Chlorhexidine Gluconate
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Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a chemical antiseptic, to combat both gram positive and gram negative microbes. It is both bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal.
The mechanism of action is believed to be membrane disruption, and not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.
Products containing Chlorhexidine Gluconate in high concentrations must be kept away from eyes (corneal ulcers) and the inner ear (deafness), although it is used in minute concentrations in some contact lens solutions. In some countries it is available by prescription only.
It is often used as an active ingredient in mouthwash designed to kill dental plaque and other oral bacteria. Chlorhexidine gluconate can thus be used to improve bad breath[link]. It is sometimes marketed under the brand names Peridex, Periochip, Periogard Oral Rinse or in the UK Corsodyl or Chlorohex. Chlorhexidine Gluconate-based products are usually utilized to combat or prevent gum diseases such as gingivitis.
Known to be deactivated by fluoride, Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouth rinses should be taken at least 30 minutes after using fluoridated oral products (e.g, toothpaste and mouthwash). For best effectiveness, food, drink, and mouth rinses should be avoided for at least one hour after use. However, mouthwashes formulations containing both chlorhexidine digluconate and fluoride have been found to be effective.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used in non-dental applications, most notably under the brand names Hibiclens, ChloraPrep, and Exidine. It is used for general skin cleansing, a surgical scrub and a pre-operative skin preparation. Due to other chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, the cleanser solution is not suitable for use as mouthwash.
References
Kuyyakanond T, Quesnel LB., 1992, The mechanism of action of chlorhexidine, Microbiol Lett, 15;79(1-3):211-5External links
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