Chloropicrin
Encyclopedia : C : CH : CHL : Chloropicrin
| Chloropicrin | |
|---|---|
| |
| Discovery | |
| Discovered by | ? |
| Discovered in | ? |
| Chemical characteristics | |
| Chemical name | Trichloronitromethane |
| Chemical family | ? |
| Chemical formula | CCl3NO2 |
| CAS number | 76-06-2 |
| Boiling point | 112 °C (234 °F) |
| Freezing/melting point | -69.2 °C (-92.6 °F) |
| Vapor pressure | ? mmHg (? Pa) at 25 °C |
| Vapor relative density (air=1) | ? |
| Solubility in water | ? |
| Density at 25 °C | ? g/cm3 |
| Appearance and color | Colorless / faint yellow |
Chloropicrin vapor is highly poisonous if inhaled. Chloropicrin was used in World War I as a chemical weapon, called PS by British, Aquinite by French, and Klop (green cross) by Germans. See also Use of poison gas in World War I. After WW II, however, the importance of Chloropicrin for military use decreased and, today, has vanished. In the chemical industry, it is widely used for organic synthesis, in fumigants, in fungicides and insecticides, and for the extermination of rats. Chloropicrin is a relatively stable liquid that is prepared by the reaction of picric acid with calcium hypochlorite, by the addition of nitrogen to chlorinated hydrocarbons, or by chlorinating nitromethane. In environment it undergoes photolysis.
Chloropicrin is used for fumigation, to sterilize soil and seed.
As a chemical warfare agent it is a powerful irritant from the group of pulmonary agents. It causes lachrymation, vomiting, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema; the lung injury can be fatal. Very low concentrations cause burning sensation of the eyes, which may serve as a warning. Because of its relative inertness and the small size of its molecule, chloropicrin penetrates gas mask filters. It then causes vomiting, which makes the victim remove the gas mask. For this reason, it is often mixed with other chemical weapons.
External links
- For a full list of external links to MSDSs, spectroscopic data, commercial chemicals suppliers etc. for this compound, see [Chemical sources].
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This article forms part of the series | ||
|---|---|---|
| Blood agents: | Cyanogen chloride (CK) – Hydrogen cyanide (AC) | |
| Blister agents: | Lewisite (L) – Sulfur mustard gas (HD, H, HT, HL, HQ) – Nitrogen mustard gas (HN1, HN2, HN3) | |
| Nerve agents: | G-Agents: Tabun (GA) – Sarin (GB) – Soman (GD) – Cyclosarin (GF) | V-Agents: VE – VG – VM – VX | |
| Pulmonary agents: | Chlorine – Chloropicrin (PS) – Phosgene (CG) – Diphosgene (DP) | |
| Incapacitating agents: | Agent 15 (BZ) – KOLOKOL-1 | |
| Riot control agents: | Pepper spray (OC) – CS gas – CN gas – CR gas | |
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