Candela

For other uses, see Candela (disambiguation)}}}.

The candela (symbol: cd) is the SI base unit of luminous intensity (that is, power emitted by a light source in a particular direction, with wavelengths weighted by the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye).

Contents

1 Definition
2 Explanation
3 Origin
4 SI photometric light units
5 References
6 External links

Definition

Since the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1979, the candela has been defined as follows:

The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×10¹² hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.

Explanation

The frequency chosen is in the visible spectrum near green, corresponding to a wavelength of about 555 nanometers. The human eye is most sensitive to this frequency, when adapted for bright conditions. At other frequencies, more radiant intensity is required to achieve the same luminous intensity, according to the frequency response of the human eye. The luminous intensity for light of a particular wavelength [\lambda] is given by

[I_v(\lambda)= 683.002\,\overline(\lambda) I(\lambda)]

where [I_v(\lambda)] is the luminous intensity in candelas, [I(\lambda)] is the radiant intensity in W/sr and [\overline(\lambda)] is the standard luminosity function. If more than one wavelength is present (as is usually the case), one must sum or integrate over the spectrum of wavlengths present to get the total luminous intensity.

A common candle emits roughly 1 cd. A 100 W lightbulb emits about 120 cd.

Origin

The candela was based on an older unit, the candlepower, which was referenced to the luminous intensity of a "standard candle" of known composition.

This was later replaced by a new unit, the candela, defined in terms of the black-body radiation emitted by 1/60 of 1 cm² of platinum at its melting point.

The candela was given its modern definition (above) in 1979. The arbitrary (1/683) term was chosen such that the new definition would exactly match the old definition. Although the candela is now defined partly in terms of the watt, which is a derived SI unit of power, the candela remains a base unit of the SI system [link].

SI photometric light units

SI photometry units
[[http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit]]
Quantity	Symbol	SI unit	Abbr.	Notes
Luminous energy	Q_v	lumen second	lm·s	Talbots
Luminous flux	F	lumen (= cd·sr)	lm	also called luminous power
Luminous intensity	I_v	candela (= lumen (unit)>lm/sr)	cd	an SI base unit
Luminance	L_v	candela per square metre	cd/m²	nits
Illuminance	E_v	lux (= lumen (unit)>lm/m²)	lx
Luminous emittance	M_v	lux (= lumen (unit)>lm/m²)	lx	Used for light emitted from a surface
Luminous efficacy		lumen per watt	lm/W	ratio of luminous flux to radiant flux; maximum possible is 683.002

References

External links

[Candela: The SI Unit of Luminous Intensity]

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