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Chrysler K engine

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The 2.2 L straight-4 engine developed by Chrysler for the K-cars is known as the K-car engine, K-engine, or Trans Four. It has become the basis for all Chrysler-developed 4-cylinder engines since its debut in 1981. The Chrysler Neon engine and new Tritec engine trace their lineage back to this engine.

The 2.2 was a homegrown replacement for the 1.7 L Volkswagen engine Chrysler had previously used in its L-body cars. Many of the features of the 2.2 are based on the company's experience with the Volkswagen engine, including the aluminum head/iron block design, the SOHC design with in-line valves, the offset water pump, and the location of both the intake and exhaust manifolds on the rear of the engine.

To reduce overall length, it is a "siamesed" engine - there are no coolant passages between cylinders. The bore spacing is a tight 87.5 mm, limiting future bore diameter.

All 2.2s were cast iron and used a timing belt rather than a chain, but are non-interference engines. The earliest used a two-barrel carburetor, but later versions used fuel injection.

The 2.2 was made at Chrysler's Trenton Engine plant in Trenton, Michigan. In 1988, Chrysler sold much of the machining equipment, as well as a license to the design, to First Auto Works of China. The Trenton plant largely switched to the new Chrysler 3.3 engine production, while FAW continues to build the 2.2 to this day.

Contents

2.2

The first K-car engine was the normally-aspirated 2.2 L. It debuted with the 1981 Dodge Aries, Plymouth Horizon and Plymouth Reliant, and was produced until 1994. It was a carbureted SOHC engine with an undersquare 87.5 mm bore and 92 mm stroke. The first versions produced 84 hp (63 kW), but quickly rose to 96 hp (72 kW) and 119 ft·lbf (161 N·m). Later versions were fuel-injected for 99 hp (74 kW) and 121 ft·lbf (164 N·m), and a High-Output version for the Dodge Charger produced 110 hp (82 kW) and 129 ft·lbf (175 N·m). Some were even turbocharged and are referred to as the Turbo I and Turbo II.

Cars that used the 2.2 L engine included:

High-Output 2.2

The 1983 and 1984 Dodge Shelby Charger was more of a handling package, but the regular 2.2 L engine was modified somewhat. This High-Output 2.2 used a revised camshaft to boost output to 110 hp (82 kW) and 129 ft·lbf (175 N·m) and a decking of the block to increase the compression ratio. But these modest numbers allowed the Shelby Charger to hit 60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.5 seconds and cover the quarter mile (.4 km) in under 16 seconds. The 1985 Dodge Charger Shelby used the 2.2 Turbo I engine instead, so this high output 2.2 was made an option on regular Dodge Chargers that year.

Applications:

2.2 Turbo I

Chrysler's first turbocharged engine was the 1984 Turbo I. It used a Garrett T03 turbocharger with a mechanical wastegate to limit boost to 7 psi (48 kPa). For 1985, a computer-controlled wastegate was substituted which allowed 9 psi (62 kPa) of temporary overboost. Output was rated at 146 hp (109 kW) and 168 ft·lbf (228 N·m). A Mitsubishi TE04H turbo and new intake manifold were used for 1988. The engine was updated with the 2.5 L engine the next year.

2.2 Turbo II

The Turbo II name signified a Carroll Shelby-designed intercooled turbo engine. The engine was first used in the 1986 Shelby GLH-S and was produced by the factory the following year. Shelby packed it into his later Shelby GLHS in 1987, as well has his Shelby Lancer and Shelby CSX. Chrysler produced a strengthened version of this engine, with a forged crankshaft and connecting rods, and used it in the Shelby Z package of the 1987–1989 Dodge Daytona . Output was 175 hp (130 kW) and 175 ft·lbf (237 N·m) with 12 psi of boost. (200 ft·lbf in the actual Chrysler-built cars with the stronger transaxle)

The same intake manifold used on the Turbo II minus an air charge temperature sensor was added to the Turbo I for 1988. The next year, the new 2.5 L block was adapted for the still-2.2 L Turbo II, and the engine continued unchanged through 1990. The same block casting used for all further iterations of the Chrysler K engine, and came to be called the 'Common Block'.

Applications:

2.2 Turbo IV

The Turbo IV was a turbocharged SOHC version with variable nozzle turbo (VNT) technology. This allowed the turbo to spool up rapidly but still produce high top-end power.

Vehicles using the Turbo IV include:

2.2 Turbo III

The Turbo III used Lotus-made, Shelby-designed DOHC 16-valve heads. Output was 224 hp (167 kW) and 217 ft·lbf (294 N·m). This rare engine was used in just 1,399 Spirit R/T and a handful of Daytona IROC R/T models.

Cars using the Turbo III include:

2.2 TC

The Chrysler TC (developed with Maserati) used a special turbo K-car engine. This version was related to the Turbo II but used a different head, pistons, connecting rods, and crankshaft. No parts are interchangeable with the other K-car engines.

The 2.2 engine was truly international: The cylinder head was cast in England by Cosworth and finished in Italy by Maserati. The pistons came from Mahle in Germany, and a Japanese turbocharger was sourced from IHI. The camshafts were designed by Florida-based Crane but were constructed by Maserati in Modena. Most of the rest of the engine was made in the United States and was similar to the Turbo II. Only 500 Chrysler TCs were produced with the DOHC 16-valve head.

2.5

Chrysler tweaked the K-car engine in 1986, upping the displacement to 2.5 L and adding balance shafts to smooth it out. The increased displacement came from a raised deck and even longer stroke (104 mm), making this engine very undersquare and tuned for low-end torque rather than high power. This engine replaced the 2.6 L Mitsubishi G54B engine that Chrysler had been using. It produced 100 hp (75 kW) and 136 ft·lbf (184 N·m) of torque. The 2.5 was retired in 1995.

This version was used in the following vehicles:

2.5 Turbo

A final version of the K-car engine was the turbocharged 2.5 L, introduced in 1989. This engine had multipoint fuel injection and was rated at 150 horsepower and 170 lb-ft of torque.

The 2.5 turbo was found in the following vehicles:

See also

References

 

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