Bar, Montenegro
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| Bar Бар | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bar (Cyrillic: Бар) is a coastal city in Montenegro. It has a population of 13,719 (2003 census). Bar is a centre of Bar municipality (population 40,037) and a major seaport of Montenegro.
HistoryThe archeological excavations from older Neolithic confirm that there were people in Bar even in the prehistory. The material remainders from Illyrian times can be found everywhere in the Bar's municipality. It is assumed that Bar was mentioned as the reconstructed Roman castle Antipargal in the 6th century and the name Antibar was quoted for the first time in the 10th century. Although it is not known know exactly when the town fell in the hands of Doclea rulers for the first time, because the Slavs influence predominating long time before the event, it probably took place already in the 9th century. Many rulers of Doclea seem to have stayed in Bar - for instance, Mihailo, the first king of Doclea whose royal title was confirmed in Bar, as well as Bodin, who enthroned Bar's archdiocese. After the fall of Doclea the seat of archdiocese was moved to Bar. In that period Doclea was leading fierce fights against its neighbours - The Byzantine Empire and Samuil's "The West Bulgarian State" - and the most famous ruler of Doclea, prince Vladimir had its seat in Krajina, near Bar. In order to free Doclea from the Byzantine pressure, son of Vojislav – prince Mihailo, asked for and got the royal crown from Rome in 1077 and that date for historians marks the official beginning of the separation of Doclea from the Byzantin power. Later on, following an appeal from Mihailo’s son Bodin, in 1089, the Pope enthroned Bar’s archdiocese. The Byzantin Empire ruled again in Bar from 1166 till 1183 when Stefan Nemanja made a breakthrough which demolished towns on the Adriatic coast, including “the famous town Bar”, and joined Zeta to his state – Raška. From 1443 to 1571 this region is under the rule of Venice. During the Middle Ages, Bar was the centre of the South Adriatic coast, the town – state which had its coat of arms, flag, statute and minted its own coins. The Turks captured Bar in 1571 and it remained in their hands until 1878. The Italian scientist and one of the pioneers in the wireless telegraphy, Guglielmo Marconi made a radio connection between Bar and Bari on August 30th, in 1904, and in 1908 the first railroad in this part of the Balkans was put into operation in 1913. On July 13th,1941 in Bar’s municipality began the uprising against the occupying power and the first shots were fired in districts of Bar and Cetinje. PopulationBar is administrative centre of Bar municipality, which includes town of Sutomore and many more small towns along the coast. The 2003 census put the population of Municipality of Bar at 40,037. The city of Bar itself had 13,719 inhabitants. Population of Bar: Ethnic groups (1991 census):
EconomyEconomic symbols of Bar are the Port of Bar, Belgrade - Bar railway and the tunnel “Sozina”. The modern outfit of the Port of Bar – with 3,100m of seacoast, land area of 800 ha and aquatorium of 200ha, containers terminal, powerful bridges and cranes – makes it capable of reloading 5 million tons of different goods. In 1976, the railroad Beograd – Bar, which is economically important and very attractive for tourists, was put into operation. It made the Adriatic Sea much closer to many landlocked parts of Europe. The food industry “Primorka” has been operating in Bar for more than 50 years and it produces olive oil and well known pomegranate juice. There are 95,000 olive trees, about 80,000 citrus trees (lemon, orange, tangerine and grapefruit) in the municipal area . The centre for subtropical cultures, founded in 1937, is the oldest scientific institution in Montenegro. It makes researches in the field of subtropical cultures and environment protection. The future of Bar is considered to be in development of little and medium sized companies, in the creation of new industrial zones and in pursuing activities for creating the Custom Free Zone. TourismBesides being Montenegro's main seaport, Bar and its surroundings are also a major tourist destination. Today's Bar is a modern city, built almost entirely after World War 2, with modern buildings, wide boulevards and lot of parking space. Although there are some nice cobble beaches in Bar itself, many tourists choose destinations in other small towns in Bar municipality, notably Sutomore, with its beautiful long sandy beach. TransportBar is well connected with inland Montenegro, as well as with the rest of Montenegrin coast. The Sozina tunnel, completed in 2006, shortened the road connection with Podgorica to around 50 km. Bar is connested to the rest of coastal towns of Montenegro by Adriatic motorway, which extends from Ulcinj to the Herceg Novi, and on to the Croatia. Bar is also the final station of Belgrade - Bar railway, which connects Bar with Podgorica, northern Montenegro and Serbia. Podgorica Airport is some 40 km away, and has reular flights to Belgrade, Budapest, Zurich, Frankfurt, Ljubljana, Paris, Rome and Vienna. DivisionsBar is divided up into 12 communes and 83 settlements:
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