Capecitabine
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Capecitabine (brand name: Xeloda®) is an orally-administered chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of metastatic breast and colorectal cancers. It is enzymatically converted to fluorouracil in the body, where it inhibits DNA synthesis and slows growth of tumor tissue.
Indications
Capecitabine is FDA-approved for:
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
- Used as first-line monotherapy, if appropriate.
Metastatic Breast Cancer
- Used in combination with docetaxel, after failure of anthracycline-based treatment.
- Used as monotherapy, if the patient has failed paclitaxel-based treatment, and if anthracycline-based treatment has either failed or cannot be continued for other reasons (i.e., the patient has already received the maximum lifetime dose of an anthracycline).
Dose
The usual starting dose is 2,500 mg/m2/day in two divided doses, 12 hours apart. One cycle includes two weeks of treatment followed by one week without treatment. Cycles can be repeated every three weeks.
Dose Adjustments
- For mild renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance 30-50 mL/min), it is recommended to reduce dose by 25%.
- For severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), treatment is not recommended.
- There is no recommendation for hepatic dysfunction.
- For elderly patients, lower doses may be required due to higher incidences of serious adverse reactions.
Administration
Take orally with water, within 30 minutes after a meal.
Potential Adverse Reactions (Major)
- Cardiovascular: EKG changes, myocardial infarction, angina (these may be more common in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease)
- Dermatological: Hand-foot syndrome (numbness, tingling, pain, redness, or blistering of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet)
- Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (sometimes severe), nausea, stomatitis
- Hematological: Neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia
- Hepatic: Hyperbilirubinemia
Drug Interactions
- Capecitabine may interact with warfarin and increase bleeding risk. It is recommended to watch coagulation levels (INR) closely and adjust warfarin doses appropriately.
- Capecitabine may inhibit cytochrome CYP2C9 enzyme, and therefore increase levels of substrates such as phenytoin. It is recommended to monitor phenytoin levels in patients taking both medications. Other substrates of CYP2C9 may also be affected. Evaluate according to clinical judgment.
- Much as fluorouracil, the concomitant use of leucovorin may increase both the efficacy and the toxicity of capecitabine.
Pregnancy / Lactation Information
- Capecitabine is pregnancy category D. Women of childbearing potential are advised to avoid becoming pregnant while using capecitabine.
- Significant amounts of capecitabine may be excreted into the breast milk. It is recommended to discontinue nursing while using capecitabine.
Product Information
Capecitabine (as brand-name Xeloda) is available in light peach 150 mg tablets and peach 500 mg tablets.
References
- Lacy, Charles F; Armstrong, Lora L; Goldman, Morton P; Lance, Leonard L (2004). Lexi-Comp's Drug Information Handbook (12th Edition). Lexi-Comp Inc. ISBN 1-59195-083-X
- Fischer, David S; Knobf, M Tish; Durivage, Henry J; Beaulieu, Nancy J (2003). The Cancer Chemotherapy Handbook (6th Edition). Mosby. ISBN 0-323-01890-4
- [Thomson Centerwatch: Drugs Approved by the FDA (Xeloda)] Retrived 6/05
External links
- [Xeloda for US] (manufacturer's website)
- [Xeloda for Non-US] (manufacturer's website)
- [Capecitabine] (patient information)
- [Oralchemo.org] (patient information on oral chemotherapy)
| Chemotherapeutic agents (L01) - Chemotherapy regimens |
|---|
| L01A - Alkylating agents: Cyclophosphamide | Chlorambucil | Melphalan | Mechlorethamine | Ifosfamide | Busulfan | ThioTEPA | Lomustine | Streptozocin | Temozolomide | Dacarbazine | Cisplatin | Carboplatin | Oxaliplatin | Procarbazine | Uramustine |
| L01B - Antimetabolites: Methotrexate | Pemetrexed | Fludarabine Cytarabine | Fluorouracil | Floxuridine | Gemcitabine | Capecitabine |
| L01C - Plant alkaloids: Vinblastine | Vincristine | Vinorelbine | Etoposide | Paclitaxel | Docetaxel |
| L01D - Cytotoxic/antitumour antibiotics: Anthracycline family (Doxorubicin | Daunorubicin | Epirubicin | Idarubicin | Mitoxantrone) | Bleomycin | Mitomycin | Hydroxyurea |
| L01X - Other, including Topoisomerase inhibitors: Topotecan | Irinotecan |
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