Business school
Encyclopedia : B : BU : BUS : Business school
A business school is a university-level institution that teaches topics such as accounting, finance, marketing, organizational behavior, strategy and quantitative methods. They include schools of "business", "business administration", and "management".
Most of the university business schools are faculties, colleges or departments within in the university, and teach predominantly business courses. The first such 'collegiate business school' is Wharton, founded in 1881. The first graduate school of business is the Tuck School of Dartmouth, founded in 1900.
In North America a business school is often understood to be a university graduate school which offers a Master of Business Administration or equivalent degree. In Europe, although the Leipzig Graduate School of Management ([HHL]) was founded in 1898, it initially taught at the undergraduate level as well.
Most business schools are faculties, colleges or departments within in a university, and teach predominantly business courses. Also in North America the term "business school" can refer to a different type of institution: a two-year school that grants the Associate's degree in various business subjects. Most of these schools began as secretarial schools, then expanded into accounting/bookkeeping and similar subjects. They are typically operated as businesses, rather than as institutions of higher learning.
In Europe and Asia, some universities teach business only. The oldest business school in the world, the Ecole Supérieure de Commerce in Paris [ESCP], was founded in 1819. And among the youngest ones, the International Business School [IBS] opens in September 2006 in the Sophia Antipolis Technology Park on the French Riviera.
Business school case studies
Case studies have been used in graduate and undergraduate business education for nearly one hundred years. Business cases are historical descriptions of actual business situations. Typically, information is presented about a business firm's products, markets, competition, financial structure, sales volumes, management, employees and other factors affecting the firm's success. The length of a business case study may range from two or three pages to 30 pages, or more.Leading exponents of the case study method of instruction include the Harvard Business School, the Darden School (University of Virginia), the Tuck School (Dartmouth), Stanford University Business School, Ivey School (University of Western Ontario) and INSEAD (France and Singapore). Examples of widely used case studies are "Lincoln Electric" and "Google, Inc.," both published by the Harvard Business School. Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism has [received a grant] to begin using the case study method in its work.
Students are expected to scrutinize the case study and prepare to discuss strategies and tactics that the firm should employ in the future.
Three different methods have been used in business case teaching: (1) prepared case-specific questions to be answered by the student, (2) problem-solving analysis and (3) a generally applicable strategic planning approach.
The first method listed above is used with short cases intended for undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
The second method, initiated by the Harvard Business School is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice (hundreds of case analyses) students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Click [here] for more information on the HBS case method. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader. Only a few teachers are able to become truly great case discussion leaders. [Jim Erskine] at the Ivey School is a prime example of such a teacher.
The third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six to a dozen cases during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a [generally applicable approach] to analyzing cases studies and real situations. This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. Consequently most professors are capable of supervising application of this method.
History of Business Cases. - When the Harvard Business School was started, the faculty quickly realized that there were no textbooks suitable to a graduate program in business. Their first solution to this problem was to interview leading practitioners of business and to write detailed accounts of what these managers were doing. Of course the professors could not present these cases as practices to be emulated because there were no criteria available for determining what would succeed and what would not succeed. So the professors instructed their students to read the cases and to come to class prepared to discuss the cases and to offer recommendations for appropriate courses of action. Basically that is the model still being used. See a [critique] of this approach.
Business school degrees
- Associate's Degree: AA, ABA, AS
- Bachelor's Degrees: BBA, BBus, BComm, BSBA, BBS
- Master's Degrees: MBA, MMR, MSMR, MPA, MAcc, MHA
- Doctoral Degrees: Ph.D., DBA, DHA, DM
Business school firsts
- The Ecole Supérieure de Commerce in Paris (ESCP) founded in 1819 was the first business school.
- The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1881 was the first undergraduate business school.
- The Tuck School of Business became the first graduate school of business, founded in 1900.
- HEC Montréal was Canada’s first management school, founded in 1907.
- Harvard Business School became the first business school to offer an MBA degree in 1921.
- The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business was the first business school to offer a PhD program, and to offer an Executive MBA program. It claims to be the first business school to have a Nobel laureate on its faculty: George Stigler won the prize after retiring from the school in 1981.
- In 1992, Thunderbird - The Garvin School of International Management was the first business school to have campuses on three continents.
See also
- List of business schools in Canada
- List of business schools in the United States
- List of business schools in Europe
- List of business schools in Scandinavia
- List of business schools in Asia
- List of business schools in Africa
External links
- [Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs]
- [Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]
- [South African Business Schools Association]
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