Battle of Ourique
Encyclopedia : B : BA : BAT : Battle of Ourique
| Reconquista |
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| Covadonga – Roncevaux Pass – Simancas – Atapuerca – Graus – Az-Zallaqah – Ucles – Ourique – Lisbon – Alarcos – Las Navas de Tolosa – Jerez – Granada – Alcazarquivir |
The Battle of Ourique (pron. IPA [o'ɾik(ɨ)]) took place in July 26 1139, in the countryside outside the town of Ourique, present-day Alentejo (southern Portugal). In this battle, the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques (of the House of Burgundy) clashed against the Almoravid Moors lead by Emir Ali ibn Yusuf.
Despite the fact that the Christian Portuguese forces were strongly outnumbered, the Muslim armies were weakened by internal leadership problems, and the victory for Afonso Henriques was such that he proclaimed himself King of Portugal as Afonso I with the overwhelming support of his troops, having vanquished and slain, so legend says, five Moorish kings.
Immediately after the battle, King Afonso I of Portugal called for the first assembly of the estates-general of Portugal at Lamego, where he was given the Crown from the Bishop of Braga, to confirm the independence from the Kingdom of León and Castile.
Some years later, the idea of a miraculous intervention in the battle by Saint James the Great in favour of the Portuguese sprung up. St. James was widely venerated in Iberia (with a main center of veneration in Santiago de Compostela, in Galicia, where his tomb is supposed to be located), being generally seen as the Matamouros ("Moor-slayer"). In the process of Portuguese independence this legend changed with time, due to the need to make distance with Spanish devotional practices and beliefs. In a first stage St. James was replaced by Saint George, and, in a second stage, by Christ himself. The legend of the miracle of the Battle of Ourique served thus as a political instrument to defend Portuguese independence as divine will.
In commemoration of the Battle of Ourique, it is said that the Portuguese coat-of-arms bears five small shields (representing the five defeated Moorish kings), though this interpretation his chalenged by many authors.
See also
- Timeline of Portuguese history
- *Second County of Portugal (11th to 12th Century)
- *First Dynasty: Burgundy (12th to 14th Century)
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