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Barque

Encyclopedia : B : BA : BAR : Barque

The word barc appears to have come from Celtic languages so that the form adopted by English, perhaps from Irish, was bark while that adopted by French , perhaps from Gaulish, was barge and barque. Post Conquest French influence in England means that English now uses both words though their meanings are not now the same. Well before the 19th century a barge had become a small vessel of coastal or inland waters. Somewhat later, a bark became a sailing vessel of a distinctive rig as detailed below. In Britain, by the mid-nineteenth century, the spelling had taken on the French form of barque. Francis Bacon used this form of the word as early as 1605 though he will not have had the big late-nineteenth century barques in mind.

In the 18th century, the British Royal Navy used the term Bark for a nondescript vessel which did not fit any of its usual categories. Thus, when on the advice of Captain James Cook, a collier was bought into the navy and converted for exploration she was called HM Bark Endeavour. She happened to be a ship-rigged sailing vessel with a plain bluff bow and a full stern with windows.

By the end of the 18th century, however, the term barque (sometimes, particularly in the USA, spelled bark) came to refer to any vessel with a particular type of rig. This comprises three (or more) masts, fore-and-aft sails on the aftermost mast and square sails on all other masts. A well-preserved example of a commercial barque is Falls of Clyde; built in 1878, it is now preserved as a museum ship in Honolulu. The United States Coast Guard still has an operational Barque, built in Germany in 1936 and captured as a war prize, the USCGC Eagle.

Related rigs are brigantine (2 masts), barquentine (three or more masts, square-rigged on only the fore mast), and jackass-barque.

The advantage of these rigs was that they needed smaller (therefore cheaper) crews than a comparable ship or brig-rigged vessel. Conversely, the ship rig tended to be retained for training vessels where the larger the crew, the more seamen were trained.

Throughout the period of sail, the word was used also as a shortening of the barca-longa of the Mediterranean Sea.

