Arado Ar 196
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| Arado Ar 196 | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Description | ||
| Role | Reconnaissance | |
| Crew | 2 | |
| First Flight | May, 1937 | |
| Entered Service | November, 1938 | |
| Manufacturer | Arado | |
| Dimensions | ||
| Length | 11.7 m | 38ft 6in |
| Wingspan | 15.1 m | 49ft 6in |
| Height | 5 m | 16ft 5in |
| Wing Area | 37.9 m² | 408 ft² |
| Weights | ||
| Empty | 2,980 kg | 6,580 lb |
| Loaded | 3,720 kg | 8,200 lb |
| Maximum takeoff | kg | lb |
| Powerplant | ||
| Engine | Bramo 323 | |
| Power | 620 kW | 830 hp |
| Performance | ||
| Maximum speed | 311 km/h @ 3,960 m | 193 mph @ 13,000 ft |
| Combat range | 1,080 km | 670 miles |
| Ferry range | km | miles |
| Service ceiling | 7,010 m | 23,000 ft |
| Rate of climb | 300 m/min | 980 ft/min |
| Wing loading | 98.2 kg/m² | 20.1 lb/ft² |
| Power/mass | 167 W/kg | 0.101 hp/lb |
| Armament | ||
| Guns | MG 15 + MG 17 machine guns + 2 × MG FF cannon | |
| Bombs | 2 × 50 kg bombs | |
The Ar 196 was a shipboard reconnaissance aircraft built by Arado starting in 1936. The next year it was selected as the winner of a design contest, and became the standard aircraft of the German Navy throughout World War II.
Background
In 1933 the German Navy looked for a standardized shipboard reconnaissance aircraft. After a brief selection period the RLM decided on the Heinkel He 60 biplane. This was one of a line of developments of a basic biplane frame that appeared as a number of floatplanes, trainers, and even the He 51 fighter. Deliveries started in a matter of months.
By 1935 it was clear that the performance of the He 60 was lacking, and the RLM asked Heinkel to design its replacement. The result was the He 114. Depending on how you looked at it you could call it a radical sesquiplane, or a parasol monoplane with stubby supports where a lower wing would have been. The first prototype was powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 600, but it was clear even then that supplies of this engine would be limited, and the production versions turned to the BMW 132 radial engine instead.
The plane proved to have only slightly better performance than the He 60 it replaced, and its sea-handling was atrocious. Rushed modifications resulted in a series of nine prototypes in an attempt to solve some of the problems, but they didn't help much. The Navy gave up, and the planes were eventually sold off to Romania, Spain and Sweden.
In October 1936 the RLM asked for a He 114 replacement. The only stipulations were that it would use the BMW 132 engine, and they wanted prototypes in both twin-float and single-float configurations. Designs were received from Dornier, Gotha, Arado and Focke-Wulf. Heinkel declined to tender, thinking that the 114 could still be made to work.
With the exception of the Arado design, they were all conventional biplanes. That gave the Arado better performance than any of the others, and the RLM ordered four prototypes. The RLM was also rather conservative by nature, so they also ordered two of the Fw 62 design as a backup. It quickly became clear that the Arado would work effectively, and the Fw 62 was built only as the V-1 and V-2 prototypes.
Prototypes
The Ar 196 prototypes were all delivered in summer of 1937, V-1 (which flew in May) and V-2 with twin-floats as A models, and V-3 and V-4 on a single float as B models. Both versions demonstrated excellent water handling, and there seemed to be little to decide one over the other. Since there was a possibility of the smaller outrigger floats on the B models 'digging in', the twin-float A model was ordered into production. A single additional prototype, V-5, was produced in November 1938 to test final changes.
Early models
Ten A-0's were delivered in November and December 1938, with a single MG 15 in the rear seat for defense. Five similarly-equipped B-0's were also delivered to land-based squadrons. This was followed by twenty A-1 production models starting in June 1939, enough to equip the surface fleet.
Later models
Starting in November production switched to the heavier 'land based' A-2 model. It added shackles for two 50 kg bombs, two 20 mm MG-FF cannons in the wings, and a 7.92 mm MG 17 in the cowling. The A-4 replaced it in December 1940, strengthening the airframe, adding another radio, and switching props to a VDM model. The apparently mis-numbered A-3 replaced the A-4, with additional strengthening of the airframe. The final production version was the A-5 from 1943, which changed radios, cockpit instruments, and switched the rear gun to the much-improved MG 81Z. In all versions, 541 Ar 196's (526 production models) were built before production ended in August 1944, about 100 of these from SNCA and Fokker plants.
The plane was loved by its pilots, who found it handled well both in the air and on the water. With the loss of the German surface fleet the A-1's were added to coastal squadrons, and continued to fly reconnaissance missions and submarine hunts into late 1944. Two notable operations were the capture of HMS Seal, and the repeated interception of RAF Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley bombers. Although it was no match for a fighter, it was considerably better than its Allied counterparts, and generally considered the best of its class.
Owing to its good handling on water, the Finnish Air Force utilized Ar-196 solely on transporting and supplying special forces patrols behing enemy lines, landing on small lakes in remote areas. Several fully equipped soldiers were carried in the fuselage.
Arado in allied hands
The first Arado Ar 196 to fall into allied hands was an example belonging to the Admiral Hipper captured by Norwegian forces at the beginning of the Norwegian campaign, used against its former owners, and flown to the UK in May 1940 by a Norwegian pilot. The plane was shortly thereafter crashed by a British pilot while on transit to a naval air base for testing.Operators
- Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Romania,
| Related content | |
|---|---|
| Related Development | |
| Similar Aircraft | OS2U Kingfisher |
| Designation Series | DFS 193 - DFS 194 - Ar 195 - Ar 196 - Ar 197 - Ar 198 - Ar 199 |
| Related Lists | List of military aircraft of Germany |
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