigo.
- 1944 - Huge explosion rocks the Bombay harbour killing 300 and causing a loss of 20 million pounds at that time. See: Bombay Explosion (1944).
- 1945 - Osijek, Croatia, is liberated from fascistic occupation.
- 1956 - Videotape is first demonstrated at the 1956 NARTB (now NAB) convention in Chicago, Illinois. It is the demonstration of the first practical and commercially successful format called 2" Quadruplex.
- 1958 - The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 falls from orbit after a mission duration of 162 days.
- 1962 - Georges Pompidou becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1964 - A Delta rocket's third-stage motor prematurely ignites in an assembly room at Cape Canaveral, killing 3.
- 1968 - At the Academy Awards, a tie between Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand results in the two sharing the Best Actress Oscar; Hepburn also becomes the only actress to win three Best Actress Oscars.
- 1970 - One of Apollo 13's oxygen tanks explodes, causing a cancelled moon mission. The explosion occurrs on April 13th in several time zones.
- 1986 - In retaliation for the April 5 bombing of the La Belle Discotheque in West Berlin in which two U.S. servicemen were killed, Ronald Reagan orders major bombing raids against Tripoli and Benghazi, in Libya, which kills 60 people.
- 1986 - 2.2 lb (1 kg) hailstones fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92. These are the heaviest hailstones ever recorded.
- 1988 - USS Samuel B. Roberts strikes a mine in the Persian Gulf during Operation Earnest Will. U.S. retaliates against Iran on April 18 with Operation Praying Mantis, the world's largest naval battle since World War II.
- 2003 - Human Genome Project successfully completed with 99% of the human genome sequenced to 99.99% accuracy.
Births
- 1336 - Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan (d. 1374)
- 1572 - Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1632)
- 1578 - King Philip III of Spain (d. 1621)
- 1629 - Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician & astronomer (d. 1695)
- 1714 - Adam Gib, Scottish religious leader (d. 1788)
- 1741 - Emperor Momozono of Japan (d. 1762)
- 1773 - Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph, comte de Villèle, French statesman (d. 1854)
- 1788 - David G. Burnet, interim president of the Republic of Texas (d. 1870)
- 1827 - Augustus Pitt-Rivers, English archaeologist (d. 1900)
- 1866 - Anne Sullivan, Helen Keller's teacher (d. 1936)
- 1868 - Peter Behrens, German architect and designer (d. 1940)
- 1870 - Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (d. 1905)
- 1872 - Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Islamic scholar and translator (d. 1953)
- 1886 - Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (d. 1956)
- 1897 - Claire Windsor, American actress (d. 1972)
- 1902 - Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Ukrainian rabbi (d. 1994)
- 1904 - Sir John Gielgud, English actor (d. 2000)
- 1904 - George D. Sax, Drive-in bank & instant loan innovator. Owner of the Saxony Hotel (d. 1974)
- 1907 - François Duvalier, Haitian politician (d. 1971)
- 1917 - Marvin Miller, American labor activist
- 1921 - Thomas Schelling, American economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner
- 1925 - Abel Muzorewa, Prime Minster of Zimbabwe
- 1925 - Gene Ammons, American jazz saxophonist (d. 1974)
- 1925 - Rod Steiger, American actor (d. 2002)
- 1926 - Liz Renay, American actress
- 1927 - Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1930 - Bradford Dillman, American actor
- 1933 - Morton Subotnick, American composer
- 1935 - Loretta Lynn, American singer
- 1935 - Erich von Däniken, Swiss writer
- 1936 - Kenneth Mars, American actor
- 1936 - Frank Serpico, American policeman
- 1941 - Julie Christie, British actress
- 1941 - Pete Rose, baseball player
- 1942 - Valeriy Brumel, Russian athlete (d. 2003)
