Bentham & Hooker system

Encyclopedia : B : BE : BEN : Bentham & Hooker system

An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :

(available online at [Gallica])

The system recognises the following main groups:

DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
: Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
: Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ
: Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ
DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
: Series 1. INFERÆ
: Series 2. HETEROMERÆ
: Series 3. BICARPELLATÆ
DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
GYMNOSPERMEÆ
MONOCOTYLEDONES

Families and orders in the Bentham & Hooker system

Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. It indicates a family by "ordo"; an order is indicated by "cohors" (in the first two volumes) or "series" (in the third volume); in the first two volumes “series” refers to a rank above that of order. Terminations for families are not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective: the ICBN provides for this.

DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
: SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
:: COHORS I. RANALES
::: I. RANUNCULACEÆ
::: II. DILLENIACEÆ
::: III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
::: IV. MAGNOLIACEÆ
::: V. ANONACEÆ [sic]
::: VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
::: VII. BERBERIDEÆ
::: VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
:: COHORS II. PARIETALES
::: IX. SARRACENIACEÆ
::: X. PAPAVERACEÆ
::: XI. CRUCIFERÆ
::: XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
::: XIII. RESEDACEÆ
::: XIV. CISTINEÆ
::: XV. VIOLARIEÆ
::: XVI. CANELLACEÆ
::: XVII. BIXINEÆ
:: COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
::: XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
::: XIX. TREMANDREÆ
::: XX. POLYGALÆ
::: XXa. VOCHYSIACEÆ
:: COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ
::: XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
::: XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
::: XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
::: XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
:: COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
::: XXV. ELATINEÆ
::: XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ
::: XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
::: XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
::: XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
::: XXX. CHLENACEÆ
:: COHORS VI. MALVALES
::: XXXI. MALVACEÆ
::: XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
::: XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
: SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ
:: COHORS VII. GERANIALES
::: XXXIV LINEÆ
::: XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
::: XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
::: XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
::: XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
::: XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
::: XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
::: XLI. OCHNACEÆ
::: XLII. BURSERACEÆ
::: XLIII. MELIACEÆ
::: XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ
:: COHORS VIII. OLACALES
::: XLV. OLACINEÆ
::: XLVI. ILICINEÆ
:: COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
::: XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
::: XLVIII. STACKHOUSIEÆ
::: XLIX. RHAMNEÆ
::: L. AMPELIDEÆ
:: COHORS X. SAPINDALES
::: LI. SAPINDACEÆ
::: LII. SABIACEÆ
::: LIII. ANACARDIACEÆ
:: Incertae sedis
::: LIV. CORIARIÆ
::: LV. MORINGEÆ
: SERIES III. CALYCIFLORÆ
:: COHORS XI. ROSALES
::: LVI. CONNARACEÆ
::: LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
::: LVIII. ROSACEÆ
::: LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
::: LX. CRASSULACEÆ
::: LXI. DROSERACEÆ
::: LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
::: LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
::: LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
:: COHORS XII. MYRTALES
::: LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
::: LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
::: LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
::: LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
::: LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
::: LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
:: COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
::: LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
::: LXXII. LOASEÆ
::: LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
::: LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
::: LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
::: LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
::: LXXVII. DATISCEÆ
:: COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
::: LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
::: LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
:: COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
::: LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
::: LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
::: LXXXII. CORNACEÆ

DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
: SERIES I. INFERÆ
:: COHORS I. RUBIALES
::: LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
::: LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
:: COHORS II. ASTERALES
::: LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ
::: LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ
::: LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ
::: LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
:: COHORS III. CAMPANALES
::: LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ
::: LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
::: XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
: SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
:: COHORS IV ERICALES
::: XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
::: XCIII. ERICACEÆ
::: XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
::: XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
::: XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ
::: XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
:: COHORS V. PRIMULALES
::: XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
::: XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
::: C. MYRSINEÆ
:: COHORS VI. EBENALES
::: CI. SAPOTACEÆ
::: CII. EBENACEÆ
::: CIII. STYRACEÆ
: SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ
:: COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
::: CIV. OLEACEÆ
::: CV. SALVADORACEÆ
::: CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
::: CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
::: CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
::: CIX. GENTIANEÆ
:: COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES
::: CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
::: CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
::: CXII. BORAGINEÆ
::: CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
::: CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
:: COHORS IX. PERSONALES
::: CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
::: CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ
::: CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
::: CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
::: CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic]
::: CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
::: CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
::: CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
:: COHORS X. LAMIALES
::: CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
::: CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
::: CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
::: CXXVI. LABIATÆ
:: incertae sedis
::: CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ

DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
:: Series I. Curvembryeæ
::: CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
::: CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ
::: CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
::: CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
::: CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
::: CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
::: CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
:: Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
::: CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ
:: Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
::: CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
::: CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
::: CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
:: Series IV. Micrembryeæ
::: CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
::: CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
::: CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
::: CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
:: Series V. Daphnales
::: CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
::: CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
::: CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
::: CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
::: CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
:: Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ
::: CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
::: CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
::: CL. BALANOPHOREÆ
:: Series VII. Unisexuales
::: CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
::: CLII. BALANOPEÆ
::: CLIII. URTICACEÆ
::: CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
::: CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
::: CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
::: CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
::: CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
::: CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
:: Series VIII. Ordines anomali (incertae sedis)
::: CLX. SALICINEÆ
::: CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
::: CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
::: CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ

GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic]
::: CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
::: CLXV. CONIFERÆ
::: CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ

MONOCOTYLEDONES
:: Series I. Microspermæ
::: CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆ
::: CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
::: CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ
:: Series II Epigynæ
::: CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ
::: CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ
::: CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ
::: CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ
::: CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ
::: CLXXV. TACCACEÆ
::: CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ
:: Series III Coronarieæ
::: CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ
::: CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ
::: CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ
::: CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ
::: CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ
::: CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ
::: CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ
::: CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ
:: Series VI Calycineæ
::: CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
::: CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
::: CLXXXVII. PALMÆ
:: Series V. Nudifloreæ
::: CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
::: CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
::: CXC TYPHACEÆ
::: CXCI. AROIDEÆ
::: CXCII. LEMNACEÆ
:: Series VI. Apocarpæ
::: CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
::: CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ
::: CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]
:: Series VII. Glumaceæ
::: CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ
::: CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ
::: CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ
::: CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ
::: CC. GRAMINEÆ

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