Contents

Standing rigging of a 3-masted barque

Barque
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Barque

  1. Fore-royal
  2. Flying-jib stay
  3. Outer-jib stay
  4. Inner-jib stay
  5. Fore-topmast stay
  6. Fore-stay   6'.Jib-boom stay, Martingale stay
  7. Bobstay
  8. Martingale guys, Martingale back ropes
  9. Martingale boom, Martingale
  10. Flying martingale stay, Flying jib boom stay
  11. Jib foot rope
  12. Bowsprit shroud
  13. Flying-jib guy
  14. Bowsprit
  15. Outer-jib boom
  16. Flying-jib boom
  17. Crane for the anchors
  18. Capstan
  19. Lighthouse for the sidelights
  20. Anchor purchase
  21. Vangs for the crane
  22. Hawse holes, Hawse pipes
  23. Stem
  24. The bow
  25. Boat
  26. Forecastle
  27. Damper on the brace-booms
  28. Guys on the brace-booms
  29. Fore-mast
  30. Fore-rigging, Fore lower rigging
  31. Rigging screws
  32. Top backstay, Backstay for the Masthead
  33. Futtock shroud
  34. Fore-top
  35. Sling-chain for the Fore-yard
  36. Parral (parrel) on Fore-yard
  37. Fore-yard
  38. Horses
  39. Stirrups
  40. Yard-arm horses
  41. Fore-lifts
  42. Topmast
  43. Topmast futtock shroud
  44. Truss-hoop Futtock ring
  45. Fore-topmast crosstrees
  46. Outrigger
  47. Mast Gap
  48. Topmast shroud
  49. Fore-topgallant mast
  51. *Fore-topgallant mast rigging
  52. *Head funnel, Stop
  53. Fore-royal mast
  55. *Fore-royal mast rigging
  56. * Head, Funnel, Stop
  57. Pole
  58. Truck
  59. Fore lower topsail yard
  60. Fore upper topsail yard
  61. Fore topsail lifts
  62. Fore topgallant yard
  63. Fore topgallant lifts
  64. Fore-royal yard
  65. Fore-royal lifts
  66. Spur or Standard for Fore lower topsail yard
  67. Fore royal braces
  68. Fore topgallant brace pendants
  69. Fore topgallant braces
  70. Fore runner on Fore upper topsail braces
  71. Fore upper topsail brace pendants
  72. Burton on Fore upper topsail braces
  73. Fore runner on Fore lower topsail braces
  74. Fore lower topsail brace pendants
  75. Burtons on Fore lower topsail braces
  76. Fore brace pendants
  77. Lower Fore brace pendants
  78. Fore-braces
  79. Fore topmast backstays
  80. Fore topgallant backstays
  81. Fore royal backstays
  82. Sheer pole, Sheer batten
  83. Main-shroud
  84. Main-mast
  85. Main-parral (parrel)
  86. Sling-chain for the Main yard
  87. Main-futtock shroud
  88. Main-top
  89. Rigging screws on the topmast shroud
  90. Standard for Main lower topsail yard
  91. Head of the Main-mast
  92. Main-topmast shroud
  93. Main lower topsail parral (parrel)
  94. Main topmast
  95. Neclace, Trusshoop, Futtockring
  96. Topmast futtock shroud
  97. Brace blocks
  98. Main topmast crosstrees
  99. Topmast cap
  100. Main topgallant mast
  101. Main-topgallant mast rigging and Flead, Funnel, Stop
  102. Main-royal mast
  103. Main-royal mast rigging and Head, Funnel, Stop
  104. Royal mast pole
  105. Main truck
  106. Main-royal lifts
  107. Main-royal yard
  108. Main-topgallant lifts
  109. Main-topgallant yard
  110. Main upper topsail lifts
  111. Main upper topsail yard
  112. Main lower topsail yard
  113. Main-lifts
  114. Main-yard
  115. Main-stay
  116. Main topmast stay
  117. Main topgallant mast stay
  118. Main-royal mast stay
  119. Main-top backstay
  120. Main-topmast backstays
  121. Main-topgallant backstays
  122. Main-royal backstays
  123. Main-royal braces
  124. Main-royal brace pendants
  125. Main topgallant braces
  126. Fore runner on main upper topsail braces
  127. Main upper topsail brace pendants
  128. Main upper topsail braces
  129. Fore runner on main lower topsail braces
  130. Main lower topsail brace pendants
  131. Main lower topsail braces
  132. Main brace pendants
  133. Lower Main brace pendants
  134. Main braces
  135. Mizzen stay
  136. Mizzen-topmast stay
  137. Mizzen topgallant stay
  138. Mizzen-shroud
  139. Mizzen-mast
  140. Necklace, Trusshoop
  141. Mizzen futtock shroud
  142. Mizzen top, Mizzen crosstrees
  143. Mizzen cap
  144. Mizzen topmast
  145. Mizzen topmast shroud
  146. Brace blocks
  147. Topmast rigging and Head, Funnel
  148. Mizzen topgallant mast
  149. Topgallant mast rigging and Head, Funnel
  150. Mast pole
  151. Mizzen truck
  152. Mizzen topgallant backstay
  153. Mizzen topmast backstays
  154. Peak halliards
  155. Crowfoot on peak halyard
  156. Ensign halyard
  157. Vang pendants
  158. Vangs
  159. Mizzen gaff
  160. Mizzen throat
  161. Mizzen-boom lifts, Spanker-boom lifts
  162. Mizzen-boom; Spanker-boom
  163. Goose neck on Mizzen-boom
  164. Mizzen-sheet, Spanker-sheet
  165. Spanker-boom guys
  166. Rails
  167. Boat davits
  168. Boat cleats
  169. Life boats
  170. Boat tackles
  171. Guy between the davits
  172. Davit guy (aft)
  173. Davit guy (fore)

Reference

Oxford English Dictionary'' (1971) ISBN 0-19-861212-5

See also

External links

Types of sailing vessels and rigs
Bark | Barque | Barquentine | Bermuda rig | Bilander | Brig | Brigantine | Caravel | Carrack | Catamaran | Catboat | Clipper | Dutch Clipper | Cog | Corvette | Cutter | Dhow | Fifie | Fluyt | Fore & Aft Rig | Frigate | Full Rigged Ship | Gaff Rig | Galleon | Gunter Rig | Hermaphrodite Brig | Junk | Ketch | Mersey Flat | Multihull | Nao | Norfolk Wherry | Pink | Pocket Cruiser | Polacca | Pram | Proa | Schooner | Ship of the Line | Sloop | Smack | Snow | Square Rig | Tall Ship | Thames Sailing Barge | Trimaran | Wherry | Windjammer | Windsurfer | Xebec | Yacht | Yawl

 

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