Black Brigades

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Part of the Politics series on Fascism

Definition Definitions of fascism Varieties and derivatives of fascism Italian fascism Nazism Neo-Fascism Rexism Falangism Ustaše Clerical fascism Austrofascism Crypto-fascism Japanese fascism Greek fascism Brazilian Integralism Fascist political parties and movements Fascism as an international phenomenon List of fascist movements by country Fascism in history Fascio March on Rome Italian Social Republic 4th of August Regime Relevant lists List of fascists Related subjects Fascist symbolism Roman salute Blackshirts Corporatism Fascism and ideology National syndicalism Fascist Manifesto Black Brigades Actual Idealism Fascist unification rhetoric Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini National Bolshevism International Third Position Neo-Nazism Grand Council of Fascism Anti-fascism

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For the 1970 film see Black Brigade (film)

Black Brigades (Italian: Brigate Nere) were one of the fascist paramilitary groups operating in Italian Social Republic (in northern Italy), during the final years of World War II, and after the signing of the Italian Armistice in 1943.

Benito Mussolini had been arrested after the Grand Fascist Council, with the support of King Vittorio Emanuele III, overthrew him and began negotiations with the Allies for Italy's withdrawal from the war. Mussolini was rescued by German paratroopers led by Otto Skorzensky and installed as the President of the Italian Social Republic, a regime nominally administering the German-occupied northern Italy.

As the Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale (MVSN, also known as "Black Shirts") was disbanded by the terms of the armistice, the Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana was formed on 24 November 1943 out of carabinieri, ex-army, and others still loyal to the fascist cause.

The Black Brigades were formed out the members of the Fascist Republican Party, with a law dated 30 June 1944. They not only fought the Allies, and Italian partisans, but also fought against and murdered their political opponents and others whose support of "the cause" was less than exuberant. Many were killed in the fighting.

The Black Brigades were not actually brigade sized units, they were in reality only weak battalions or strong companies with 200 to 300 personnel each. There were 41 territorial brigades numbered one through 41, and there were eight mobile brigades, these were numbered one through seven plus the Second Arditi Brigade. Although they wore the standard Italian army uniform they tended to only wear a black sweater with the grey-green uniform pants and their badge or insignia was the jawless death's head.

 

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