Battle of Manila Bay (1898)
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| Pacific Theater |
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| Manila Bay – Guam – Manila |
The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898 during the Spanish-American War. The American Pacific Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón and destroyed the Spanish squadron.
The engagement took place in Manila Bay, the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish-American War. Montojo, who had been dispatched rapidly to the Philippines, was equipped with a variety of obsolete vessels. Efforts to fortify his position amounted to nothing when the incredibly corrupt Spanish colonial bureaucracy sent explosives meant for mines to friendly construction companies, guns were stripped from fortresses and left laying on the beach for weeks, and reinforcements promised from Madrid resulted in only two poorly armored scout cruisers. Montojo compounded his difficulties by retreating from the range of Spanish fortress guns - guns that might have evened the odds - and chose to anchor in a relatively shallow anchorage. His intent seems to have been to preserve the families of the Spanish sailors in Manila from bombardment, and to allow survivors of his fleet to swim to safety.
On 1 May, George Dewey aboard the protected cruiser USS Olympia lead a small squadron of warships into Manila Bay. With the now famous phrase, "You may fire when ready, Gridley," the Olympia's captain was instructed to begin the barrage that resulted in the destruction of Spain's fleet. Most of the Spanish ships were either destroyed or surrendered. The Spanish fleet fought back with great ferocity, but many crews were caught unaware - painting their vessels, at Mass, or doing other decidedly non-gunnery-related tasks. The results were decisive.
A Spanish attempt to attack Dewey with Camara's Flying Relief Column came to naught, and the naval war in the Philippines devolved into a series of torpedo boat hit-and-run attacks for the rest of the campaign.
In recognition of George Dewey's leadership during the Battle of Manila Bay, a special medal known as the Dewey Medal was presented to the officers and sailors under Admiral Dewey's command. Dewey himself would later be honored with promotion to the special rank of Admiral of the Navy; a rank that no one has held before or since in the United States Navy.
It is interesting to note that the U.S. Navy did not suffer a single loss of life throughout the battle.
US ships involved in the Battle
- USS Olympia (flag)
- USS Baltimore
- USS Raleigh
- USS Petrel
- USS Concord
- USS Boston
Spanish ships involved in the Battle
- Reina Cristina (flag)
- Isla de Cuba
- Isla de Luzón
- Castilla
- Don Antonio Ulloa
- Don Juan de Austria
- Velasco
See also
References
- Nofi, Albert A., The Spanish American War, 1898, 1997.
- Carrasco García, Antonio, En Guerra con Los Estados Unidos: Cuba, 1898, Madrid: 1998.
External links
- [Spanish-American War Centennial Website]
- [External site]
- [link] (in Spanish)
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