Cardiology
Encyclopedia : C : CA : CAR : Cardiology
A diagram of a heart with an ECG indicator; diagrams like this are used in Cardiology.
Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The field is commonly divided in the branches of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called cardiologists.
The term cardiology is derived from the Greek word καρδιά (transliterated as kardia and meaning heart or inner self).
Contents
- 1 Anatomy & physiology
- 2 Disorders of the coronary circulation
- 3 Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)
- 4 Disorders of the
- 5 Disorders of the heart valves
- 6 Disorders of the electrical system of the heart (
- 7 Inflammation and infection of the heart
- 8
- 9 Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)
- 10 Procedures done for coronary artery disease
- 11 Devices used in cardiology
- 12
- 13 Cardiac pharmaceutical agents
- 14 See also
- 15 External links
Anatomy & physiology
- Epicardium
- Pericardium
- Myocardium
- Papillary muscle
- Endocardium
- Coronary circulation (Blood supply of the heart)
- Heart valves
Basic cardiac physiology
Disorders of the coronary circulation
- Atherosclerosis
- Restenosis
- Coronary heart disease (Ischaemic heart disease, Coronary artery disease)
- Acute coronary syndrome
- * Angina
- * Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)
- Cardiomyopathy
- * Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- * Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
- ** Amyloid cardiomyopathy
- ** Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- *** Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))
- *** Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- ** Dilated cardiomyopathy
- *** Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- ** Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
- ** Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Congestive heart failure
- * Cor pulmonale
- Cardiac arrest
- Primary tumors of the heart
- * Myxoma
Disorders of the
Disorders of the heart valves
- Aortic valve disorders
- * Aortic insufficiency
- * Aortic stenosis
- * Aortic valve replacement
- * Aortic valve repair
- * Aortic valvuloplasty
- Mitral valve disorders
- * Mitral valve prolapse
- * Mitral regurgitation
- * Mitral stenosis
- * Mitral valve replacement
- * Mitral valve repair
- * Mitral valvuloplasty
- Pulmonic valve disorders
- * Congenital pulmonic stenosis
- Tricuspid valve disorders
Disorders of the electrical system of the heart (
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- * Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
- ** Atrial fibrillation
- ** Atrial flutter
- ** Atrial tachycardia
- ** Sick sinus syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
- ** AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- ** AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
- Bigeminy
- Premature ventricular contraction
- Ventricular tachycardia
- * Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
- * Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
- ** Torsades de pointes
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Heart block
- * First degree heart block
- * Second degree heart block
- * Trifascicular heart block
- * Third degree heart block
- Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart
- * Brugada syndrome
- * Long QT syndrome
- * Short QT syndrome
- * Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome)
Inflammation and infection of the heart
Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)
- Vasculitis
- Atherosclerosis
- Aneurysm
- Varicose veins
- Economy class syndrome
- Diseases of the aorta
- * Coarctation of the aorta
- * Aortic dissection
- Diseases of the carotid arteries
- * Carotid artery disease
- * Carotid artery dissection
Procedures done for coronary artery disease
- Atherectomy
- Angioplasty (PTCA)
- * Stenting
- Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
- Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)
Devices used in cardiology
- Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
- * Pacemaker
- * Defibrillator
- ** Automated external defibrillator
- ** Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
- Devices used to maintain blood pressure
- * Artificial heart
- * Heart-lung machine
- * Intra-aortic balloon pump
- * Ventricular assist device
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac stress test
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- * Ambulatory Holter monitor
- Electrophysiologic study
- * Programmed electrical stimulation
- Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
- IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)
- Cardiac enzymes
Cardiac pharmaceutical agents
The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- * Type I (sodium channel blockers)
- ** Type Ia
- *** Quinidine
- ** Type Ib
- *** Lidocaine
- *** Phenytoin
- ** Type Ic
- *** Propafenone
- * Type II (beta blockers)
- ** Metoprolol
- * Type III (potassium channel blockers)
- ** Amiodarone
- ** Dofetilide
- ** Sotalol
- * Type IV (slow calcium channel blockers)
- ** Diltiazem
- ** Verapamil
- * Type V
- ** Adenosine
- ** Digoxin
- ACE inhibitors
- * Captopril
- * Enalapril
- * Perindopril
- * Ramipril
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- * Candesartan
- * Eprosartan
- * Irbesartan
- * Losartan
- * Telmisartan
- * Valsartan
- Beta blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
See also
External links
Basic cardiac physiology
Disorders of the coronary circulation
- Atherosclerosis
- Restenosis
- Coronary heart disease (Ischaemic heart disease, Coronary artery disease)
- Acute coronary syndrome
- * Angina
- * Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)
- Cardiomyopathy
- * Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- * Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
- ** Amyloid cardiomyopathy
- ** Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- *** Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))
- *** Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- ** Dilated cardiomyopathy
