By-product
Encyclopedia : B : BY : BYP : By-product
A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction, and is not the primary product or service being produced. A by-product can be useful and marketable, or it can have severe ecological consequences.
Major by-products
- asphalt - from the refining of crude oil
- sawdust and bark- from the processing of logs into lumber
- corn stover - residual plant matter after harvesting of cereals
- bran and germ - from the milling of whole grains into refined grains
- meat and bone meal - from the rendering of animal bones and offal
- orange oil and other citrus oils - recovered from the peels of processed fruit
- pectin - recovered from the remains of processed fruit
- glycerol - from the production of biodiesel
- lanolin - from the cleaning of wool
- collagen and gelatin - from the boiled skin and other parts of slaughtered livestock
- slag - from ore refining
- feathers - from poultry processing
- chrome shavings - from a stage of leather manufacture
- whey - from cheese manufacturing
- acidulated soap stock - from the refining of edible oil
- molasses - from sugar refining
- dried blood and blood meal - from slaughterhouse operations
- brewer's yeast - from ethanol fermentation
- distiller's grains - from ethanol fermentation
- manure - from animal husbandry
- poultry litter - swept from the floors of chicken coops
- gypsum - from Flue gas desulfurization
- ash and smoke - from the combustion of fuel
- straw- from grain harvesting
- grape seed oil - recovered from leftovers of the winemaking process
- sludge - from wastewater treatment
- mineral oil - from refining crude oil to produce gasoline
see also
- By-product synergy
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