Carreg Cennen
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Castell Carreg Cennen is a castle near the river Cennen (Carreg being Welsh for stone) in Carmarthenshire, Wales. It is considered one of the most spectacular castles in Britain, due to its position on a cliff face.
Human remains found at the original site of Castell Carreg Cennen date the location back to prehistoric times. The site may well have been an Iron Age hillfort.
Roman coins from the 1st and 2nd century have also been found, although it is unlikely the Romans occupied this site on a permanent basis.
The first masonry castle was probably built by the Lord Rhys, who died in 1197, and it remained a possession of the Deheubarth dynasty for the next 50 years. In 1248 Rhys Fychan's mother, to spite her son, granted the castle to the English, but before the English took possession of the castle Rhys captured the castle.
For the next 30 years it changed hands frequently between Rhys and his uncle Maredudd who were fighting for control of Deheubarth. In 1277 it was captured by the English, recaptured by the Welsh in 1282 and in English hands again the following year.
In 1283 Edward I granted the castle to John Giffard, the commander of the English troops at Cilmeri where Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (The Last) was killed. Giffard was probably responsible for the remodelled castle we see today
In early July 1403 Owain Glyndŵr, together with 8,00 men, attacked Carreg Cennen, but, although inflicting severe damage to the walls, failed to take the castle.
The damage was repaired, however in 1461, during the Wars of the Roses, Carreg Cennen became a Lancastrian stronghold. A Yorkist force subsequently captured the castle and set about demolishing it with a team of 500 men.
The castle is protected by limestone cliffs to the south and rock-cut ditches to the west. To the north and east there is an outer ward, barbican, gatehouse, drawbridge and deep pits.
In the south-east corner of the inner ward steps lead to a vaulted passage and a natural cave beneath the castle. A fresh water spring rises in the cave, which would have been an useful supplement to the castle's water supply of rainwater cisterns during dry weather.
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