Cirth
Encyclopedia : C : CI : CIR : Cirth
The Cirth ("Runes") are the letters of an artificial script which was invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works.
In the fictional history of Middle-earth, the original Certhas Daeron was created by Daeron, the minstrel of king Thingol of Doriath and was later expanded into what was known as the Angerthas Daeron. Although the Cirth were later largely replaced by the Tengwar (which were enhanced and brought by Fëanor), they were adopted by Dwarves to write down their Khuzdûl language (Angerthas Moria and Angerthas Erebor) because their straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar. Some examples of Cirth writings are the inscription on Balin's tomb in Moria and the inscriptions on the top of the title pages for The Lord of the Rings.
Cirth is plural and is written with a capital C when referring to the writing system—the runes themselves can be called cirth. A single rune is a certh.
Many letters have shapes also found in the historical Futhark runes (used in The Hobbit), but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. p ᛈ and w ᚹ as variants of b ᛒ), but is in any case much more obscure.
Cirth is written according to a certain mode specifically adapted for a language, and the values of individual certh may vary greatly according to the mode used. Three modes for Cirth are described in detail in Appendix E of the Lord of the Rings, and others are known to exist or have been developed by enthousiasts.
The Cirth are not yet part of the Unicode Standard. However the ConScript Unicode Registry has defined the U+{{{1 to U+E0FF range of the Unicode "Private Use Area" for Cirth.
See also
External links
- [Cirth.de - Explore the appearances of runes in Tolkien's work]
- [Dan Smith's Cirth article] Information and font to download
- [History of Elven writing systems]
- [Official proposal to encode Cirth in Unicode]
- [Cirth proposal for ConScript Unicode Registry]
- [Generator for Cirth Runes and Tengwar]
| J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium | |
| Published during his lifetime: | The Hobbit | The Lord of the Rings | The Adventures of Tom Bombadil | The Road Goes Ever On |
|---|---|
| Posthumous publications: | The Silmarillion | Unfinished Tales | The History of Middle-earth (12 volumes) | Bilbo's Last Song |
| Lists of articles: | by category | by name | writings | characters | peoples | rivers | realms | ages |
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