Bistriţa
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- This article is about a city in Romania. For other uses see Bistrita (disambiguation).
Bistriţa (German: Bistritz, archaic Nösen, Hungarian: Beszterce) is the capital city of Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is situated on the Bistriţa river. The city has a population of approximately 80,000 inhabitants.
History
The earliest indication of settlement in the area of Bistriţa is from Neolithic remains. Transylvanian Saxons settled the area in 1206 and dubbed the region "Nösnerland". The destruction of Markt Nosa ("Market Nösen") by Mongols heading toward central Europe was described by a document from 1241. Being situated on several trade routes, Bistriţa became a flourishing medieval trading post. Name Bistriţa in Slavic means fast water.Bistriţa became a free royal town in 1330. In 1353 it gained the right to organize an annual 15 day fair, as well as a seal containing the coat of arms of an ostrich with a horseshoe in its beak. In 1465, the city's fortifications had 18 defence towers and bastions defended by the local guilds. It was also defended by a Kirchenburg, or fortified church.
Main sights
The greatest attraction of Bistriţa's central square is the Saxons' Lutheran church. It was originally constructed in the 14th century in Gothic style but was remodeled from 1559-156363 by Petrus Italus with Renaissance features. It was renovated in 1998.The Bistriţa-Năsăud County Museum, located in a former barracks, contains Thracian, Celtic, and Saxon artifacts. 19th century fires destroyed much of the city's medieval citadel.
Popular culture
In Bram Stoker's novel Dracula, the character Jonathan Harker visits Bistriţa and stays at the Golden Krone Hotel ("Coroana de Aur" in Romanian). Although no such hotel existed when the novel was written, a hotel of the same name has since been constructed for tourists.Transportation
The major cities directly linked by trains are Bucharest via a night train, and Cluj-Napoca via several trains.Bistriţa also serves as a midway point for C&I, a transportation service, and is a changing point for people traveling between Suceava, Satu Mare, Cluj-Napoca, Sibiu, Sighişoara, Târgu Mureş, and Braşov.
Sister Cities
Besancon, France (since 1997) Zielona Gora,Poland (since 2001) Columbus, Georgia, United States (since 2003) Herzogenrath, Germany (since 2005)
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