- 1942 - Valentin Lebedev, cosmonaut
- 1945 - Ritchie Blackmore, English guitarist
- 1945 - Frank DiLeo, American actor
- 1949 - John Shea, American actor
- 1951 - Julian Lloyd Webber, English cellist and composer
- 1960 - Brad Garrett, American actor
- 1961 - Robert Carlyle, British actor
- 1964 - Brian Adams, American professional wrestler
- 1966 - David Justice, baseball player
- 1966 - Greg Maddux, baseball player
- 1967 - Jeff Jarrett, American professional wrestler
- 1968 - Anthony Michael Hall, American actor
- 1969 - Martyn LeNoble, Musician
- 1969 - Brad Ausmus, baseball player
- 1970 - Shizuka Kudo, Japanese singer
- 1972 - Paul Devlin, England-born Scottish footballer
- 1973 - Adrien Brody, American actor
- 1973 - Roberto Ayala, Argentine footballer
- 1974 - Da Brat, American rapper
- 1975 - Amy Dumas, American professional wrestler
- 1975 - Veronika Zemanová, Czech model and pornstar
- 1977 - Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress
- 1980 - Ben Wells, American actor
- 1981 - Mary Castro, American model and actress
- 1983 - Simon Burnett, British swimmer
- 1983 - James McFadden, Scottish footballer
Deaths
- 1132 - Prince Mstislav of Kiev (b. 1076)
- 1279 - Duke Boleslaus of Greater Poland
- 1322 - Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere, English soldier (b. 1275)
- 1345 - Richard Aungerville, English bishop and writer (b. 1287)
- 1471 - Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English kingmaker (b. 1428)
- 1574 - Louis of Nassau, Dutch general (killed in battle) (b. 1538)
- 1578 - James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, consort of Mary I of Scotland
- 1599 - Henry Wallop, English statesman
- 1612 - Sasaki Kojiro, Japanese samurai (killed by Musashi Miyamoto)
- 1662 - William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, English statesman (b. 1582)
- 1682 - Avvakum, Russian priest and writer (b. 1621)
- 1716 - Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington, British admiral
- 1721 - Michel Chamillart, French statesman (b. 1652)
- 1759 - George Frideric Handel, German composer (b. 1685)
- 1785 - William Whitehead, English writer (b. 1715)
- 1792 - Maximilian Hell, Slovakian astronomer (b. 1720)
- 1910 - Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter (b. 1856)
- 1912 - Henri Brisson, French statesman (b. 1835)
- 1914 - Hubert Bland, English co-founder of the Fabian Society (b. 1855)
- 1917 - Ludovich Lazarus Zamenhof, Polish creator of Esperanto (b. 1859)
- 1925 - John Singer Sargent, English artist (b. 1856)
- 1930 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian writer (b. 1893)
- 1935 - Amalie Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882)
- 1964 - Rachel Carson, American writer and environmentalist (b. 1907)
- 1968 - Al Benton, baseball player (b. 1911)
- 1975 - Fredric March, American actor (b. 1897)
- 1986 - Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (b. 1908)
- 1995 - Burl Ives, American singer and actor (b. 1909)
- 1999 - Ellen Corby, American actress (b. 1911)
- 1999 - Anthony Newley, British actor and singer (b. 1931)
- 2000 - Phil Katz, American computer programmer (b. 1962)
- 2001 - Hiroshi Teshigahara, Japanese director (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances
- N'Ko Alphabet Day - the anniversary of the day the N'Ko alphabet was completed in 1949.
- Tamil New Year - Celebrations for Tamils all over the world.
- New Year Celebrations in parts of India and whole of Sri Lanka.
- Baisakhi - Celebrations in Punjab, India.
- Poila Baisakh - Celebrations in Bengal, India.
- Vishu - Harvest festival in Kerala, India.
- Black Day - Informal celebration day for single people in South Korea.
- Youth Day in Angola.
- 2nd Day Passover (in 2006) - Jewish festival.
External links
April 13 - April 15 - March 14 - May 14 -- listing of all days
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