Benzoyl peroxide

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Benzoyl peroxide (IPA [ˈbɛnzəʊɪl pəˈrɒksaɪd]) is a chemical in the organic peroxide family. It consists of two benzoyl groups (benzaldehyde with the H of CHO removed) joined by a peroxide group.

Contents

1 Precautions
2 Uses
3 Synthesis

3.1 Commercial names

4 External links

Precautions

Benzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent. Contact with fabric (including clothing and bed linens) or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately. At high concentrations, benzoyl peroxide is highly flammable and explosive and should be handled with care. In the United States, the monograph for benzoyl peroxide is 2.5% to 10% for both prescription and over the counter use.

Uses

Benzoyl peroxide in gel form, here under the name Basiron, used to treat Acne

Benzoyl peroxide is highly effective in the treatment of most forms of acne. It is typically placed over the affected areas in gel or cream form, in concentrations of 10% and lower. However, it can cause dryness and irritation. A small percentage of people are sensitive to it and this is characterised by burning, itching, peeling or possibly swelling.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} It is best to use a little at first and build up as the skin becomes accustomed to the treatment. To avoid this, it is worth looking for a treatment that contains around 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, which studies show is as effective as the 10% options but with fewer side effects.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} While it is not fully known how benzoyl peroxide works in fighting acne, it is presumed that benzoyl peroxide is easily absorbed into pores where it works by interfering with acne bacterial metabolism through oxidation.

Other common uses for benzoyl peroxide include dyeing hair, and as a common active ingredient in teeth whitening systems (especially in Europe where hydrogen peroxide is highly regulated). It is also used in the preparation of flour, and can be used as an initiator and catalyst for polyester thermoset resins (as an alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide).

Synthesis

Mixing sodium peroxide with benzoyl chloride gives benzoyl peroxide and sodium chloride.

Commercial names

NeoBenz Micro [link title]
Basiron
Brevoxyl
Stioxyl
Panoxyl

External links

[International Chemical Safety Card 0225] -->
NIOSH [Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0052]
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (1999). "[Peroxyde de dibenzoyle.]" Fiche toxicologique n° 33. Paris:INRS. (PDF file, in French)

IARC Monograph "[Benzoyl peroxide.]"
[MedLine Drug Information: Benzoyl Peroxide]
[Benzoyl Peroxide]

For a full list of external links to MSDSs, spectroscopic data, commercial chemicals suppliers etc. for this compound, see [Chemical sources].

Acne-treating agents [http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit]
Topical agents: (Benzoyl peroxide} Antibiotics: (Tetracyclines) Hormonal: . Retinoids:

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