Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

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AUTONOMOUS REGION
IN MUSLIM MINDANAO

Regional Capital	Cotabato City†
Regional Governor	Zaldy Ampatuan (Lakas-CMD)
Population	2,803,805
– Density	220.9 per km²
Area	12,695.0 km²
Divisions
– Provinces	5
– Cities	1
– Municipalities	101
– Barangays	2,462
– Cong. Districts	8
Languages	Maguindanao, Maranao, Tausug, Malay, Arabic, Filipino, English, others
† Not part of ARMM

The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or ARMM of the Philippines is composed of five provinces and one city namely: Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi and the Marawi City. Cotabato City is the regional center and the seat of the ARMM regional government, although the city itself is part of Region XII, an annex is also maintained in Zamboanga City, which is also not a part of it.

Executive Order No. 36 moved Basilan from Region IX and Marawi City from Region XII.

Political Divisions

The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is composed of the 5 predominantly Muslim provinces and Marawi City.

Province		Capital	Population (2000)	Area (km²)	Pop. density (per km²)
	Basilan¹	Isabela City³	259,796	1,234.2	210.5
	Lanao del Sur	Marawi City	800,162	3,872.9	206.6
	Maguindanao²	Shariff Aguak	801,102	4,900.1	163.5
	Sulu	Jolo	619,668	1,600.4	387.2
	Tawi-Tawi	Panglima Sugala	322,317	1,087.4	296.4

¹ Figures exclude Isabela City.

² Figures exclude Cotabato City.

³ Part of Zamboanga Peninsula region.

Component City

• Islamic City of Marawi, Lanao del Sur

History

The region was first created on August 1, 1989 through Republic Act No. 6734 otherwise known as the Organic Act in pursuance with a constitutional mandate to provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao. A plebiscite was held in the provinces of Basilan, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Palawan, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur; and in the cities of Cotabato, Dapitan, Dipolog, General Santos, Iligan, Marawi, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga to determine if the residents would want to be part of the ARMM.

Of the areas where the plebiscites were held only Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi voted favorably for inclusion in the new autonomous region. The ARMM was officially inaugurated on November 6, 1990 in Cotabato City, which was designated as its provisional capital.

In 2001 a new law was passed for the expansion of the ARMM to include the areas which initially rejected inclusion and the provinces which were carved from them, however only Marawi City and Basilan with the exception of Isabela City opted to be integrated in the region.

Politics

Executive The region is headed by a Regional Governor. The Regional Governor and Regional Vice Governor are elected directly and through a block vote similar to the United States President (albeit without an electoral college structure). Regional ordinances are created by the Regional Assembly, composed of Assemblymen, also elected by direct vote. Regional elections are usually held one year after general elections (national and local) depending on what legislation from the Philippine Congress. Regional officials have a fixed term of three years, which can be extended by legislative act.

Since September 30, 2005, Zaldy Ampatuan and Hooky Alonto Adiong have been the governor and vice-governor, respectively, of this region.

Legislative
The ARMM has a unicameral Regional Assembly headed by a Speaker. It is composed of three members for every congressional district. The current membership is 24, where 6 are from Lanao del Sur including Marawi City, 6 from Maguindanao, 6 from Sulu, 3 from Basilan and 3 from Tawi-Tawi.

Despite its "autonomous" nature, the ARMM receives approximately 98% of its operating revenue from the National Government of the Philippines, and has yet to create significant, viable sources of additional revenue. Perhaps for this reason, the per capita spending on such vital services as education and infrastructure are among the lowest in the Philippines, and the five provinces of the ARMM continue to be ranked consistently on the lower rungs of economic development within the country. The per student expenditure on education, for example, is less than $100, with the result that students within ARMM schools generally score poorly, in comparison with other provinces, on standardized achievement tests administered throughout the country.

Musical Heritage

Main articles: Music of the Philippines, Kulintang

The native Maguindanaon and other native Muslim/non-Muslim groups have a fascinating culture that revolves around kulintang music, a specific type of gong music, found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines.

See also

• Filipino Muslim
• Bangsamoro
• Islam in the Philippines

References

External links

• [Traditional Music of the Southern Philippines] - An online textbook about Southern Pilipino Kulintang Music. Has chapters devoted to kulintang instrumentation, styles and uses by the Maguindanaon and other Southern Pilipino Groups.

• [:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao - Official Website]

 

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