- *** Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- ** Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
- ** Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Congestive heart failure
- * Cor pulmonale
- Cardiac arrest
- Primary tumors of the heart
- * Myxoma
Disorders of the
Disorders of the heart valves
- Aortic valve disorders
- * Aortic insufficiency
- * Aortic stenosis
- * Aortic valve replacement
- * Aortic valve repair
- * Aortic valvuloplasty
- Mitral valve disorders
- * Mitral valve prolapse
- * Mitral regurgitation
- * Mitral stenosis
- * Mitral valve replacement
- * Mitral valve repair
- * Mitral valvuloplasty
- Pulmonic valve disorders
- * Congenital pulmonic stenosis
- Tricuspid valve disorders
Disorders of the electrical system of the heart (
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- * Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
- ** Atrial fibrillation
- ** Atrial flutter
- ** Atrial tachycardia
- ** Sick sinus syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
- ** AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- ** AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
- Bigeminy
- Premature ventricular contraction
- Ventricular tachycardia
- * Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
- * Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
- ** Torsades de pointes
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Heart block
- * First degree heart block
- * Second degree heart block
- * Trifascicular heart block
- * Third degree heart block
- Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart
- * Brugada syndrome
- * Long QT syndrome
- * Short QT syndrome
- * Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome)
Inflammation and infection of the heart
Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)
- Vasculitis
- Atherosclerosis
- Aneurysm
- Varicose veins
- Economy class syndrome
- Diseases of the aorta
- * Coarctation of the aorta
- * Aortic dissection
- Diseases of the carotid arteries
- * Carotid artery disease
- * Carotid artery dissection
Procedures done for coronary artery disease
- Atherectomy
- Angioplasty (PTCA)
- * Stenting
- Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
- Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)
Devices used in cardiology
- Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
- * Pacemaker
- * Defibrillator
- ** Automated external defibrillator
- ** Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
- Devices used to maintain blood pressure
- * Artificial heart
- * Heart-lung machine
- * Intra-aortic balloon pump
- * Ventricular assist device
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac stress test
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- * Ambulatory Holter monitor
- Electrophysiologic study
- * Programmed electrical stimulation
- Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
- IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)
- Cardiac enzymes
Cardiac pharmaceutical agents
The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- * Type I (sodium channel blockers)
- ** Type Ia
- *** Quinidine
- ** Type Ib
- *** Lidocaine
- *** Phenytoin
- ** Type Ic
- *** Propafenone
- * Type II (beta blockers)
- ** Metoprolol
- * Type III (potassium channel blockers)
- ** Amiodarone
- ** Dofetilide
- ** Sotalol
- * Type IV (slow calcium channel blockers)
- ** Diltiazem
- ** Verapamil
- * Type V
- ** Adenosine
- ** Digoxin
- ACE inhibitors
- * Captopril
- * Enalapril
- * Perindopril
- * Ramipril
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- * Candesartan
- * Eprosartan
- * Irbesartan
- * Losartan
- * Telmisartan
- * Valsartan
- Beta blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
See also
External links
Basic cardiac physiology
Disorders of the coronary circulation
- Atherosclerosis
- Restenosis
- Coronary heart disease (Ischaemic heart disease, Coronary artery disease)
- Acute coronary syndrome
- * Angina
- * Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)
- Cardiomyopathy
- * Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- * Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
- ** Amyloid cardiomyopathy
- ** Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- *** Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))
- *** Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- ** Dilated cardiomyopathy
- *** Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- ** Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
- ** Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Congestive heart failure
- * Cor pulmonale
- Cardiac arrest
- Primary tumors of the heart
- * Myxoma
Disorders of the
Disorders of the heart valves
- Aortic valve disorders
- * Aortic insufficiency
- * Aortic stenosis
- * Aortic valve replacement
- * Aortic valve repair
- * Aortic valvuloplasty
- Mitral valve disorders
- * Mitral valve prolapse
- * Mitral regurgitation
- * Mitral stenosis
- * Mitral valve replacement
- * Mitral valve repair
- * Mitral valvuloplasty
- Pulmonic valve disorders
- * Congenital pulmonic stenosis
- Tricuspid valve disorders
Disorders of the electrical system of the heart (
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- * Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
- ** Atrial fibrillation
- ** Atrial flutter
- ** Atrial tachycardia
- ** Sick sinus syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
- ** AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- ** AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
- Bigeminy
- Premature ventricular contraction
- Ventricular tachycardia
- * Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
- * Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
- ** Torsades de pointes
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Heart block
- * First degree heart block
- * Second degree heart block
- * Trifascicular heart block
- * Third degree heart block
- Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart
- * Brugada syndrome
- * Long QT syndrome
- * Short QT syndrome
- * Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome)
Inflammation and infection of the heart
Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)
- Vasculitis
- Atherosclerosis
- Aneurysm
- Varicose veins
- Economy class syndrome
- Diseases of the aorta
- * Coarctation of the aorta
- * Aortic dissection
- Diseases of the carotid arteries
- * Carotid artery disease
- * Carotid artery dissection
Procedures done for coronary artery disease
- Atherectomy
- Angioplasty (PTCA)
- * Stenting
- Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
- Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)
Devices used in cardiology
- Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
- * Pacemaker
- * Defibrillator
- ** Automated external defibrillator
- ** Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
- Devices used to maintain blood pressure
- * Artificial heart
- * Heart-lung machine
- * Intra-aortic balloon pump
- * Ventricular assist device
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac stress test
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- * Ambulatory Holter monitor
- Electrophysiologic study
- * Programmed electrical stimulation
- Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
- IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)
- Cardiac enzymes
Cardiac pharmaceutical agents
The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- * Type I (sodium channel blockers)
- ** Type Ia
- *** Quinidine
- ** Type Ib
- *** Lidocaine
- *** Phenytoin
- ** Type Ic
- *** Propafenone
- * Type II (beta blockers)
- ** Metoprolol
- * Type III (potassium channel blockers)
- ** Amiodarone
- ** Dofetilide
- ** Sotalol
- * Type IV (slow calcium channel blockers)
- ** Diltiazem
- ** Verapamil
- * Type V
- ** Adenosine
- ** Digoxin
- ACE inhibitors
- * Captopril
- * Enalapril
- * Perindopril
- * Ramipril
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- * Candesartan
- * Eprosartan
- * Irbesartan
- * Losartan
- * Telmisartan
- * Valsartan
- Beta blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
See also
External links
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- * Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
- ** Atrial fibrillation
- ** Atrial flutter
- ** Atrial tachycardia
- ** Sick sinus syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
- ** AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- ** AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
- Bigeminy
- Premature ventricular contraction
- Ventricular tachycardia
- * Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
- * Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
- ** Torsades de pointes
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Heart block
- * First degree heart block
- * Second degree heart block
- * Trifascicular heart block
- * Third degree heart block
- Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart
- * Brugada syndrome
- * Long QT syndrome
- * Short QT syndrome
- * Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome)
Inflammation and infection of the heart
Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)
- Vasculitis
- Atherosclerosis
- Aneurysm
- Varicose veins
- Economy class syndrome
- Diseases of the aorta
- * Coarctation of the aorta
- * Aortic dissection
- Diseases of the carotid arteries
- * Carotid artery disease
- * Carotid artery dissection
Procedures done for coronary artery disease
- Atherectomy
- Angioplasty (PTCA)
- * Stenting
- Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
- Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)
Devices used in cardiology
- Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
- * Pacemaker
- * Defibrillator
- ** Automated external defibrillator
- ** Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
- Devices used to maintain blood pressure
- * Artificial heart
- * Heart-lung machine
- * Intra-aortic balloon pump
- * Ventricular assist device
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac stress test
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- * Ambulatory Holter monitor
- Electrophysiologic study
- * Programmed electrical stimulation
- Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
- IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)
- Cardiac enzymes
Cardiac pharmaceutical agents
The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- * Type I (sodium channel blockers)
- ** Type Ia
- *** Quinidine
- ** Type Ib
- *** Lidocaine
- *** Phenytoin
- ** Type Ic
- *** Propafenone
- * Type II (beta blockers)
- ** Metoprolol
- * Type III (potassium channel blockers)
- ** Amiodarone
- ** Dofetilide
- ** Sotalol
- * Type IV (slow calcium channel blockers)
- ** Diltiazem
- ** Verapamil
- * Type V
- ** Adenosine
- ** Digoxin
- ACE inhibitors
- * Captopril
- * Enalapril
- * Perindopril
- * Ramipril
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- * Candesartan
- * Eprosartan
- * Irbesartan
- * Losartan
- * Telmisartan
- * Valsartan
- Beta blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
See also
External links
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac stress test
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- * Ambulatory Holter monitor
- Electrophysiologic study
- * Programmed electrical stimulation
- Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
- IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)
- Cardiac enzymes
Cardiac pharmaceutical agents
The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:- Antiarrhythmic agents
- * Type I (sodium channel blockers)
- ** Type Ia
- *** Quinidine
- ** Type Ib
- *** Lidocaine
- *** Phenytoin
- ** Type Ic
- *** Propafenone
- * Type II (beta blockers)
- ** Metoprolol
- * Type III (potassium channel blockers)
- ** Amiodarone
- ** Dofetilide
- ** Sotalol
- * Type IV (slow calcium channel blockers)
- ** Diltiazem
- ** Verapamil
- * Type V
- ** Adenosine
- ** Digoxin
- ACE inhibitors
- * Captopril
- * Enalapril
- * Perindopril
- * Ramipril
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- * Candesartan
- * Eprosartan
- * Irbesartan
- * Losartan
- * Telmisartan
- * Valsartan
- Beta blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
See also
External links
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